DOCSLIB.ORG

First Responders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Responders (067UDLQLQJ (SLOHSV\DQG 6HL]XUH0DQDJHPHQW 3$57,&,3$17·6*8,'( 7KH(SLOHSV\)RXQGDWLRQOHDGVWKHÀJKWWRVWRSVHL]XUHVÀQGDFXUHDQGRYHUFRPHWKHFKDOOHQJHV created by epilepsy. 7KH(SLOHSV\)RXQGDWLRQLVWKHQDWLRQDOYROXQWDU\DJHQF\VROHO\GHGLFDWHGWRWKHZHOIDUHRIWKHQHDUO\ PLOOLRQSHRSOHZLWKHSLOHSV\LQWKH86DQGWKHLUIDPLOLHV7KHRUJDQL]DWLRQZRUNVWRHQVXUHWKDW SHRSOHZLWKVHL]XUHVDUHDEOHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQDOOOLIHH[SHULHQFHVWRLPSURYHKRZSHRSOHZLWKHSLOHSV\ DUHSHUFHLYHGDFFHSWHGDQGYDOXHGLQVRFLHW\DQGWRSURPRWHUHVHDUFKIRUDFXUH,QDGGLWLRQWR SURJUDPVFRQGXFWHGDWWKHQDWLRQDOOHYHOHSLOHSV\FOLHQWVWKURXJKRXWWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDUHVHUYHGE\ (SLOHSV\)RXQGDWLRQDIÀOLDWHVDURXQGWKHFRXQWU\ )RUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQYLVLWWKH(SLOHSV\)RXQGDWLRQZHEVLWHZZZHSLOHSV\IRXQGDWLRQRUJ or call 800-332-1000. Table of Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 About this Training .........................................................................................................1 What is a Seizure? ..........................................................................................................2 Typical Causes for Seizures ............................................................................3 What is Epilepsy? ...........................................................................................................4 Causes of Epilepsy ..........................................................................................4 Danger of Prolonged Seizure ..........................................................................5 Epilepsy and Seizure Triggers .........................................................................5 Epilepsy and Seizures: Types ..........................................................................6 Generalized Seizures ......................................................................................6 Partial Seizures................................................................................................7 Special Cautions ..............................................................................................8 After a Seizure ................................................................................................................9 The Postictal Phase ........................................................................................................9 Treating Seizures .........................................................................................................10 Treatment Do’s .............................................................................................10 Treatment Don’ts ..........................................................................................11 Treatment Guidelines ...................................................................................12 PreHospital Treatment: Convulsive Seizure in Progress ....................................................................12 Patient No Longer Convulsing ..................................................................... 15 Complex Partial Seizure ............................................................................... 17 Epilepsy and Seizures: Patient Experiencing Seizure with VNS Implant .............18 Epilepsy and Seizures: Is Ambulance and Hospital Transport Needed? .............19 Epilepsy and Seizures: Antiepileptic Drugs ............................................................. 20 PreHospital Treatment: Convulsive Seizure of Unknown Origin ........................................................21 Convulsive Seizure due to CNS Injury ......................................................... 21 Active Seizure Has Ceased .......................................................................... 23 Convulsive Seizure due to Metabolic Disorder ...........................................23 Active Seizure Has Ceased .......................................................................... 25 Seizure in Progress Due to Infection ...........................................................25 Once Active Seizure Has Ceased .................................................................25 Using SAMPLE to take a seizure history .................................................................. 26 Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................28 Frequently Asked Questions ......................................................................................30 control. Where differences arise, it is hoped that EMS responders will raise Introduction the issues with their leadership to see if modifications in local practice would As EMS personnel, naturally, you are enhance patient care and outcomes. often the first responders when someone is having a seizure. The Epilepsy Foundation recognizes how important that EMS response can be to the health and safety of an Seizure – a sudden, brief estimated three million Americans disruption of the normal neuron subject to seizures caused by epilepsy. functioning in the brain. Beyond that number, there are likely millions more who may experience one or more seizure episodes as a result of Normal nerve cells, or neurons, in the trauma or other acute or chronic brain fire billions of