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Building a Small Horizontal Steam Engine
Building a Small Horizontal Steam Engine The front cylinder head is a pipe cap, THE small engine described in this the exterior of which is turned to pre- article was built by the writer in sent a more pleasing appearance, and his spare time—about an hour a day for drilled and threaded to receive the stuff- four months—and drives the machinery ing box, Fig. 2. The distance between in a small shop. At 40-lb. gauge pres- the edge of the front-end steam port and sure, the engine runs at 150 r.p.m., under the inner side of the cap, when screwed full load, and delivers a little over .4 home, should be much less than that brake horsepower. A cast steam chest, shown, not over ¼ in., for efficiency, and with larger and more direct steam ports, the same at the rear end. When the to reduce condensation losses; less clear- cap has been permanently screwed on ance in the cylinder ends, and larger the cylinder, one side is flattened, as bearing surfaces in several places, would shown, on the shaper or grinder, and the bring the efficiency of the engine up to a steam ports laid out and drilled. It would much higher point than this. In the be a decided advantage to make these writer's case, however, the engine is de- ports as much larger than given as is livering ample power for the purpose to possible, as the efficiency with ½-in. ports which it is applied, and consequently is far below what it might be. -
Modernizing the Opposed-Piston, Two-Stroke Engine For
Modernizing the Opposed-Piston, Two-Stroke Engine 2013-26-0114 for Clean, Efficient Transportation Published on 9th -12 th January 2013, SIAT, India Dr. Gerhard Regner, Laurence Fromm, David Johnson, John Kosz ewnik, Eric Dion, Fabien Redon Achates Power, Inc. Copyright © 2013 SAE International and Copyright@ 2013 SIAT, India ABSTRACT Opposed-piston (OP) engines were once widely used in Over the last eight years, Achates Power has perfected the OP ground and aviation applications and continue to be used engine architecture, demonstrating substantial breakthroughs today on ships. Offering both fuel efficiency and cost benefits in combustion and thermal efficiency after more than 3,300 over conventional, four-stroke engines, the OP architecture hours of dynamometer testing. While these breakthroughs also features size and weight advantages. Despite these will initially benefit the commercial and passenger vehicle advantages, however, historical OP engines have struggled markets—the focus of the company’s current development with emissions and oil consumption. Using modern efforts—the Achates Power OP engine is also a good fit for technology, science and engineering, Achates Power has other applications due to its high thermal efficiency, high overcome these challenges. The result: an opposed-piston, specific power and low heat rejection. two-stroke diesel engine design that provides a step-function improvement in brake thermal efficiency compared to conventional engines while meeting the most stringent, DESIGN ATTRIBUTES mandated emissions -
Four-Stroke Cycle Trunk Piston Type Diesel Engine Diesel-Viertaktmotor Moteur Diesel a Quatre Temps
Europaisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office Office europeenpeen des brevets EP 0 529 935 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) intci.6: F16C 5/00, F02B 75/32 of the grant of the patent: 15.05.1996 Bulletin 1996/20 (21) Application number: 92307594.9 (22) Date of filing: 19.08.1992 (54) Four-stroke cycle trunk piston type diesel engine Diesel-Viertaktmotor Moteur Diesel a quatre temps (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: CH DE DK GB LI DE-A-2 620 910 DE-C- 577 389 DE-U- 9 003 721 US-A-2 057 158 (30) Priority: 29.08.1991 JP 218587/91 US-A-2 410 565 (43) Date of publication of application: • "Bau und Berechnung von 03.03.1993 Bulletin 1993/09 Verbrennungsmotoren" 1983 • "Verbrennungsmotoren Band 1" 1990 (73) Proprietor: THE HANSHIN DIESEL WORKS, LTD. • "Krafte, Momente und deren Ausgleich in der Kobe, Hyogo 650 (JP) Verbrennungskraftmaschine" 1981 • "Motoren Technik Praxis Geschichte" 1982 (72) Inventor: Nakano, Hideaki • "Gestaltungen und Hauptabmessungen der Okubo-cho, Akashi, Hyogo 674 (JP) Verbrennunskraftmaschine" 1979 • Forscher Bericht VDI "Entwicklungsaspekte bei (74) Representative: Rackham, Anthony Charles Grossdieselmotoren" 1985 Lloyd Wise, Tregear & Co., • "The Motor Ship" Feb 1993 Commonwealth House, 1-19 New Oxford Street London WC1A 1LW (GB) DO lO CO O) O) CM LO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice the Patent Office of the Notice of shall be filed in o to European opposition to European patent granted. -
Types and Characteristics of Locomotives Dr. Ahmed A. Khalil Steam Locomotives - Operating Principle
