VCH • Texts in Progress • (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 1

VCH Oxfordshire Texts in Progress Shiplake Social History

Shiplake was long characterized by a predominantly farming population scattered amongst numerous small pockets of settlement. As late as 1805 it was noted that ‘no villages or hamlets...distinctly mark different parts of the parish’,1 and even the church probably served as a focal point more for those living in the east of the parish than the west.2 Divided landownership prevented the emergence of a ‘closed’ parish, but craft and retail activity remained limited, and in the 1750s the vicar described Shiplake itself as ‘remote from business and diversions of the world’.3 That changed from the 19th century, however, with affluent incomers attracted by picturesque scenery4 and good transport links to , especially after the opening of Shiplake station in 1857. Lords and landowners were periodically resident from the Middle Ages onwards, supplemented by wealthy and sometimes aristocratic tenants particularly at Crowsley Park, Holmwood (in Shiplake Row), and Shiplake Court.

SOCIAL CHARACTER AND THE LIFE OF THE COMMUNITY

The Middle Ages

Shiplake’s medieval population included resident lords and a variety of free and villein tenants. Lords’ power over the unfree is reflected in Muriel Langetot’s and her son Geoffrey Dunstanville’s grants of villeins to Missenden abbey c.1200,5 and by Geoffrey’s proprietorial distinction between free men and ‘my rustics’ (rustici mei).6 Nonetheless lordly control was probably restricted by the parish’s scattered settlement, the presence of substantial numbers of freemen,7 and (in the 13th century) by disputed lordship.8 Free tenants and villeins shared agrarian resources, and were probably often of similar wealth; the more substantial had a stake in land management, and in an early 13th-century agreement about pasture rights

1 OHC, MS Oxf. Dioc. d. 569, f. 75. 2 Below, relig. hist. 3 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 323. 4 e.g. The Times, 3 July 1820; Gardner’s Dir. Oxon. (1852 edn), 713; PO Dir. Oxon. (1854 edn), 595. 5 Cart. Missenden Abbey, III, nos. 671, 673–4, 691. 6 TNA, E 210/3096. 7 e.g. Cart. Missenden Abbey, III, nos. 673, 677–8, 690, 692; Oxon. Eyre 1241, no. 447; E 210/3070. 8 Above, manors.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 2 were described as ‘the good men of Shiplake’.9 Local deeds indicate regular contact with surrounding settlements, notably Harpsden and Dunsden.10 By 1316 Shiplake had ten or more taxpayers compared to Lashbrook’s four, and was substantially wealthier, the Lashbrook men each paying 2s. or less, and those from Shiplake mostly between 2s. 2d. and 6s.11 Willam at Fryth paid more than 13s., similar to Shiplake’s lord Roger Englefield; possibly he was of unfree stock, since an assart called ‘Frith’ was held by a villein in the 1230s.12 Both settlements must have had poorer tenants who did not pay tax, some of them presumably descendants of the bordars and slaves mentioned in 1086.13 Violence between inhabitants is documented occasionally.14 In the late Middle Ages long-resident lords such as John Englefield’s widow Isabel and her husband Sir Thomas Prior may have exercised substantial influence,15 but like their predecessors they had no monopoly on landholding, and as elsewhere the 14th and 15th centuries saw a high turnover of population, with none of the families named as taxpayers in 1316 recurring in 1515.16 In the early 16th century John Symese, possibly a demesne lessee, was by far the wealthiest Shiplake taxpayer, paying £1 compared to 14 others paying between 1s. and 3s.;17 probably he is identifiable with John Symondes, who is commemorated (with his family) on a brass of c.1540 in the church.18 Several other early 16th-century taxpayers came from families which remained in the parish long afterwards, amongst them the Thornes and Wheelers. c.1530–1800

From the mid 16th to later 17th century Shiplake was held by mainly non-resident lords including the Crown, their local impact reduced further by the continuing presence of numerous small freeholders.19 Exceptions included owners of the then fairly small Crowsley estate, and the Elmes family as lords of Lashbrook, who lived mainly at Bolney in neighbouring Harpsden parish.20 Another gentry presence was the Catholic Plowden family, lessees (and later owners) of Shiplake Court, who with their relatives were commemorated

