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DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published July 30 Dis Aquat Org Oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 11: Gyrodactylus sp. J. L. Tojo*, M. T. Santamarina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ABSTRACT: A total of 24 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of gyro- dactylosis in rainbow trout Oncorhj~nchusmykiss. In preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. Twenty-two of the drugs tested (aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, b~thionol,chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, flubendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, n~etronidazole,mclosamide, nitroxynil, oxibendazole, parbendazole, piperazine, praziquantel, roni- dazole, secnidazole, tetramisole, thiophanate, toltrazuril and trichlorfon) were ineffective Triclabenda- zole and nitroscanate completely eliminated the infection. Triclabendazole was effective only at the screening dosage (40 g per kg of feed for 10 d), while nitroscanate was effective at dosages as low as 0.6 g per kg of feed for 1 d. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylosis . Rainbow trout Treatment. Drugs INTRODUCTION to the hooks of the opisthohaptor or to ulceration as a result of feeding by the parasite. The latter is the most The monogenean genus Gyrodactylus is widespread, serious. though some individual species have a restricted distri- Transmission takes place largely as a result of direct bution. Gyrodactyloses affect numerous freshwater contact between live fishes, though other pathways species including salmonids, cyprinids and ornamen- (contact between a live fish and a dead fish, or with tal fishes, as well as marine fishes including gadids, free-living parasites present in the substrate, or with pleuronectids and gobiids. -
Product List March 2019 - Page 1 of 53
Wessex has been sourcing and supplying active substances to medicine manufacturers since its incorporation in 1994. We supply from known, trusted partners working to full cGMP and with full regulatory support. Please contact us for details of the following products. Product CAS No. ( R)-2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine 112022-83-0 (-) (1R) Menthyl Chloroformate 14602-86-9 (+)-Sotalol Hydrochloride 959-24-0 (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2, 3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetic 63422-71-9 acid (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2-3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-(4- 62893-24-7 hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (r)-(+)-α-Lipoic Acid 1200-22-2 (S)-1-(2-Chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 207557-35-5 1,1'-Carbonyl diimidazole 530-62-1 1,3-Cyclohexanedione 504-02-9 1-[2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol acetate 839705-03-2 1-[2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol Hydrochloride 130198-05-9 1-[Cyano-(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl] cyclohexanol 93413-76-4 1-Chloroethyl-4-nitrophenyl carbonate 101623-69-2 2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl) acetic acid Hydrochloride 66659-20-9 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanamine Hydrochloride 29968-78-3 2,4 Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol (2,4 DCBA) 1777-82-8 2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 2.6 Diamino Pyridine 136-40-3 2-Aminoheptane Sulfate 6411-75-2 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chloride 760-67-8 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate 24468-13-1 2-Isopropyl-4-(N-methylaminomethyl) thiazole Hydrochloride 908591-25-3 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-butane dione 720-94-5 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrothieno[3,2,c] pyridine Hydrochloride 28783-41-7 4-Chloro-N-methyl-piperidine 5570-77-4 -
2018 Guideline Document on Chagas Disease
GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS Recommendations for Multimodality Cardiac Imaging in Patients with Chagas Disease: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography in Collaboration With the InterAmerican Association of Echocardiography (ECOSIAC) and the Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DIC-SBC) Harry Acquatella, MD, FASE (Chair), Federico M. Asch, MD, FASE (Co-Chair), Marcia M. Barbosa, MD, PhD, FASE, Marcio Barros, MD, PhD, Caryn Bern, MD, MPH, Joao L. Cavalcante, MD, FASE, Luis Eduardo Echeverria Correa, MD, Joao Lima, MD, Rachel Marcus, MD, Jose Antonio Marin-Neto, MD, PhD, Ricardo Migliore, MD, PhD, Jose Milei, MD, PhD, Carlos A. Morillo, MD, Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes, MD, PhD, Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira, MD, PhD, and Rodolfo Viotti, MD*, Caracas, Venezuela; Washington, District of Columbia; Belo Horizonte and Sao~ Paulo, Brazil; San Francisco, California; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Floridablanca, Colombia; Baltimore, Maryland; San Martin and Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada In addition to the collaborating societies listed in the title, this document is endorsed by the following American Society of Echocardiography International Alliance Partners: the Argentinian Federation of Cardiology, the Argentinian Society of Cardiology, the British Society of Echocardiography, the Chinese Society of Echocardiography, the Echocardiography Section of the Cuban Society of Cardiology, the Echocardiography Section of the Venezuelan Society of Cardiology, the Indian Academy of Echocardiography, -
