Bilberry Fruit Extract Laboratory Guidance Document
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The Original Bilberry Extract
® The original bilberry extract. These statements may not comply with your country’s laws and regulations or with Reg. EC n. 1924/2006 and have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Marketers of finished products containing this ingredient are responsible for ensuring compliance with the applicable legal framework. C90 M70 Y0 K0 NERO 100% 1. Indena: beyond quality, naturally There is a substantial amount of evidence supporting the strong connection between health and nutrition. Life expectancy is continuously increasing together with a higher attention to quality, this becoming a key factor for both consumers and the food industry. 2 Consumers are more and more aware of what is contained in food, they look for safe and effective ingredients and the presence of available evidence supporting new ingredients offered in terms of benefi ts and safety of their dietary supplementation may heavily infl uence their buying decision. On the other hand, the food industry is expected to meet consumer demands, bringing to the market safe and effective products containing safe and certifi ed ingredients. Natural products in various forms have been used all over the world since time immemorial for the treatment of pathological conditions or for health 1 benefi ts. Plants represent a rich source of new active principles and 1 Bombardelli E., Bombardelli V., botanical extracts can be used in different markets including health Twenty years experience in the foods and supplements. The overall quality is essential, together with botanical health food market, Fitoterapia 76, 495-507, 2006. -
Blueberry Scorch Virus Identification
Blueberry Scorch Virus A BC Small-Scale Farmer’s IPM Guide- Guide series, March 2021 Blueberry scorch is an aphid-vectored virus that is spread through and between fields by winged aphids. Infected plants will generally become symptomatic the year after infection, and die within two to three years. Plants may appear healthy in the spring each year, but symptoms usually start to show during bloom. Different varieties manifest different symptoms, with Bluecrop having the least obvious symptoms. This manual contains integrated pest management (IPM) guidelines geared towards small-scale production, but they are applicable to any operation wanting to improve pest identification, monitoring and management. Identification Description of symptoms • Blossoms and leaves wilt and then turn brown/orange/black. • Stems around wilted areas initially remain green (contrary to bacterial stem blight), but some blueberry varieties will show dark stem blighting. • Some leaves will yellow around leaf margins. • Symptoms may only appear on one or two branches even though the whole bush is still infected with virus. • Some infected bushes may not show any of the wilting/blighting symptoms. They may only appear off- colour or have fewer flower clusters than neighbouring healthy bushes – this is more common in Bluecrop. Scorch vs shock virus • Visual scorch virus symptoms are almost identical to shock virus, which is vectored by pollen. A lab test is required to differentiate between these two viruses. • Scorch virus will eventually kill the plants, whereas plants will recover from shock virus. Blueberry Scorch Virus IPM Guide 1 The vector - aphids • Aphids can be many colours, including black, green, orange, and brown. -
Phytochemicals from the Roots of Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum)
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2013 Phytochemicals from the Roots of Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum) Amanda Cirello University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Cirello, Amanda, "Phytochemicals from the Roots of Northern Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium Corymbosum)" (2013). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 716. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/716 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM THE ROOTS OF NORTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY ( VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM ) BY AMANDA CIRELLO A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2013 MASTER OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES THESIS OF AMANDA CIRELLO APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor Navindra Seeram David Worthen Joanna Norris Clinton Chichester Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2013 ABSTRACT Growing evidence from many in vitro studies suggest that plants produce secondary metabolites which may have potential physiological properties. The northern highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plant is commercially cultivated for its valuable dark-blue fruit, which has been extensively researched and has been shown to contain phenolic compounds recognized to have positive health benefits. Thus, an evaluation of other parts of the plant, that as of yet have not been investigated, could be worthwhile. -
Huckleberry Picking at Priest Lake
