SOCIAL SCIENCE Class 10 MADHYA PRADESH RAJYA SHIKSHA KENDRA, BHOPAL YEAR 2012 Rs. Publicaiton year-2008, Reprint- 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 ©Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal Direction R.S. Julania Commissioner, M.P. Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal Guidance Rajesh Jain Aditional Mission Director, M.P. Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal A.K. Dixit Aditional Director, M.P. Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal Co-ordination Shakuntala Shrivastav Co-ordinator-Curriculum, Text Book and TLM, M.P. Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal Subject Co-ordinator Dr. Sadhna Singh Academic Consultant, Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal Writers and Moderation w Dr. R.P. Singh Retd., Principal, DIET, Vidisha, S.S. Patel, Principal, H.S.S., DIET, Pachmari, Shivraj Singh Tomar, Asstt. Prof., Autonomous P.G. College, Ambah, Dr. Sadhna Singh R.S.K. w Dr. Ashokchndra Dahibhate, Asstt. Prof., P.G. College, Guna, Dr. Manoj Awasthi, Asstt. Prof. Madhav College, Gwalior, Shushma Dixit, Lect., Boys Higher Secondary School, Bairagrah, Dr. Shalini Saxena, Bhopal, w Dr. V.S. Gupta, Retd. Principal, P.G. College, Gwalior, Anil Mishra, DIET, Shahdol, Dr. Ashok Tyagi, Asstt. Prof., M.L.B., Govt. Excellence College, Gwalior, Dr. Mahavir Prasad Modi, Asstt. Prof., P.G. College, Morena, L.D. Gupta Retd. Principal, P.G. College, Shivpuri, w Shakun Dhoot, Retd. Principal, H.S.S. w Shailesh Choubey, Prof. Rani Durgavati Vishwavidhayalya, Jabalpur, Shushma Saran, Principal, H.S.S., PGBT, Bhopal, Kamal Bhardwaj, Asstt. Prof., A. P.G. College, Ambah, Morena, Editing w Dr. J.P. Singh, Retd., Proff., Regional Educational Research and Trainng Institute, Bhopal w w Dr.S.K. Trivedi, Lecturer, Govt. Hamidia College, Bhopal. Dr.Ramdev Bharadwaj, Prof. Rani Durgavati Vishwavidhayalya, Jabalpur, w Dr. P.D. Maheswari, Retd. Prof., P.G. Excellence College, Bhopal Translation w Dr. A.L. Naik, Retd., Deputy Commissoner, Deptt. of Tribal Welfare w Dr. Rajeshwari Duby, Asstt. Prof., S.N.K., P.G. Autonomous College, Bhopal w Shushma Saran, Principal, H.S.S., PGBT, Bhopal, Mapping & Picturaisation - Vikas Malviya (RSK), Vinay Sapre © Government of India copyright Act 2008 l The correct depiction of internal description of maps is the responsibility of publishers. l The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. l The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown in this publication are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 but yet to be verified. l The international and coastal boundaries of India with the verified record/main copy certified by survey of India. l The state boundaries between Uttaranchal & Utterpradesh, Bihar & Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh & Madhyapradesh have not been verified by the Concerned Government . Composing - Akshar Graphics, Bhopal (ii) Approved by Madhya Pradesh Textbook Standing Committee S.No. Name and Address Designation 1Dr. Govind Sharma Chairman Former Additional Director, Higher Education, Govt. of M.P., Gwalior 2. Dr. Umrao Singh Choudhary Member Former Vice Chancellor, Devi Ahiliya University, Indore 3. Prof. Udai Jain Member Former Principal, Shri Vaishnav College, Indore 4. Dr. Subhash Gupta Member Dean, Student Welfare, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 5. Dr. (Smt.) Binay Rajaram Member Professor and Head of Department, Hindi Shri Satya Sai Women’s College, Bhopal 6. Prof. Sureshwar Sharma Member Former Vice Chancellor, Rani Durgawati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur 7. Dr. Manmohan Upadhyaya Member Educationist and Deputy Chairman, M.P. Sanskrit Board, Bhopal 8. Shri Bhagirath Kumrawat Member Educationist, Bhopal 9. Commissioner Member Secretary Rajya Shiksha Kendra, M.P., Bhopal 10. Commissioner, Member Public Instruction, M.P., Bhopal 11. Secretary, Member Board of Secondary Education, M.P., Bhopal 12. Managing Director, Member M.P. Text Book Corporation, Bhopal 13. Representative - NCERT Member 14. Representative - Navodaya Vidyalaya Sangathan Member 15. Dr. Prem Bharati Guest Member Educationist and member, State Level General Body and working committee M.P. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (iii) Preface The new text book is an attempt to execute the national curriculum 2005, in which investment in information, associating children with life outside school, reducing the tradition of textual knowledge and learning by memorization and to work in the direction of child centered learning. To meet these aims of education, M.P. Education Deptt. and M.P. Board of Secondary education has developed an intergrated new curriculum. In this subject matter related to Environment, Geogra- phy, History, Political Science and Economics has been incorporated. The new textbook of class 10 has been prepared on the basis of new integrated curriculum keeping in mind the cognitive development of students of class 10. Children will be able to create new learning by relating to the information and contents of the book. Its hoped that the new textbook of Social Science will help the learners to grasp the information related to the subject in an easy and simple manner. It will also help to develop their skills and qualitative development in the subject. The book will help in childrens' participation in learning, reducing mental pressure and making the contents interesting. The Board is grateful to all the people and institutions who have given their valuable contribution in the preparation of the book. The Board also expresses its heartfelt gratitude to the author whose literature has been used in book writting. In the end the Board of Secondary Education expresses its gratitude to the teachers/educationists and parents who have given their valuable suggestions for the improvement of the book. Its a collective effort of writers, moderators and subject coordinators, under the guidance of a standing committee. It has been our endeavour to develop a book without errors but improvement is a continuous process. In human efforts there is always a scope for improvement. Therefore suggestions are invited for improving the book. Commissioner Rajya Siksha Kendra, Bhopal (iv) About the Book Social Science is a very interesting subject as it is related to our social environment. But the teaching of it is very generalized. This also affects the desired results. Therefore while teaching, realistic picturisation of subject matter is very important. Keeping the above fact in mind an effort has been made to incorporate the subject matters of Environment, Geography, History, Political Science and Economics in an interesting manner. The following efforts have been made in the book - u The contents and skills related to the chapters have been given under the heading of ‘We will study’ in the beginning. This will help the teachers while teaching and evaluation. u The book has been made in two colours and important information has been shown in bold and Boxes. u Maximum efforts to provide information through graphs, pictures and maps have been made. u Colourful maps have been given which will make the subject interesting and learning easy. This will also help in developing skills and understanding. u Different words have been given in the end so that an understanding of the definition of words develops in the students. u Exercises towards the end of the lessons have been given to develop the writing skills, self thinking, relating facts with each other developing the skill of drawing conclusions, and the ability to express informations. Very short questions, short questions and long questions and map work has been included for the same. Objective type questions have been included so that children get familiarized with the pattern of competitive exam. In the exercises, knowledge understanding, application and skill based questions have been included which will help in the correct evaluation of the level of students learning. u Project work has been included in the activities which will help in developing the potential of the child. Besides students will also learn to relate with surrounding environment and daily life and acquire knowledge. Writers (v) Syllabus SOCIAL SCIENCE Class-10 01. Indian Resources Type of Resources : Natural resources - Soil formation, types and distribution, soil conservation. Water Resource - Types, Sources, Distribution, Use, Protection & Conservation. Forest and Wild Life : Forest types, utility, vegitation wild animals and their conservation endangered animals. Agriculature - Main crops, contribution of Agriculture in National Economy, Herbal. Medicine and Horticulture Farms, their utility and conservation. Mineral Resource - Types, Distribution, Use, Conservation and Economic importance. Power Resource - Types : Conventional & Non-Conventional, Distribution, Utilisation & Conservation. 02. Industry : Types, Description of Special Industries, Contribution of Industries to National Economy, Industrial Pollution and efforts for solution 03 Transport, Communication and Foreign Trade : Transport - Utility and types - Railways, Roadways, Airways, Waterways, Pipeline, Ports & Harbours. Communication, Importance of Communication in modern days, Means of Communication. Contribution of foreign Trade to Indian Economy, Imports and Exports. 04 Disaster Management : Natural Calamities - Drought, Flood, Earthquake, Landslides, Tsunami. Man Made Calamities - Nucleic, Biotic and Chemical, Bomb Blast. General Calamities - Precautions and Security 05 Maps - Reading and Marking 06 First struggle of Freedom and after - First struggle for Freedom of 1857. Introduction of important revolutionaries,