9 Ibid. no. 680 (ceteros probos homines de Siplake). 10 e.g. Cart. Missenden Abbey, III, nos. 677, 680; Cat. Ancient Deeds, II, B 360; B 3267; C 1595. 11 TNA, E 179/161/8, rot. 7, m. 1d. 12 Above, econ. hist. 13 VCH Oxon. I, 410. 14 Oxon. Eyre 1241, nos. 783–4. 15 For Isabel: TNA, E 210/9960; E 210/6657; ibid. DL 25/1648. 16 TNA, E 179/161/8, rot. 7, m. 1d; E 179/161/156. 17 Ibid. E 179/161/156. 18 Pevsner, Oxon. 756. 19 OHC, QSD/L/239. 20 Par. Colln, III, 255–6.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 3 by memorials in the parish church. From the 1690s to the late 18th century their successors the Jenningses also had family members in the parish. The Heywoods and Wrights, lords of the combined Shiplake and Lashbrook estates, resided intermittently at Crowsley Park from the 1740s, though for much of the 18th century the house was let to wealthy tenants including the earl of Effingham (1730s), Lord Dungannon (early 1740s), the earl of Uxbridge (1760s), George Tufnell (early 1770s), Alexander Cotton (1779–82), and Elisha Bliscoe (1783–90), who lived subsequently at Shiplake Court.21 All such landowners and gentry had wide social and business contacts including in London,22 and as elsewhere many of them spent a good deal of time hunting and shooting.23 Their engagement with local affairs varied greatly. In the hard winter of 1783–4 Bliscoe, Susannah Jennings, Timothy Earle (tenant of Shiplake Court), Mrs Fanshawe (of Holmwood) and other local worthies made voluntary subscriptions towards the ‘relief of the poor and distressed’,24 whereas the earl of Uxbridge lived apparently as a virtual recluse: according to the vicar ‘he never comes to church, or visits any nobleman or gentleman in the neighbourhood’, nor did he give any money to local causes. Instead he associated with his horses, of which he had more than 400, chosen by colour and ‘pampered and kept in idleness’.25 Below the gentry was a group of small to medium farmers. At the top of the spectrum were the tenants of Shiplake and Lashbrook farms and longstanding yeoman families such as the Fowlers, Hesters, Hunts, Jemmotts and Kents, some of whom rose to gentry status.26 The more substantial served as churchwardens and took a leading part in parish government,27 while some had their own seats in church,28 and a number had sufficient freehold property to qualify as voters: in 1690 a majority of farmers voted for the Whigs, while the lord Robert Jennings and his son James voted Tory.29 Most Shiplake yeomen were more modestly wealthy, however, their probate valuations generally under £200 in the 17th century, and their assets largely tied up in produce and livestock.30 The social hierarchy remained fluid, and family fortunes could change rapidly. In the 1680s John Thorne, tenant of Lashbrook farm and (according to his landlord) ‘an idle fellow’, defaulted on his rent and

21 For Bliscoe: Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 343, 350–1; MERL, MS 145/EN 1/2/81. 22 e.g. TNA, PROB 11/106/158 (John Mochett of Crowsley Park, 1604); Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 343–4; E.J. Climenson (ed.), Passages from the Diaries of Mrs Philip Lybbe Powys of Hardwick House, Oxon. AD 1756 to 1808 (1899), 235. 23 e.g. Climenson, ‘The Shiplake Virtuoso’, 51; Oxf. Jnl Syn. 2 Oct. 1790. 24 OHC, PAR234/5/F1/3, f. 265v. 25 Ibid. MS Oxf. Dioc. d. 560, f. 37. 26 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 190, 194; Gibson, Oxon. Contribs 1661, 14; OHC, Shiplake wills and inventories. In 1676 Walter Jemmott’s inventory was appraised at £430 7s.: OHC, MS Wills Oxon. 37/5/16. 27 e.g. OHC, PAR234/5/F1/1–2. 28 Ibid. MS Wills. Oxon. 37/1/33 (Joan Jemmott, 1592). 29 Gibson (ed.), 1690 Poll, 48. 30 OHC, Shiplake wills and inventories.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 4 was eventually evicted,31 while in the 1760s the farmer John Hunt became insolvent and had to work as ‘a common labourer’.32 Husbandmen, some from long-resident families, lived in similar-sized houses to their slightly wealthier counterparts, and in the 1660s most of the parish’s houses had between one and three hearths.33 Cottagers were poor but benefited from low rents for their houses, which included gardens and orchards and of which many stood on waste ground.34