Types and Characteristics of Locomotives Dr. Ahmed A. Khalil Steam Locomotives - Operating Principle: The wheel is connected to the rod by a crank. The rod is connected to the piston rod of the steam cylinder., thereby converting the reciprocating motion of the piston rod generated by steam power into wheel rotation. - Main Parts of a steam locomotive: 1. Tender — Container holding both water for the boiler and combustible fuel such as wood, coal or oil for the fire box. 2. Cab — Compartment from which the engineer and fireman can control the engine and tend the firebox. 3. Whistle — Steam powered whistle, located on top of the boiler and used as a signalling and warning device. 4. Reach rod — Rod linking the reversing actuator in the cab (often a 'johnson bar') to the valve gear. 5. Safety valve — Pressure relief valve to stop the boiler exceeding the operating limit. 6. Generator — Steam powered electric generator to power pumps, head lights etc, on later locomotives. 7. Sand box/Sand dome — Holds sand that can be deposited on the rails to improve traction, especially in wet or icy conditions. 8. Throttle Lever — Controls the opening of the regulator/throttle valve thereby controlling the supply of steam to the cylinders. 9. Steam dome — Collects the steam at the top of the boiler so that it can be fed to the engine via the regulator/throttle valve. 10. Air pump — Provides air pressure for operating the brakes (train air brake system). 11. Smoke box — Collects the hot gas that have passed from the firebox and through the boiler tubes. -
Crosshead Bearing Design Meets New Challenges
Royal Belgian Institute of Marine Engineers Crosshead bearing design meets new challenges Proposed improvements to crosshead bearings rely on new materials and processes by Doug Woodyard ew approaches to bearing materials, bearing design and production methods for low speed engines are driven by N higher firing pressures. Bearings need to be engineered to balance load capability with the tribological requirements of the application. The crankshaft of a two-stroke, low speed engine is connected to the piston via a connecting rod, crosshead and piston rod. Crosshead bearing movement is solely oscillating and the load vector is always directed downward; reliable hydrodynamic lubrication and oil supply thus become difficult to ensure. One solution is for hydrostatic lubrication with an oil pressure of around 12 bar in specially created oil pockets. The crosshead pin is thereby raised briefly at each revolution to ensure the oil supply. Two different crosshead bearing designs and lining materials are currently used: either a single lower bearing shell or a divided lower bearing shell, depending on the engine size. The common lining materials are aluminium-based A1Sn40 and whitemetal-based HM07. Future crosshead bearing designs must be robust and combine a high safety margin with high performance, Austrian bearing specialist Miba advises, requiring bearing designs based on A1Sn40 linings to be further improved. Extra wide lower crosshead shells rather than divided designs are proposed for long-stroke engines with a minimum bore of 400mm. Miba's new lower crosshead bearing design, termed a Patch-Work-Bearing, is based on a tri-metal configuration of steel-aluminium-tin 40-Synthec for Tier II engine platforms. -
OGV Slide Valve Low-Load Emissions Evaluation
OGV Slide Valve Low-Load Emissions Evaluation CONVENTIONAL SLIDE FUEL VALVE FUEL VALVE Technology Manufacturer MAN Diesel & Turbo A/S Co-Participants MAN Diesel & Turbo A/S Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co, LTD Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC Background In 2008, the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach participated in a demonstration of slide-type fuel valves to quantify their effectiveness as an emissions reduction retrofit technology for ocean-going vessels (OGVs) equipped with Tier 0 and Tier 1 two-stroke diesel main engines1. The demonstration was conducted aboard the APL Singapore. This new type of OGV main engine fuel valve is designed to improve combustion properties by eliminating sac volume (i.e., fuel drips) at the valve nozzle. The elimination of the sac volume results in lower fuel oil consumption. In addition, slide valve nozzles incorporate an optimized spray pattern designed to improve the combustion process - this is intended to reduce overall emissions, including hydrocarbon, NOx and particulate matter. The visible smoke level is also greatly reduced as a result of the improved combustion. The manufacturer, MAN Diesel & Turbo A/S (MDT), had previously published data suggesting slide valves offered a potential for a 30% reduction in NOx emissions and 25% reduction in DPM emissions when the technology is optimized in new engines. The results from the 2008 APL Singapore slide valve retrofit demonstration, although ultimately inconclusive, seemed to suggest that the use of slide valves as an OGV main engine retrofit technology might not provide the level of emission reductions originally anticipated. In addition to the APL data, new information provided by the manufacturer also indicated that potential benefits from slide valves could be eroded as engine load is reduced. -