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) and Malaria Coinfection in an Immigrant in the State of Terengganu, Malaysia: a Case Report
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (2011) 44,72e76 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.e-jmii.com CASE REPORT Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and malaria coinfection in an immigrant in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia: A case report Ahmad Kashfi Ab Rahman a,*, Fatimah Haslina Abdullah b a Infectious Disease Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia b Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Received 28 April 2009; received in revised form 30 July 2009; accepted 30 November 2009 KEYWORDS Malaria is endemic in Malaysia. Leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection rarely reported in Amphotericin B; Malaysia. Here, a 24-year-old Nepalese man who presented with prolonged fever and he- Coinfection; patosplenomegaly is reported. Blood film examination confirmed a Plasmodium vivax ma- Leishmaniasis; laria infection. Despite being adequately treated for malaria, his fever persisted. Bone Malaria; marrow examination showed presence of Leishman-Donovan complex. He was success- Treatment fully treated with prolonged course of amphotericin B. The case highlights the impor- tance of awareness among the treating physicians of this disease occurring in a foreign national from an endemic region when he presents with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Coinfection with malaria can occur although it is rare. It can cause significant delay of the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Copyright ª 2011, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved. Introduction leishmaniasis is not. Malaysia is considered free of endemic Leishmania species although few species of Malaysian sandflies have been described, possibly because the sand- Malaysia is a tropical country and located in the region of 1,3 Southeast Asia. -
Second and Third Generation Oral Fluoroquinolones
Therapeutic Class Overview Second and Third Generation Oral Fluoroquinolones Therapeutic Class • Overview/Summary: The second and third generation quinolones are approved to treat a variety of infections, including dermatologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, as well as several miscellaneous infections.1-10 They are broad-spectrum agents that directly inhibit bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by blocking the actions of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which leads to bacterial cell death.11,12 The quinolones are most active against gram-negative bacilli and gram-negative cocci.12 Ciprofloxacin has the most potent activity against gram-negative bacteria. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin have limited activity against streptococci and many anaerobes while levofloxacin and moxifloxacin have greater potency against gram-positive cocci, and moxifloxacin has enhanced activity against anaerobic bacteria.11-12 Gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are considered respiratory fluoroquinolones. They possess enhanced activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae while maintaining efficacy against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and atypical pathogens. Resistance to the quinolones is increasing and cross-resistance among the various agents has been documented. Two mechanisms of bacterial resistance have been identified. These include mutations in chromosomal genes (DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV) and altered drug permeability across the bacterial cell membranes.11-12 Clinical Guidelines support -
Chagas Disease Fact Sheet