The Jennings memorial in Shiplake church.

Inhabitants had regular contact with surrounding settlements including neighbouring Wargrave (in ),35 and sometimes with places further afield. Several better-off families owned or rented houses in Henley,36 possibly to take advantage of commercial opportunities there. Sixteenth- and early 17th-century immigrants came from nearby places such as Harpsden and, in Berkshire, and Englefield, as well as from further away (including Gloucestershire).37 Social activities in the parish included bell-ringing (rewarded with beer),38 not least on various national anniversaries, which were accompanied by festivities.39 Alehouses existed by the 18th century and probably much earlier,40 and in 1723 a Whitsun sport was held to raise funds for rebuilding a gallery in the church.41 Outside events impinged occasionally, as in 1688–9 when soldiers were quartered in the parish.42

31 Bodl., MS Top. Oxon. c. 335, f. 4; above, econ. hist. 32 OHC, MS Oxf. Dioc. d. 560, f. 39v. 33 Hearth Tax Oxon. 15–16. 34 OHC, Clayton I/16; Bodl. MS Top. Oxon b 166; MSS Ch. Oxon 3177–86. 35 TNA, PROB11/127/204; PROB 11/154/312. 36 OHC, MS Wills Oxon. 30/2/20; TNA, PROB11/137/231. 37 Oxf. Ch. Ct Deposns 1570–4, p. 52; 1589–93, p. 35; 1616–22, p. 61. 38 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 384–8. 39 OHC, PAR234/4/F1/1. 40 Above, econ. hist. 41 OHC, PAR234/1/R1/2, f. 112. 42 Bodl. MS Top. Oxon. c. 335, f. 17.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 5

Since 1800

In the early 19th century Shiplake remained a mainly agricultural parish with a handful of gentry and more than a dozen farming families, alongside smallholders, labourers, and a few craftsmen. Inclosure of the open fields in 1837 and of wastes in 1867 reduced labourers’ means, and from mid-century agricultural holdings came to be concentrated in fewer hands, although craft employment expanded.43 In 1841 the richest inhabitants, the Atkyns-Wright family, lived in some state at Crowsley Park, where Mary Atkyns-Wright retained 14 servants and a lodge keeper.44 At the vicarage Arthur Howman had eight servants. Most adult inhabitants in 1861 had still been born in Shiplake or surrounding parishes, the main exception being domestic servants and, to a lesser extent, farmers and farm bailiffs.45 From the late 19th century the parish’s social character began to change, however, the number of private residents rising from six in 1883 to 24 in 1899, 45 in 1903, 82 in 1920, and 93 in 1931.46 The majority were middle-class incomers moving to Lower Shiplake, many of them from outside the area. They were attracted, presumably, by what one estate agent described in 1896 as ‘a highly-favoured social district’.47 Nineteenth-century gentry were closely involved in the civic and social life of neighbouring Henley, and engaged in a range of pursuits including dinner parties, hunting, shooting, and other sports.48 Some invested time and money landscaping the grounds around their houses, notably the Baskervilles at Crowsley Park and Sir Robert Phillimore at Coppid Hall.49 These families and other local worthies such as Lord Mark Kerr (of Holmwood) took a leading role in church life and parish government, including management of the school.50 Part of their energy went to supporting suitable leisure occupations for poorer inhabitants. Shiplake cricket club was formed in 1863, with a subscription rate that the vicar hoped would be lowered,51 presumably to widen its social appeal, while a recreation ground and allotments for the ‘labouring poor’ were established by the inclosure of