Starting & Tuning the New TRX2.5 Engine
Starting & Tuning the New TRX2.5 Engine Starting & Tuning the New TRX2.5 Engine By Steve Slayden* Now that the amazing new T-Maxx 2.5 truck has been released and is in the hands of many excited and enthusiastic owners, I thought it was time to give some important tips on starting, breaking-in and tuning this hot little monster for maximum performance. This piece will be useful for anyone who has just purchased a new T-Maxx 2.5 and also those of you who are looking into getting one of your own. Some of the tips may even be helpful to some of you T-Maxx veterans out there as well, so grab your gear and let's get started. Tools and Accessories: As with all Traxxas RTR vehicles the T-Maxx comes pre-assembled with radio gear already installed. The instruction packet included in the box contains some important tools and accessories that can be used to perform minor maintenance tasks and repairs. Basic hand tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, Starting & Tuning the New TRX2.5 Engine wire cutters, etc. will be necessary to perform major disassembly of the truck. There will also be some accessory items needed to keep your truck up and running. I'll run down a list of important and handy items that will make working on and tuning your new Maxx a much more pleasurable experience. Some of the tools listed below are not absolutely necessary but will make tuning quicker and easier. I've listed only the tools that would be useful for this particular segment. -
FLYING SCOTSMAN’ LNER 4-6-2 1:32 SCALE • 45 Mm GAUGE
‘FLYING SCOTSMAN’ LNER 4-6-2 1:32 SCALE • 45 mm GAUGE ENGINEERING SAMPLE SHOWN Sir Nigel Gresley was renowned for his Pacific express locomo- SPECIFICATIONS tives, the first of which, the A1 class, entered service in 1922. The A3 was a modification of the A1 and over time all of the sur- Scale 1:32 viving A1s were rebuilt as A3s. No. 4472 “Flying Scotsman” was Gauge 45 mm built in 1923 and went on to become one of the most famous Mini. radius 6ft 6in. (2 m) steam locomotives in the world setting many records along the way. After the war it was renumbered 103 then, after the nation- Dimensions 26.5 x 3.5 x 5.25 in. alisation, carried the number 60103, remaining in service on the Construction Brass & stainless steel East Coast mainline until 1963. During its service career it cov- Electric Version ered over 2,000,000 miles and travelled non-stop from London Power 0~24V DC to Edinburgh in 8 hours. It was sold into private ownership, was Full cab interior design sent to America and Australia and is today under restoration at Features The National Railway Museum in York. Constant lighting Live Steam Version We are currently developing a 1:32 scale live steam version of our very successful electric LNER A3 Class “Flying Scotsman”. Power Live steam, butane fired The model is gas-fired with slide valves and has all the features Boiler Copper the Gauge 1 fraternity have come to expect from an Accucraft Valve gear Walschaerts valve gear locomotive. -
THROWBACK MODELLER September/October 2019 Issue 11 Continuing the Tradition…
THROWBACK MODELLER September/October 2019 Issue 11 Continuing the tradition…... It’s rude to ask a lady……. Exeter exhortations Always a Princess at heart 16MM HERITAGE LOCOMOTIVE OWNERS AND OPERATORS Throwback Modeller ASSOCIATION ISSUE 11 SEPTEMBER/O CTOBER 2019 I S S U E 1 1 Welcome to Issue Eleven No, no, no I was driving to only thing that re- work earlier this week listen- mains is my embar- ing to the radio and Zoe Ball rassment (and a hiked was telling me how many insurance premium). I weekends left until Christ- was most anxious to mas. What! Another year get sorted to get up to that’s flown by. I was drawn the Elsecar show - I up short by the fact that made it and had we’ve lost three 16mm char- planned to quietly run acters in the last two my Archangel Moel months, Jim, John and Brian. Tryfan. Despite my John had made his mark best efforts I couldn’t get On the subject of exhibitions through his models. Jim was her to run, and quiet went and gatherings we did hold a instrumental in hosting the out the window as the safety wet and windswept Heritage early garden meetings, es- valve lifted on the stalled Open day here again in Der- tablishing and growing the engine. by mid August (wet and early Association. Brian windswept in high sum- My guardian angel stepped made a different contribu- mer—grrrrr). It was a se- in and I’m looking forward to tion he was on the Associa- date affair as given the dropping down to see him tion Board for some of the weather it wasn’t a good and collecting the repaired time while I was Chair and outlook for people travelling loco in time for it’s next pub- then re-joined the Board distances. -