HUCKLEBERRY (Vaccinium Membranaceum) USDA Forest Service Other Common Names Northern Region Blueberry, Big Whortleberry, Black Idaho Panhandle Huckleberry, Bilberry. National Forests Description: The huckleberry is a low erect shrub, ranging from 1-5' tall. The flowers are shaped like tiny pink or white urns, which blossom in June and July, depending on elevation. The leaves are short, elliptical and alter- native on the stems. The bush turns brilliant red and sheds its leaves in the fall. The stem bark is reddish (often yellowish-green in shaded sites). The shape of the berry varies The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from round to oval and the color var- prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis ies from purplish black to wine- of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disa- colored red. Some species have a bility, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. dusky blue covering called bloom. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Per- The berries taste sweet and tart, in sons with disabilities who require alternative means the same proportions. of communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's Ripening Season: July-August TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). Early in the season, by mid-July, the berries on sunny southern facing To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, Huckleberry slopes and lower elevations are first U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC to ripen. They are most succulent in 20250, or call 1-800-795-3272 (voice) or 202-720- mid-summer. However, good pick- 6382 (TDD). -
Vaccinium Macrocarpon Ait. Family: Ericaceae
Cultivation Notes No. 54 THE RHODE ISLAND WILD PLANT SOCIETY Winter 2011 Cranberry – Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Family: Ericaceae Cranberry: a Native Jewel By Linda Lapin Cranberries are indispensable for the winter holidays. Tradition brings them to our holiday turkey dinners, and who doesn't have a linen table cloth with at least a little red stain on it from a wayward serving of cranberry sauce? This Rhode Island native berry may be a little smaller than the commercially grown cranberry varieties but is just as tasty when used in sauces, jellies, sweet breads, pies and stuffings. Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, grows wild in Rhode Island. Its native range extends from the East Coast to the Central U. S. and Canada, and from Southern Canada in the north to the Appalachians in the south. It is usually found in acid bogs growing in sphagnum along with other ericaceae such as highbush blueberry and black huckleberry. It grows in company with sheep laurel, leatherleaf, pitcher plants, sundews, and saplings of white cedar and red maple. Look for it in the Great Swamp or Diamond Bog. Cranberry was once called crane berry, because the flower resembles the look of a crane’s head and neck with a long sharp beak. Cranes were also observed wading the bogs gobbling up the berries. Other common names are black cranberry, low cranberry, trailing swamp cranberry, bear berry, and bounce berry. (Cranberries really are the best bouncing fruit I know.) A related species is small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), which is even smaller and cuter. The plant is a low-growing, evergreen perennial with trailing, wiry stems. -
Vaccinium Oxycoccos L
Plant Guide these fruits in their food economy (Waterman 1920). SMALL CRANBERRY Small cranberries were gathered wild in England and Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Scotland and made into tarts, marmalade, jelly, jam, Plant Symbol = VAOX and added to puddings and pies (Eastwood 1856). Many colonists were already familiar with this fruit Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data in Great Britain before finding it in North America. Team, Greensboro, NC The small cranberry helped stock the larder of English and American ships, fed trappers in remote regions, and pleased the palates of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations across the United States (Lewis and Clark 1965). The Chinook, for example, traded dried cranberries with the English vessel Ruby in 1795 and at Thanksgiving in 1805 Lewis and Clark dined on venison, ducks, geese, and small cranberry sauce from fruit brought by Chinook women (McDonald 1966; Lewis and Clark 1965). Because the small cranberry can grow in association with large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in the Great Lakes region, northeastern USA and southeastern Canada (Boniello 1993; Roger Latham pers. comm. 2009) it is possible that the Pilgrims of Plymouth were introduced to both edible Small cranberries growing in a bog on the western Olympic species by the Wampanoag. Peninsula, Washington. Photograph by Jacilee Wray, 2006. The berries are still gathered today in the United Alternate Names States, Canada, and Europe (Himelrick 2005). The Bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, wild cranberry Makah, Quinault, and Quileute of the Olympic Peninsula still gather them every fall and non-Indians Uses from early settler families still gather them (Anderson Said to have a superior flavor to the cultivated 2009). -
What to Eat on the Autoimmune Protocol