43 Above, econ. hist. 44 TNA, HO107/874/8. 45 Ibid. RG9/882. 46 Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1883 and later edns). 47 Sale Cat., Portion of the Crowsley Estate (1896): copy in Henley Library. 48 Morning Chron. 16 Dec. 1823, 7 Dec. 1829 (mtgs of Sir John Cope’s hounds at Shiplake); OHC, E7/J1–2 (diaries of John and Caroline Baskerville); Oxf. Jnl 7 Jan. 1865 (Mrs Baskerville a lady patronesses of Henley Annual County Ball), 15 Feb. 1873 (costume ball at Fawley Court). For John Baskerville’s devotion to shooting: The Spectator, 29 Oct. 1965, p. 30. 49 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 393, 439; Ford, ‘Description of ’, 35. 50 e.g. OHC, PAR234/5/F1/5, ff. 114, 213, 261, 270; OHC, PAR234/13/1/F1/1, f. 1, 48; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 15. 51 The Shiplake Magazine (May 1864): copy in OHC. For the pitch at Coppid Hall: Ford, Description of Binfield Heath, 38.

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1867,52 and a cottage garden society established in 1884 had its annual show in the gardens of one of the big houses.53 Some national events were marked on a grand scale, as in 1887 when funds were raised for a Jubilee dinner held in a tent at Crowsley Park for every parishioner aged over 14 (400 people), followed by games, dancing and fireworks.54 Social life for many parishioners probably revolved around the growing number of pubs,55 however, which by the 1860s hosted friendly society meetings.56 By the 1880s Shiplake was becoming a minor tourist destination as a satellite of Henley. The parish’s eastern part (near the Thames) was popular for fishing, boating and bicycling,57 and Shiplake lock island was used by bathing, camping and picnic parties.58 Weekend anglers came up from London.59 By 1894 there were twenty or more houseboats moored on the river bank near the railway station during the summer, and these proved to be a first step towards the establishment of permanent riverside houses.60 By 1896 the Wargrave regatta closely involved Shiplake people, and soon after it was renamed the Wargrave and Shiplake regatta.61 Attempts were made to capitalize on the resulting business opportunities, albeit on a limited scale: pubs offered accommodation for visitors,62 and in Lower Shiplake a shop, off-licence, refreshment rooms and a couple of boat-hire and repair yards were set up.63 Apartments were offered to holidaymakers, and a temperance hotel was briefly established.64 Tourism continued in the late 1960s, when large numbers of visitors arrived on fine summer weekends, blocking Mill Lane with parked cars.65 There was then a small hotel and restaurant near the station.66 Early 20th-century social life within the parish continued to revolve around pubs, clubs and (especially for the better-off) river and country pursuits, and strong links with Henley and adjacent parishes were maintained. Affluent residents included businessmen and retired military officers, of whom some (like the company director John Makower of Holmwood) served on the parish council, alongside major landowners such as John Baskerville and the Phillimores, farmers such as the Dobles, and, early on, Shiplake’s