electrical signals to illness. each other by means of tiny bursts of energy. They start and then stop, over Given the prevalence and critical and over again. Think of these bursts nature of these events, the Epilepsy as flashes of energy. Foundation has prepared this manual to provide information and training A seizure is a sudden, brief disruption crucial to an effective EMS response to of the normal functioning of neurons in seizures. The recommendations from the brain. The disruption in the the Epilepsy Foundation outlined in neurological environment causes this training are built on solid some nerve cells to fire without experience. However, the Foundation stopping and spread to involve other also recognizes that the availability of nerve cells. When this happens, a kind EMS responders, their training, of electrical pulse sweeps through the authority for their practice, and their brain and typically causes the affected utilization of medications and person to experience a variety of treatments varies from location to behaviors such as staring, falling, location. Therefore, this information repetitive motions, disorientation, or to should be regarded as guidelines. experience the massive muscular contractions generally known as With this in mind, suggested response convulsions. and treatments guidelines are divided into two categories: All Responders/BLS Response About this Training (Basic Life Support) ALS Response (Advanced Life When an individual has a convulsive Support) seizure – that is, an alteration of brain function producing loss of EMS responders should follow local consciousness and muscle regulations, practice and/or medical contractions affecting the whole body 1 – often the first impulse on the part of the public is to call 911 for an emergency medical services (EMS) What is a Seizure? response. This training describes a variety of seizures associated with epilepsy, seizures with other potential causes, appropriate EMS response on Seizure – a sudden, brief scene, and issues to be considered disruption of the normal neuron when determining whether or not functioning in the brain. further medical care is warranted. In general, the goals are to: Normal nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain fire billions of electrical signals to Strengthen the knowledge of each other by means of tiny bursts of Emergency Medical Services energy. They start and then stop, over (EMS) responders in the and over again. Think of these bursts recognition, causes, as flashes of energy. A seizure is a appropriate response and sudden, brief disruption of the normal management of generalized functioning of neurons in the brain. and partial seizures and status epilepticus. As mentioned earlier, the disruption in Enhance the ability of EMS the neurological environment causes responders’ ability to respond some nerve cells to fire without effectively to individuals stopping and spread to involve other experiencing a seizure, with an nerve cells. When this happens, a kind emphasis on epileptic seizures. of electrical pulse sweeps through the Help the EMS responders’ brain and typically causes the affected make informed decisions person to experience a variety of regarding the proper response behaviors such as staring, falling, to seizures with respect to the repetitive motions, disorientation, or to need for additional care and experience the massive muscular ambulance transport contractions generally known as convulsions. By the end of this training, you will be able to: A seizure that involves the entire brain Define what a seizure is and list is called a generalized seizure. This various causes type of seizure generally results in Describe the basics of epilepsy, convulsions and other clearly a variety of seizures associated observable behaviors. But not all with epilepsy and other seizures are dramatic. potential causes Differentiate between the types More limited disruptions of brain of seizures function produce less dramatic Outline appropriate EMS changes in movement or behavior, responses and treatment depending on what part or how much options for those experiencing a of the brain is affected. These are seizure better known as partial seizures 2 because only part of the brain is After a seizure, recovery may occur affected. We’ll talk more about
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Approach to Patients with ''Non-Epileptic Seizures''
    498 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.2004.029785 on 5 August 2005. Downloaded from REVIEW The approach to patients with ‘‘non-epileptic seizures’’ J D C Mellers ............................................................................................................................... Postgrad Med J 2005;81:498–504. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.029785 Up to one fifth of patients who present to specialist clinics with loose shorthand to refer to the psychological attacks alone.12 The terms psychogenic NES and seizures do not have epilepsy. The majority of such patients functional seizures overcome some of these suffer from psychologically mediated episodes; dissociative objections but formal psychiatric classification seizures, often referred to as ‘‘non-epileptic seizures’’. This systems provide clearly defined labels. Unfor- tunately, though, there are still inconsistencies: paper describes the diagnostic evaluation of seizure thus, within DSM IV13 such attacks are classified disorders, including clinical assessment and the role of special under somatoform disorder and in ICD 1014 the investigations. The organic and psychiatric imitators of diagnostic label ‘‘dissociative convulsions’’, is classified within the group of conversion dis- epilepsy are outlined and findings on psychiatric assessment orders. It is the latter terminology that will be are reviewed. This group of patients often proves difficult to adopted here. engage in appropriate treatment and an approach to As we have seen, dissociative convulsions or seizures (DS) are common, the diagnosis is often explaining the diagnosis is described. As yet there are no missed, and when it is patients not only fail to controlled trials of treatment in this disorder but preliminary receive appropriate treatment but are subject to evidence suggests cognitive behavioural therapy is both a unnecessary, costly,15 and potentially harmful medical interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Signs of Teen Drug Abuse 14 EDITS
    Signs of Teen Drug Abuse SoberCollege.com Teen Drug Abuse Are you concerned that your child is using drugs or alcohol? Whether you are concerned about changes in appearance or behavior Sober College can help you find out more about a range of symptoms associated with drug use. Table of Contents: Symptoms Drug Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Red eyes ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Weight loss ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Cuts, sores or bruises...................................................................................................................................... 5 Deterioration of physical appearance .......................................................................................................... 6 Shakes and tremors ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Anger issues ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 Financial difficulties ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management
    REVIEW ARTICLE COPYRIGHT © 2018 THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. An Overview of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management Ángela Milán-Tomás, Michelle Persyko, Martin del Campo, Colin M. Shapiro, Karl Farcnik ABSTRACT: The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the research regarding the etiology, diagnosis and management of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). A literature search using Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database was performed from 2000 up to August 2017. We have evaluated the different factors leading to PNES as well as the diagnostic approach and management of this disorder which continue to be very difficult. The coexistence of epilepsy and PNES poses special challenges and requires the coordinated efforts of the family physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists and neurologists. Although this condition has an overall poor prognosis, a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of this disorder would likely improve the outcomes. We have proposed a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for PNES and suggested a national registry of patients suffering from this condition. The registry would contain data regarding treatment and outcomes to aid in the understanding of this entity. RÉSUMÉ: Vue d’ensemble des crises psychogènes non-épileptiques: étiologie, diagnostic et prise en charge. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une mise à jour des activités de recherche qui concernent l’étiologie, le diagnostic et la prise en charge des crises psychogènes non-épileptiques (CPNE). Pour ce faire, nous avons mené de 2000 à août 2017 une recherche bibliographique au moyen des bases de données suivantes : PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE et Embase.
    [Show full text]
  • Part Ii – Neurological Disorders
    Part ii – Neurological Disorders CHAPTER 4 EPILEPSY Dr William P. Howlett 2012 Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania BRIC 2012 University of Bergen PO Box 7800 NO-5020 Bergen Norway NEUROLOGY IN AFRICA William Howlett Illustrations: Ellinor Moldeklev Hoff, Department of Photos and Drawings, UiB Cover: Tor Vegard Tobiassen Layout: Christian Bakke, Division of Communication, University of Bergen E JØM RKE IL T M 2 Printed by Bodoni, Bergen, Norway 4 9 1 9 6 Trykksak Copyright © 2012 William Howlett NEUROLOGY IN AFRICA is freely available to download at Bergen Open Research Archive (https://bora.uib.no) www.uib.no/cih/en/resources/neurology-in-africa ISBN 978-82-7453-085-0 Notice/Disclaimer This publication is intended to give accurate information with regard to the subject matter covered. However medical knowledge is constantly changing and information may alter. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to determine the best treatment for the patient and readers are therefore obliged to check and verify information contained within the book. This recommendation is most important with regard to drugs used, their dose, route and duration of administration, indications and contraindications and side effects. The author and the publisher waive any and all liability for damages, injury or death to persons or property incurred, directly or indirectly by this publication. CONTENTS EPILEPSY 79 EPILEPSY SYNDROMES � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79 CLASSIFICATION�
