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Eachtra Journal Eachtra Journal Issue 10 [ISSN 2009-2237] Archaeological Excavation Report E3973 - Gortore 2, Co. Cork Post-medieval Ditches and Linear Features EACHTRA Archaeological Projects Archaeological Excavation Report Post-medieval Ditches and Linear Features Gortore 2 Co Cork May 2011 Client: Cork County Council Project: N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown E No: E3973 Excavation Director: John Tierney Written by: John Tierney, Debbie Leigh and Penny Johnston Archaeological Excavation Report Post-medieval Ditches and Linear Features Gortore 2 Co Cork Excavation Director John Tierney Written By John Tierney, Debbie Leigh and Penny Johnston EACHTRA Archaeological Projects CORK GALWAY The Forge, Innishannon, Co. Cork Unit 10, Kilkerrin Park, Liosbain Industrial Estate, Galway tel: 021 4701616 | web: www.eachtra.ie | email: [email protected] tel: 091 763673 | web: www.eachtra.ie | email: [email protected] © Eachtra Archaeological Projects 2011 The Forge, Innishannon, Co Cork Printed in Ireland Table of Contents Summary���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Acknowledgements������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ iv 1 Scopeoftheproject�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2 Routelocation��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 3 Receivingenvironment��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 4 Archaeologicalandhistoricalbackground��������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Early medieval period (c. AD 500 to 1100) �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 High and later medieval periods (c. AD 1100 to 1650) ����������������������������������������������������������������7 Post-medieval period (c. 1650 to the present). ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 5 SiteLocationandTopography�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 6 Excavationmethodology������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8 7 Excavationresults������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10 8 Discussion�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 9 References�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Appendix1 StratigraphicIndex�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Appendix2 SiteMatrix�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 Appendix3 Groupsandsubgroups������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 i List of Figures Figure1: TherouteoftheN8FermoytoMitchelstownBypassoverlainontheOrdnance SurveyDiscoverySeriesmap���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 Figure2: TherouteoftheN8FermoytoMitchelstownBypassoverlainonthefirstedition OrdnanceSurveymapCO019,020,027and028��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Figure3: TherouteoftheN8FermoytoMitchelstownBypassoverlainontheRMPmap CO019, 020, 027 and 028� The map is based on the second edition Ordnance Surveymaps������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 6 Figure4: Post-excavationplanofGortore2E3973������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 Figure5: South-facing section through ditches C�25, C�29 and C�31, showing how C�25 truncatedtheothertwoditches�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 List of Plates Plate1: Sectionoftheditch(C�5),fromtheeast������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 Plate2: Sectionoftheditch(C�5),fromthenorth-east�����������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Plate3: Sectionoftheditch(C�5),fromtheeast������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Plate4: Sectionoftheditch(C�5),fromthesouth���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Plate5: AerialviewofGortore2,showingthecurvilinearditch(C�5)andtheremaining linearditchesandfurrows��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Plate6: Sectionshowingtherelationshipbetweentheditches(C�15andC�17),fromthe south�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Plate7: Sectionoftheditch(C�19),fromtheeast�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 List of Tables Table1:DitchesexcavatedatGortore2������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 Table2:FurrowsatGortore2��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 ii Gortore 2-e3973 http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e3973-gortore2-co-cork/ Summary The site at Gortore 2 was discovered during Phase 2 geophysical testing when a possible ditched enclosure was identified. The excavated site comprised as series of ditches, linear features and furrows that were probably post-medieval in date. Road project name N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown Bypass Site name Gortore 2 Ministerial Order no. AO40 E no. E3973 Site director John Tierney Townland Gortore Parish Kilcrumper Barony Fermoy OS Map Sheet No. CO27 National Grid Reference 181741 101458 iii iSSUe 10: eachtra JoUrnal - iSSn 2009-2237 archaeoloGical excavation report Acknowledgements The senior archaeologist was John Tierney and the post-excavation managers were Penny Johnston and Jacinta Kiely. Administration of the project was by Choryna Kiely and Fiona Greene. Illustrations are by Ben Blakeman and Maurizio Toscano. Photographs are by John Sunderland, Hawkeye and Eachtra Archaeological Projects. The project was funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007-2013 and was commissioned by Cork County Council on behalf of the National Roads Authority. The project archaeologist was Ken Hanley. iv Gortore 2-e3973 http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e3973-gortore2-co-cork/ 1 Scope of the project The archaeological works associated with the N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown Bypass was carried out on behalf of Cork County Council, National Road Design Office, Rich- mond, Glanmire, Co. Cork. The project was funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007-2013. The total archaeological cost was administered by the National Roads Authority through Cork County Council as part of the Author- ity’s commitment to protecting our cultural heritage. The purpose of the archaeological services project was to conduct archaeological site investigations within the lands made available, to assess the nature and extent of any potential new sites uncovered and to preserve by record those sites of agreed archaeological significance, as approved by the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government in consultation with the National Museum of Ireland. Phase 1 of the project (archaeological testing of the route) was carried out in October 2005 under licence 05E1150 issued by Department of the Environment Heritage and Lo- cal Government (DoEHLG). The principal aim of this phase of the project was to test for any previously unknown sites by a programme of centreline and offset testing and to test sites of archaeological potential identified in the EIS and geophysical surveying. Five Cul- tural Heritage Sites were tested under individual excavation licences 05E1122-05E1126. Phase 2 of the project (resolution) involved the resolution of all archaeological sites identified within the proposed road corridor prior to commencement of the construction of the bypass. This phase of the project was carried out from September 2006 to Septem- ber 2007 and excavations were conducted under the management of a Senior Archaeolo- gist. A total of 28 sites were excavated during this phase of works under separate licences issued by DoEHLG. A post-excavation assessment and strategy document was prepared in Phase 3 of the project to present a management strategy for dealing with post-excavation work arising from archaeological works along the route of the new N8 Fermoy to Mitchelstown By- pass. It included a proposal for post-excavation and archiving work and a budget for the works. The document detailed the location of the route, the receiving environment, the archaeological and historical background, the scope of the project and the circumstances and scope of fieldwork. The document presented a scheme-wide summary of the archaeo- logical findings, a research framework within
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