52 TNA, MAF 1/525. 53 Oxf. Jnl, 4 Aug. 1900 (hosted by the Misses Phillimore at Shiplake House). 54 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 464. 55 Above, econ. hist. 56 The Shiplake Magazine (June 1864); Oxon. FS, 244–5. 57 Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1883 and 1887 edns). 58 TNA, HO 45/9833/B9697; http://www.wargravehistory.org.uk/oct08.html (accessed 2016). 59 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 417. 60 Ibid. 440; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 7; TNA, RG12/1157 (listing three in 1891). 61 P. Emerton, The Story of Wargrave and Shiplake Regatta (1998), 8–9. 62 Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1883). 63 Ibid. (1895 and later edns); Berks RO, D/EWK/B2/4/48/3; above, econ. hist. 64 Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1899 and later edns). 65 ‘Shiplake: Report on the Survey and Plan’, 5. 66 ‘Shiplake Village Plan Report’, pamphlet (1970) in OHC, p. 4.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 7 vicars.67 Notable community projects were the erection of a war memorial cross in Lower Shiplake in 1921,68 and the building of a large and well-equipped brick hall at Shiplake Cross, designed by the Reading architect Frederick Sainsbury (1925). The hall was paid for by Reginald Mardon JP in memory of his elder son, killed in the First World War,69 and Mardon served also as a regatta vice-president from 1912 to 1939, and as president in 1932.70 In 1927 a branch of the WI was established,71 and in 1929 a playing field and pavilion opened next to the memorial hall on land donated by a former resident (Sir Frederick Eley, Bt).72 There was a strong sense of Binfield Heath as a separate ‘village’, and in 1952 the Phillimores established a recreation ground there for local children.73 The arrival of evacuees during the Second World War put some strain on social relations, partly reflecting a shortage of suitable housing and lack of school accommodation.74 By the 1960s more permanent incomers were arriving from across Britain rather than merely from the surrounding region, and many people worked away from the parish;75 the area’s attractions included its rural setting and proximity to London, and by the early 21st century almost 80 per cent of inhabitants had lived in the parish for fifteen years or fewer.76 Landowners and farmers continued recreational shooting on a reduced scale,77 and polo matches were held at the Coppid Hall polo ground (established in 1992), although despite such affluence the parish remained socially mixed. In 2001 just over 10 per cent of households occupied social housing,78 and the proportion of elderly people also increased, including some living in care homes in Lower Shiplake.79 Some residents felt that community spirit was weakened by the parish’s ‘dormitory’ character and the lack of a village centre, but the village hall remained well used, and in 2013 was modernized at a cost of £450,000.80

67 OHC, PC234/A1/1–4. 68 Ibid. PC234/C1/1–8; PC234/F2/2; Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1924). 69 Shiplake Parish Magazine (Jan. 1925, Nov. 1927, June 1928); Henley Standard, 24 June 1925, 26 Aug. 1927, 30 Sep. 1927, 25 Nov. 1983; Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1931 edn). 70 Emerton, Wargrave and Shiplake Regatta, 84. 71 Shiplake Parish Magazine (Nov. 1927). 72 Henley Standard, 21 June 1929. 73 Scotcher, An English Village in Wartime; Ford, A Description of Binfield Heath, 38; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 9. 74 Scotcher, An English Village in Wartime; A. Law, ‘Shiplake Primary School: A History’ (pamphlet (2010) in OHC). 75 ‘Shiplake: Report on the Survey and Plan’, 2; above, econ. hist. 76 Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 41. 77 Info. from Lord Phillimore and Stephen Doble (Shiplake farm). 78 Census, 2001. 79 Henley Standard, 22 April 2014, 20 Oct. 2014; http://www.housingcare.org/housing-care/facility- info-2419-sidney-harrison-house-shiplake-.aspx (accessed 2016). 80 http://www.shiplakehall.com/history.php (accessed 2016).

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Several pubs also remained, along with numerous age- or interest-related clubs and groups especially in Shiplake.81

Shiplake Memorial Hall in 2016.

The creation of Binfield Heath parish in 2003 reflected and reinforced attempts to build a sense of identity at a more local scale, driven partly by perceptions that Shiplake parish council did not fully represent the interests of those in the west of the parish, not least over planning issues.82 Local groups and events at Binfield Heath increased markedly thereafter, many of them in collaboration with neighbouring Eye and Dunsden.83

EDUCATION, POOR RELIEF AND CHARITIES

In 1808 the parish had three small private schools each with c.20 pupils,84 and though one had closed by 181485 there were three again in 1823.86 In 1818 the poor were said to be

81 Henley Standard, 25 Nov. 1983; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 33, 47, 51. 82 Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 50; http://www.binfieldheath.org.uk (accessed 18.05.16); local info. 83 Binfield Heath Village News (May 2016). 84 OHC, MS Oxf. Dioc. d 707, f. 149. 85 Ibid. d 575, f. 77v. 86 Ibid. d 581, f. 70v. Also in 1838: ibid. b 41, f. 196v.