    [Show full text]
  • Status Epilepticus
    Status Epilepticus * * Jonathan Lee, BS and Alisa Wray, MD *University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Orange, CA Correspondence should be addressed to Jonathan Lee, BS at [email protected] Submitted: February 16, 2017; Accepted: March 23, 2017; Electronically Published: April 15, 2017; https://doi.org/10.21980/J8RC7V Copyright: © 2017 Lee, et al. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACT: Audience: This simulation can be used for emergency medicine (EM) learners of any level including medical students, junior residents and senior residents. Introduction: Seizures are the result of abnormal or disorganized cortical electrical activity in the brain. Status epilepticus is a dangerous complication of seizures. In adults and children older than five years old, generalized, convulsive status epilepticus refers to greater than 5 minutes of a continuous seizure OR two or more discrete seizures between which there is incomplete recovery of consciousness. , As with all emergency situations treatment must occur simultaneously while the physician manages primary1 2 assessment and resuscitation and determines the underlying cause. Objectives: At the end of this simulation session, the learner will: 1) Demonstrate the management of status epilepticus 2) Justify when airway intervention is needed for status epilepticus 3) Describe risk factors for status epilepticus 4) Prepare a differential diagnosis for the causes in status epilepticus. Method: This educational session is a high-fidelity simulation. Topics: Status epilepticus, seizure, intubation, anti-epileptic medications, alcohol abuse, toxicology. 1 USER GUIDE 3,5 List of Resources: pyridoxine, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • NEST-1-Epilepsia-Paper.Pdf
    Acceptability and effectiveness of a strategy for the communication of the diagnosis of non-epileptic attacks Authors: Lindsey Hall-Patch1, Richard Brown2, Allan House1, Stephanie Howlett3, Steven Kemp4, Gemma Lawton3, Rebecca Mayor3, Phil Smith5 and Markus Reuber3* for the NEST collaborators6 Correspondence: *: Markus Reuber, Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF. UK. E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +44 114 2268688, Fax: +44 114 2713158. Affiliations: 1: Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LJ, UK. [email protected] 2: Division of Clinical Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. [email protected] 3: Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK. [email protected] 4: Department of Neuropsychology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James’s Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. [email protected] 5: Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW. [email protected] 6: The other Non-Epileptic Seizure Treatment (NEST) collaborators are: Dr Naghme Adab, Coventry; Dr Jane Adcock, Oxford; Dr Steven Allder, Plymouth; Dr Holger Allroggen, Coventry; Dr Jonathan Bird, Bristol; Dr Peter Clough; Dr Hannah Cock, London; Dr Paul Cooper, Manchester; Dr Gary Dennis, Sheffield; Dr Peter Goulding, Leeds; Dr Richard Grünewald, Sheffield; Dr Yvonne Hart, Oxford; Dr Steven Howell, Sheffield;
    [Show full text]
  • Seizure Types and Epilepsy
    PedsCases Podcast Scripts This is a text version of a podcast from Pedscases.com on “Seizures Types and Epilepsy.” These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview of key topics in pediatrics. The audio versions are accessible on iTunes or at www.pedcases.com/podcasts. Seizure Types and Epilepsy Developed by Michelle Bischoff, Drs Francois Bolduc and Melanie Lewis for PedsCases.com. August 28, 2010 Introduction Hi my name is Michelle Bischoff and I'm a medical student at the University of Alberta. This podcast was reviewed by Dr. Francois Bolduc a Pediatric Neurologist and Assistant Professor and Dr. Melanie Lewis, a General Pediatrician and Associate Professor - both at the Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. This podcast will describe different types of seizures seen in pediatrics and management of epilepsy. In another podcast, I will talk about the clinical approach to status epilepticus. Objectives The objectives of the podcast are as follows: 1. First, to describe the pathophysiology of seizures 2. Second, to identify possible etiologies 3. Third, to distinguish the various types of seizures focusing on the pediatric clerkship objectives 4. Last, to give an approach to a child presenting with a history of two or more seizures Background Seizures are a common condition encountered in pediatric acute care and experienced by approximately 3% of children. Seizures have been described in documents dating back thousands of years, and at the time, attributed to possession by evil spirits. We are a little wiser today, and know that a seizure is due to abnormal activity of brain cells and may be a sign of a serious medical condition - either a neurological injury or disease or a physiological condition originating outside the brain.