S.S. Badger Engines and Boilers
S.S. BADGER ENGINES AND BOILERS Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark Ludington, Michigan September 7, 1996 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers THE HISTORY AND HERITAGE PROGRAM OF ASME The ASME History and Heritage Recognition Program began in September 1971. To implement and achieve its goals, ASME formed a History and Heritage Committee, composed of mechanical engineers, historians of technology, and the Curator Emeritus of Mechanical and Civil Engineering at the Smithsonian Institution. The Committee provides a public service by examining, noting, recording, and acknowledging mechanical engineering achievements of particular significance. The History and Heritage Committee is part of the ASME Council on Public Affairs and Board on Public Information. For further information, please contact Public Information, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017- 2392, 212-705-7740, fax 212-705-7143. An ASME landmark represents a progressive step in the evolution of mechanical engineering. Site designations note an event of development of clear historical importance to mechanical engineers. Collections mark the contributions of several objects with special significance to the historical development of mechanical engineering. The ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Recognition Program illuminates our technological heritage and serves to encourage the preservation of the physical remains of historically important works. It provides an annotated roster for engineers, students, educators, historians, and travelers, and helps establish persistent reminders of where we have been and where we are going along the divergent paths of discovery. HISTORIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LANDMARK S.S. BADGER ENGINES AND BOILERS 1952 THE TWO 3,500-HP STEEPLE COMPOUND UNAFLOW STEAM ENGINES POWERING THE S.S. -
A Brief History of Front-End Research and Latest Developments
A Brief History of Front-End Research and Latest Developments Ir. J.J.G. Koopmans Ph.D. Paper presented during the conference on “Developments in modern Steam Traction” in the National Railway Museum in York, 11th of December 2006. 1 Introduction This paper will cover some of the historic highlights of the development of front-ends during the last 200 years. It is also intended to give a phenomenal description of the functioning of a front-end. Illustration and proof of the examples is provided by some of the results of the tests with the RTM 54 steam locomotive. Notion The discussion is about the use of exhausted steam to create artificial draught in the boiler of steam locomotives. Figure 1 Terence Cuneo's painting of the first steam locomotive The history of the front-end started with Richard Trevithick, who mounted a blast pipe from the cylinders to the chimney, and turned its orifice upwards. The 20th century painting by Terence Cuneo, present in the Welsh National Museum, shows this detail together with the feedwater heater around the blast pipe. The picture shows the joyous moment it represents, but this author has some reservations about the way Trevithick is represented, walking with a spanner in his hand. Locomotive owners and engineers have a common and lasting tendency to be on the locomotive themselves! Some 60- years later the first serious research on the subject was started by Prof. Zeuner1. He used a simplified model of a front-end. During the tests he found that certain dimensional ratios in the front-end gave an asymptotic limit to its performance. -
Full Page Photo
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF A DUKE Martyn J. McGinty AuthorHouse™ UK Ltd. 500 Avebury Boulevard Central Milton Keynes, MK9 2BE www.authorhouse.co.uk Phone: 08001974150 © 2011. Martyn J. McGinty. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author. First published by AuthorHouse 04/25/2011 ISBN: 978-1-4567-7794-4 (sc) ISBN: 978-1-4567-7795-1 (hc) ISBN: 978-1-4567-7796-8 (e) Front Cover Photo: Th e Duke at Didcot (Courtesy P. Treloar) Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Th inkstock are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only. Certain stock imagery © Th inkstock. Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. Th e views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them. Born out of Tragedy and Riddles, his lineage traceable, unerasable, back through the great houses of Chapelon, Giffard, Stephenson, Belpaire and Watt, the Duke was laid to rust by the sea, a few meagre miles from the mills that shaped the steel that formed the frames that bore the machine that Crewe built. Time passed and the Duke was made well again by kindly strangers.