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‘desirous of possessing the means of education’,87 and in 1847 a National School supported by a voluntary rate was established by the crossroads at the northern edge of Binfield Heath.88 A new and larger school (catering initially for 80 children) was set up at Shiplake Cross in 1871, closer to the majority of the population,89 and in 1892 was enlarged to accommodate 100.90 Reports were mixed, and in the early 20th century there was a focus on ‘vocational’ training in gardening.91 By the 1950s the buildings were in poor repair, and in 1964 they were demolished to make way for a replacement school adjacent.92 That was subsequently enlarged,93 and by 2000 the then voluntary-aided school accommodated 160 children in six classrooms,94 to which a seventh was added shortly afterwards.95 Repeated proposals to build a primary school in Lower Shiplake came to nothing.96 Shiplake College, an independent day and boarding school, was established at Shiplake Court in 1959,97 while a private nursery was opened in Shiplake c.1991. Both continued in 2016, the nursery in Shiplake Memorial Hall.98 Small bequests to the poor were common in the late 16th and 17th century,99 and in the 1680s the parish spent c.£20–30 a year on poor relief, distributed mostly to a dozen or so individuals including four or five widows.100 More than £100 was disbursed by the later 18th century, rising sharply in the 1780s to in excess of £400.101 Medical treatment, food and beer were also distributed, and poor women were supplied with spinning wheels.102 In 1803, 31 adults and their 36 children received permanent relief and 82 people temporary relief,103 representing 31 per cent of the 1801 population; by 1815, 23 adults received permanent relief, and 60 were helped occasionally.104 Annual expenditure during the early 19th century was between £500 and £700, reaching £1,038 by 1834–5.105 In 1861 (by which time primary responsibility had passed to the Henley Poor Law Union) there were eight paupers including

87 Educ. of Poor Digest, p. 729. 88 Gardner’s Dir. Oxon. (1852), 715. 89 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 463. 90 Kelly’s Dir. Oxon. (1895 edn). 91 Law, ‘Shiplake Primary School’; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 14–15. 92 OHC, S234/1/Y1/1–2 and 6. 93 e.g. ibid. S234/1/Y1/3–5 (1966 and 1971); Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 15. 95 Law, ‘Shiplake Primary School’. 96 e.g. OHC, PAR234/5/F1/5, f. 224 (1856); PAR234/3/A1/2, p. 45 (1923). 97 Wells-Furby, Wish and Fulfilment; www.shiplake.org.uk (accessed 2016). 98 Local information. 99 OHC, Shiplake wills. 100 OHC, PAR234/5/F1/1, ff. 1–14v.; Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 293. 101 OHC, PAR234/5/F1/2–3. 102 Climenson, Hist. Shiplake, 387–8. 103 Poor Abstract, 1804, p. 399. 104 Poor Abstract, 1818, p. 353. 105 OHC, PAR234/5/F1/4–5.

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VCH Oxfordshire • Texts in Progress • Shiplake (Sept. 2016) • social history • p. 10 a former agricultural labourer living in a shed at Shiplake Row.106 A parish bread charity, partly lost in the 18th century, was discontinued in 1802,107 but coal and clothing clubs organized by the vicar were established by 1864 and continued in the early 20th century.108 A total of 13 Shiplake charities active in 2016 related mostly to management of local groups or facilities.109 They included the C.B. Phillimore school charity (established in 1895), and the Shiplake, Harpsden, Dunsden and Peppard sick poor fund, set up in 1953 to give Christmas hampers to poorer residents.110

106 TNA, RG9/882. 107 OHC, MS Oxf. Dioc. d. 560, f. 39v; TNA, CHAR 2/222; Rep. Com. Char. (Parl. Papers 1820 (312) iv), pp. 219–20. 108 The Shiplake Magazine (Jan. 1864); OHC, PAR234/13/2/A1/1; PAR234/13/2/A2/1; Doble et al., Binfield Heath, Crowsley, Shiplake Cross, Lower Shiplake Millennium Project, 15. 109 Char. Comm. website (May 2016). 110 Ibid.

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