WHAT TO EAT ON THE AUTOIMMUNE PROTOCOL All the foods listed here are great to include in your It’s time to create an epidemic of - health. And it starts with learning ents that will help regulate your immune system and how to eat more nutrient-dense food. your hormones and provide the building blocks that your body needs to heal. You don’t need to eat all of these foods (it’s okay if snails, frog legs, and crickets aren’t your thing, and it’s okay if you just can’t get kangaroo meat or mizuna), but the idea is both to give Poultry innovative ways to increase variety and nutrient density • chicken • grouse • pigeon by exploring new foods. • dove • guinea hen • quail • duck • ostrich • turkey • emu • partridge (essentially, Red Meat • goose • pheasant any bird) • antelope • deer • mutton • bear • elk • pork • beaver • goat • rabbit • beef • hare • sea lion • • horse • seal • boar • kangaroo • whale • camel • lamb (essentially, • caribou • moose any mammal) Amphibians and Reptiles • crocodile • frog • snake • turtle 1 22 Fish* Shellfish • anchovy • gar • • abalone • limpet • scallop • Arctic char • haddock • salmon • clam • lobster • shrimp • Atlantic • hake • sardine • cockle • mussel • snail croaker • halibut • shad • conch • octopus • squid • barcheek • herring • shark • crab • oyster • whelk goby • John Dory • sheepshead • • periwinkle • bass • king • silverside • • prawn • bonito mackerel • smelt • bream • lamprey • snakehead • brill • ling • snapper • brisling • loach • sole • carp • mackerel • • • mahi mahi • tarpon • cod • marlin • tilapia • common dab • • • conger • minnow • trout • crappie • • tub gurnard • croaker • mullet • tuna • drum • pandora • turbot Other Seafood • eel • perch • walleye • anemone • sea squirt • fera • plaice • whiting • caviar/roe • sea urchin • • pollock • • *See page 387 for Selenium Health Benet Values. -
CASCADE BILBERRY Decorated with Bear Grass and Bitter Cherry Bark
Plant Guide baskets include "Klikitat baskets" of cedar root CASCADE BILBERRY decorated with bear grass and bitter cherry bark. Each family would harvest and store approximately Vaccinium deliciosum Piper four or five pecks (ca. four to five gallons) of dried Plant Symbol = VADE berries for winter use (Perkins n.d. (1838-43), Book 1:10). Hunn (1990) estimates that there were 28-42 Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data huckleberry harvest days in a year. This resulted in a Center & Oregon Plant Materials Center total annual harvest of 63.9-80.2 kg/woman/year from the Tenino-Wishram area, and 90 kg/woman/year from the Umatilla area. The net result was a huckleberry harvest yield of 31 kcal/person/day in the Tenino-Wishram area and 42 kcal/person/day for the Umatilla area (Hunn 1981: 130-131). Vaccinium species contain 622 Kcal per 100 gm huckleberries, with 15.3 gm carbohydrate, 0.5 gm fat, 0.7 gm protein and 83.2 gm water (Hunn 1981:130-131). In the fall, after the harvest, it was common for the Sahaptin to burn these areas to create favorable habitat (Henry Lewis 1973, 1977). Fire creates sunny openings in the forest and edges that foster the rapid spread of nutritious herbs and shrubs that favors the huckleberries (Minore 1972:68). The leaves and berries are high in vitamin C. The Jeanne Russell Janish leaves and finely chopped stems contain quinic acid, Used with permission of the publishers © Stanford University a former therapeutic for gout said to inhibit uric acid Abrams & Ferris (1960) formation but never widely used because of mixed clinical results. -
Gaylussacia Vaccinium
Contents Table des matières The Canadian Botanical The first Recipient of the 2005 Undergraduate Botanical Association Bulletin Presentation Regional Award / Première remise d’un prix régional pour la meilleure communication étudiante de premier cycle page 13 Bulletin de l’Association Editor’s Message / Message du rédacteur page 14 botanique du Canada May/ Mai 200 5 • Volume 38 No. / No 2 The first Recipient of the 2005 Undergraduate Botanical PhD Opportunities page 14 Presentation Regional Award Jessie Carviel, student at McMaster University, received this CBA award for the best student paper presented at the 2005 Biology Day in Sudbury, ON, Canada. Paper / Article Miss Carviel is representing the Ontario Region for this contest. The Undergraduate Botanical Presentation Award was created in 2003 by the CBA to encourage undergraduate students to pursue graduate research in botany and to enhance the visibility of the Association. The program offers annually one award of $200.00 for one of the undergraduate conferences/meetings in Biology for each of the five (5) regions of Canada: Atlantic region, Qué bec, Ontario, Prairies and Territories, and British Columbia. Première remise d’un prix ré gional pour la meilleure Poorly Known Economic communicationé tudiante de premier cycle Plants of Canada - 45. Eastern huckleberries Jessie Carviel, étudiante à l’université McMaster, a reçu ce prix de l’ABC pour (Gaylussacia spp.) une présentation faite lors de la Journée de biologie 2005 qui s’est déroulée à and western huckleberries Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. (Vaccinium spp.). E. Small and P.M. Catling Le prix de la meilleure communication étudiante de premier cycle a été créé en pages 15-23 2003 par l’ABC pour inciter les étudiant(e)s à poursuivre leurs études en botanique et pour améliorer la visibilité de l'Association. -
Biocidin Throat Spray – Scientific Validation of Ingredients