    [Show full text]
  • What to Expect During Your Stay in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU)
    What to expect during your stay in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) INTRODUCTION Epileptic seizures occur when the brain cells become overly excited due to electrical impulses. Seizures vary greatly from one person to another. For those recently diagnosed with epilepsy, it’s important to understand what type of seizures they are experiencing and from which part of the brain they originate. Such information can be recorded at the EMU, and it is essential to determine a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Seton Brain & Spine Institute is dedicated to providing its patients with freedom from seizures and helping them experience the confidence and happiness that a seizure-free life can offer. Ours is the only Level 4 Epilepsy Center for adults in Central Texas. The rating is based upon guidelines recommended by the National Association of Epilepsy Centers. More information at SetonBrainandSpine.com/Epilepsy. WHAT IS VIDEO-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MONITORING? Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique that records the brain’s electrical activity by using small, metal discs attached to the scalp. It is painless. Patients in the EMU are subject to continuous EEG monitoring. And because physical behaviors (either before, during, or after each seizure) also provide clues about the origin and classification of seizures, patients are also subject to continuous video/audio monitoring. WHAT WILL MY ROOM LOOK LIKE? All rooms are private and include two infrared video cameras as well as a microphone for audio recording. The infrared light allows for videotaping when the room is dark. An event button is available and should be used when a seizure is beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • A GUIDE for TEACHERS Epilepsyepilepsy
    206356_Guide For Teachers_Teachers 1/14/11 10:49 AM Page 1 A GUIDE FOR TEACHERS EpilepsyEpilepsy EPILEPSY EDUCATION SERIES 206356_Guide For Teachers_Teachers 1/14/11 10:49 AM Page 2 This publication was produced by the The Epilepsy Association of Northern Alberta Phone: 780-488-9600 Toll Free: 1-866-374-5377 Fax: 780-447-5486 Email: [email protected] Website: www.edmontonepilepsy.org This booklet is designed to provide general information about Epilepsy to the public. It does not include specific medical advice, and people with Epilepsy should not make changes based on this information to previously prescribed treatment or activities without first consulting their physician. Special thanks to our Consulting Team, which was comprised of Epilepsy Specialist Neurologists & Neuroscience Nurses, Hospital Epilepsy Clinic Staff, Educators, Individuals with Epilepsy, and Family Members of Individuals with Epilepsy. Free Canada-wide distribution of this publication was made possible by an unrestricted Grant from UCB Canada Inc. © Edmonton Epilepsy Association, 2011 206356_Guide For Teachers_Teachers 1/14/11 10:49 AM Page 3 Index How to Recognize Seizures ______________________________1 Why Seizures Happen __________________________________2 What Having Epilepsy Means ____________________________2 Who Epilepsy Affects____________________________________3 How to Tell the Difference Between One Type of Seizure and Another ________________________________________4 How to Respond to Seizures ______________________________7 First Aid for Seizures____________________________________8
    [Show full text]
  • Febrile Seizures: an Update C Waruiru, R Appleton
    751 REVIEW Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.2003.028449 on 21 July 2004. Downloaded from Febrile seizures: an update C Waruiru, R Appleton ............................................................................................................................... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:751–756. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.028449 This review focuses on the latest knowledge and but others occur during or after the onset of fever,89observations that may in part reflect the understanding of febrile seizures and outlines the more difficulties in both taking and accurately record- important issues in the management of children who ing the temperature of young children. There are present with an apparent ‘‘febrile seizure’’. It is not the no data to support the rate of temperature rise as being more important than the peak temperature remit of this paper to discuss the detailed management of achieved.10 11 It is also unclear whether there may febrile seizures. Throughout this review, the words be a lower limit of fever under which it would be ‘‘partial’’ and ‘‘focal’’ will be used interchangeably and the difficult to make a diagnosis of an FS,12 with some studies citing .38˚C and others, .38.4˚C. term ‘‘febrile seizure’’ (FS) will be used, reflecting the It is possible that the peak of the fever may be proposed changes in the terminology of seizures and related to recurrent FS.81013 Children with FS epilepsies.1 with a relatively low fever (,38.9˚C) tend to present with an initial seizure that has focal ........................................................................... features or is repeated within the same febrile illness.14 Antipyretics have not been shown to here are two published operational defini- reduce the risk of febrile seizures,15 16 suggesting tions of FS.
    [Show full text]
  • EPILEPSYESSENTIALS by Steven Karceski, MD
    EPILEPSYESSENTIALS By Steven Karceski, MD How to Identify the Signs and Symptoms of Partial Seizures The clinical presentation can at first seem to indicate a number of diagnoses. Here’s how to narrow the choices. ocalization related epilepsy seizures are refractory to medical manage- dles sensation indicates that the seizure (LRE) is also called partial ment, epilepsy surgery may be considered. involves the somatosensory region (i.e., the epilepsy. A person who has a sin- In order for surgery to be successful, accu- postcentral gyrus). However, this is not the gle kind of LRE may experience rate identification of the region of seizure only area from which sensory symptoms L any combination of partial onset is needed. This localization begins may arise. Contralateral mesial frontal seizures: simple partial, complex partial and with a description of the seizure semiology. structures can also produce sensory symp- secondarily generalized. There are many In combination with medical testing, this toms. In some instances, the superior tem- causes of partial seizures, including head information is a critical step in the presurgi- poral gyrus has been shown to cause bilat- injuries, tumors, infection, and stroke cal evaluation of persons with focal seizures. eral sensory symptoms. (Table 1). Many people with partial Galen first used the term “aura” to refer Pain is an uncommon aura. When it seizures recall having a “warning” or “aura” to the “breath of air” that occurred just occurs, it often means the seizure involves just prior to losing consciousness. The aura before the seizure started. The use of this the contralateral parietal lobe.
    [Show full text]
  • Seizures Risk Awareness Tool (RAT)
    Seizures Risk Awareness Tool (RAT) Presented by: The Virginia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services The Office of Integrated Health Health Supports Network 1 DSP's and caregivers- you will learn important risk factors associated with seizures, learn to recognize signs and symptoms, and the importance of reporting. Who benefits from this Support Coordinators-you will learn training important risk factors associated with seizures, understand the signs and symptoms that DSP's and caregivers are going to recognize and provide in documentation, and learn diagnosis that may be associated with risk factors. Terms & Definitions Generalized Seizures Tonic-clonic seizures cause jerking or convulsive movements of the limbs or torso. Absence seizures can cause a person to briefly stare off into space and/or have a lapse of awareness. Focal Seizures - Affect only one area of the brain and are classified into three categories: simple focal; complex focal; or secondary generalized, which begin with a focal seizure & are then followed by a generalized seizure (CDC, 2018). Preictal-signs or symptoms, perceived by the person and/or observed by caregiver, appearing up to 24 hours preceding seizure onset. Postictal - Is an abnormal condition that lasts for a period of time that begins when a seizure subsides and ends when the 3 person returns to baseline Objectives •1. Define seizure. •2. List (3) signs and symptoms of a seizure •3. State (2) causes of seizures •4. Identify (3) complications of seizures. •5. State (3) caregiver recommendations. •6. Identify (2) medical professionals that can help with seizures. 4 A seizure is one of many neurologic conditions characterized by abnormal electrical brain activity.
    [Show full text]