Biocidin Throat Spray – Scientific Validation of Ingredients Bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus) Medicinal Actions: Antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, urinary antiseptic.1-3 Scientific Evidence: Bilberry is rich in phenolic compounds which possess bacteriostatic and antimicrobial properties.4 This herb is renowned for its exceptionally high levels of anthocyanins, which are responsible for bilberry’s diverse antioxidant effects.5,6 As a natural antiinflammatory agents, bilberry polyphenols help reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-Kβ) activation.7 Based on in vitro research, bilberry possesses antiadhesive and antimicrobial properties against the respiratory-associated pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis.8 Bilberry extract may also help protect against dental plaque by inhibiting biofilm formation of common oral bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces naeslundii.9 In vitro trials also show that bilberry is able to inhibit the replication of several respiratory viruses including coxsackie virus B1 (CV-B1), human respiratory syncytial virus A2 (HRSV-A2) and influenza virus A/H3N2.10 Safety Summary: Considered safe at the recommended dose.1 No adverse effects expected during pregnancy and breastfeeding.2 Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Medicinal Actions: Antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant.3,11 Scientific Evidence: To date, over 160 different phytochemical compounds have been identified in the noni plant. The major secondary metabolites include phenolic compounds, organic acids and alkaloids which give rise to noni’s potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.11 In vitro research has shown that noni is highly effective at inhibiting hydroxyl radicals which are known to cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).11 Noni has also been shown to decrease nitric oxide production. -
Inventory for Fens and Associated Rare Plants on Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
Inventory for fens and associated rare plants on Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Looking west over cloud-enshrouded upper portion of the 9020-310 wetland/fen, Snoqualmie Ranger District. Elev. = 3140 ft. Rick Dewey Deschutes National Forest March 2017 1 Berries of the fen-loving, bog huckleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) at Government Meadow. Note the persistent sepals characteristic of this species. Government Meadow is the only project site at which V. uliginosum was detected. Acknowledgements This project was funded by a USFS R6 ISSSSP grant spanning 2016-2017. Thanks to Kevin James, MBS NF Ecology and Botany Program Manager, and Shauna Hee, North Zone (Mt. Baker and Darrington Districts) MBS NF Botanist. Special thanks to James for facilitation during the period of fieldwork, including spending a field day with the project lead at the 7080 rd. wetland and at Government Meadow. Thanks also to Sonny Paz, Snoqualmie District Wildlife Biologist, for a day of assistance with fieldwork at Government Meadow, and to the Carex Working Group for assistance in the identification of Carex flava at the Headwaters of Cascade Creek wetland. 2 Summary Sites on Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie NF that were reasonably suspected to include groundwater-fed wetlands (fens) were visited between 8/15-9/28 2006. The intent of these visits was to inventory for rare plants associated with these wetlands, and to record a coarse biophysical description of the setting. Twelve of the 18 sites visited were determined in include notable amounts of fen habitat. Five rare target species and two otherwise notable rare species accounting for eight distinct occurrences/populations at six wetlands were detected during site visits. -
Vaccinium Virgatum 'Premier'
Next generation sequencing of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum ‘Premier’) and transcriptome comparisons to blueberry genomic resources Tim Rinehart 810 Highway 26 West [email protected] USDA-ARS, Southern Horticultural Laboratory Poplarville, MS 39470 228-224-2666 Abstract Tissues that were collected from Vaccinium virgatum ‘Premier’ for transcriptome analyses. Vaccinium virgatum (syn V. ashei) is commonly known as rabbiteye blueberry and native to the Southeastern United States. Cultivars are typically grown from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas for commercial blueberry production. In the Southeast, plants exhibit superior environmental tolerance and have fewer disease and insect concerns that highbush varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum), although some southern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum x Vaccinium darrowii ) include V. virgatum in their genetic backgrounds. Extensive genomic work has been done on V. corymbosum, both diploid and tetraploid, but not much has been done with V. virgatum, which is hexaploid. Our study included five V. virgatum cultivars; TifBlue, Climax, PowderBlue, Austin, and Premier. Tissues were collected and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen from clonally propagated plants for each cultivar at multiple developmental stages including buds, berries, leaves, and roots. Tissue was also collected from root and leaves roots during drought treatments. First sequencing results were produced for several growth stages of ‘Premier’ using Nextera Total RNA kit and Illumina MiSeq instruments. Transcriptomes were compared to existing genomic resources for highbush. Rabbiteye Blueberry Breeding started by George Darrow in the 1930s for Vaccinium virgatum blueberry production in the southeast. Cultivars show V. ashei RNAseq Ann Loraine syn. improved heat, drought, poor soil tolerance and disease Can we use the diploid V.