Chagas Disease Fact Sheet What is Chagas disease? What are the symptoms? ■ A disease that can cause serious heart and stomach ■ A few weeks or months after people first get bitten, illnesses they may have mild symptoms like: ■ A disease spread by contact with an infected • Fever and body aches triatomine bug also called “kissing bug,” “benchuca,” • Swelling of the eyelid “vinchuca,” “chinche,” or “barbeiro” • Swelling at the bite mark ■ After this first part of the illness, most people have no Who can get Chagas disease? symptoms and many don’t ever get sick Anyone. However, people have a greater chance if they: ■ But some people (less than half) do get sick later, and they may have: ■ Have lived in rural areas of Mexico, Central America or South America, in countries such as: Argentina, • Irregular heart beats that can cause sudden death Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, • An enlarged heart that doesn’t pump blood well El Salvador, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, • Problems with digestion and bowel movements Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, • An increased chance of having a stroke Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay or Venezuela What should I do if I think I might have ■ Have seen the bug, especially in these areas Chagas disease? ■ Have stayed in a house with a thatched roof or with ■ See a healthcare provider, who will examine you walls that have cracks or crevices ■ Your provider may take a sample of your blood for testing How does someone get Chagas disease? ■ Usually from contact with a kissing bug Why should I get tested for Chagas disease? ■ After the kissing bug bites, it poops. -
History of Kala-Azar Is Older Than the Dated Records
Professor C. P. Thakur, MD, FRCP (London & Edin.) Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Patna Medical College Member of Parliament, Former Union Minister of Health, Government of India Chairman, Balaji Utthan Sansthan, Uma Complex, Fraser Road – Patna-800 001, Bihar. Tel.: +91-0612-2221797, Fax:+91-0612-2239423 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.bus.org.in “History of kala-azar is older than the dated records. In those days malaria was very common and some epidemics of kala-azar were passed as toxic malaria. Twining writing in 1835 described a condition that he called “endemic cachexia of the tropical counties that are subject to paludal exhalations”. The disease remained unrecognized for a faily long time but the searching nature of human mind could come to a final diagnosis, though many aspects of the disease are still unexplored” • Leishmaniasis Cachexial Fever • Internal Catechetic fever leishmaniasis Dum-Dum Fever • Visceral Burdwan Fever leishmaniasis Sirkari Disease • General Sahib’s disease leishmaniasis Kala-dukh • Kala-azar of Kala-jwar adults Kala-hazar • Indian kala-azar Assam fever • Black Fever Leishman-Donovan Disease • Black Sickness Infantile Kala-azar (Nicolle) • Tropical leishmaniasis Infantile leishmaniasis • Tropical cachexia Mediterranean Kala-azar • Tropical Kala-azar Mediterranean leishmaniasis • Tropical Febrile splenic Anaemia (Fede) Splenomegaly Anaemia infantum a leishmania • Non-malarial (Pianese) remittent fever Leishmania anaemia (Jemme • Malaria Cachexia (in error) -
Zoonotic Disease Scenarios
Zoonotic Disease Scenarios: Malaria, Arboviruses, Chagas Disease, Lyme Disease, and Rickettsial Diseases ELC Meeting – September 2019 Zoonosis Control Branch Malaria Case Scenario A new ELR appears in the DRR queue for a blood smear, with a positive result for malaria. Resiu l~edl Test: MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION:PRIO:PT:BLO:NOMl :MAL.ARIA SMIEAR(Mala 11ia S nnear) Result(st: Posimive(S I OMED) Refelrence Range: 1 eg1ative Datem ime: 2019-IJ2-0'9 12:09:IJO .O , ·erpreta~iio 111 : Nlormal Perilforming Faciility: University Med C r Result Method: IFaciility ID: 5D06607 4'1 (Fl) Status: f inal "[;est Code(s): 32700-7 (LIN LOINC) 1278 (L l OCAL) !Result Code(s): '1O B281J04 (SNM SNOMED) I R.es u It Comm e111ts: 09/26/2019 DSHS ELC Conference 2 Malaria Case Scenario (continued) The species has not been determined yet. Upon reviewing the medical record, you learn that the patient is a 62-year-old female who is a resident of Nigeria and returning home next month. Q: Is this a reportable Texas malaria case? YES! 09/26/2019 DSHS ELC Conference 3 Malaria Reporting Guidelines Texas Residents For malaria cases who reside in Texas, but are diagnosed in another Texas jurisdiction, please report by the case patient’s residence. Out of Country Residents For malaria cases who reside in another country, but are diagnosed in Texas, please report by the location where the patient was diagnosed. Out of State Residents For malaria cases who reside in another state, but are diagnosed in Texas, please communicate with the Regional Zoonosis Control (ZC) office so we can work with the other state to determine which state will count it as a case to prevent dual reporting. -
)&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE
)&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 3 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACTODIGIN 36983-69-4 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ADAFENOXATE 82168-26-1 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ADAMEXINE 54785-02-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ADAPALENE 106685-40-9 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ADAPROLOL 101479-70-3 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ADATANSERIN 127266-56-2 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ADEFOVIR 106941-25-7 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ADELMIDROL 1675-66-7 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ADEMETIONINE 17176-17-9 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE 61-19-8 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ADIBENDAN 100510-33-6 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ADICILLIN 525-94-0 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7 ADIMOLOL 78459-19-5 ACEBUTOLOL 37517-30-9 ADINAZOLAM 37115-32-5 ACECAINIDE 32795-44-1 ADIPHENINE 64-95-9 ACECARBROMAL 77-66-7 ADIPIODONE 606-17-7 ACECLIDINE 827-61-2 ADITEREN 56066-19-4 ACECLOFENAC 89796-99-6 ADITOPRIM 56066-63-8 ACEDAPSONE 77-46-3 ADOSOPINE 88124-26-9 ACEDIASULFONE SODIUM 127-60-6 ADOZELESIN 110314-48-2 ACEDOBEN 556-08-1 ADRAFINIL 63547-13-7 ACEFLURANOL 80595-73-9 ADRENALONE -
Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity
microorganisms Review Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity John M. Curtin 1,2,* and Naomi E. Aronson 2 1 Infectious Diseases Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA 2 Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-011-301-295-6400 Abstract: Leishmaniasis, a chronic and persistent intracellular protozoal infection caused by many different species within the genus Leishmania, is an unfamiliar disease to most North American providers. Clinical presentations may include asymptomatic and symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (so-called Kala-azar), as well as cutaneous or mucosal disease. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania mexicana in the United States) is endemic in some southwest states, other causes for concern include reactivation of imported visceral leishmaniasis remotely in time from the initial infection, and the possible long-term complications of chronic inflammation from asymptomatic infection. Climate change, the identification of competent vectors and reservoirs, a highly mobile populace, significant population groups with proven exposure history, HIV, and widespread use of immunosuppressive medications and organ transplant all create the potential for increased frequency of leishmaniasis in the U.S. Together, these factors could contribute to leishmaniasis emerging as a health threat in the U.S., including the possibility of sustained autochthonous spread of newly introduced visceral disease. We summarize recent data examining the epidemiology and major risk factors for acquisition of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, with a special focus on Citation: Curtin, J.M.; Aronson, N.E. -
Drugs for Amebiais, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis & Leishmaniasis
Antiprotozoal drugs Drugs for amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis & leishmaniasis Edited by: H. Mirkhani, Pharm D, Ph D Dept. Pharmacology Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Contents Amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis ........................................................................................................... 2 Metronidazole ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Iodoquinol ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Paromomycin ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Mechanism of Action ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Antimicrobial effects; therapeutics uses ......................................................................................................... 3 Leishmaniasis ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Antimonial agents ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Mechanism of action and drug resistance ...................................................................................................... -
Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Global Overview
J Glob Health Sci. 2020 Jun;2(1):e3 https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e3 pISSN 2671-6925·eISSN 2671-6933 Review Article Visceral leishmaniasis: a global overview Richard G. Wamai ,1 Jorja Kahn ,2 Jamie McGloin ,3 Galen Ziaggi 3 1Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Boston, MA, USA 2Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, College of Science, Boston, MA, USA 3Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Science, Boston, MA, USA Received: Feb 1, 2020 ABSTRACT Accepted: Mar 14, 2020 Correspondence to The leishmaniases are protozoan infections that are among the neglected tropical diseases Richard G. Wamai (NTDs). Over one billion people are at risk of these diseases in virtually all continents. Department of Cultures, Societies and Global These diseases debilitate large numbers of people, keeping them from full, productive lives. Studies, Northeastern University, College of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of these diseases, killing more people Social Sciences and Humanities, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, 360 Huntington than any other parasitic disease except malaria. About 90% of the global burden for VL is Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA. found in just 7 countries, 4 of which are in Eastern Africa (Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia E-mail: [email protected] and Kenya), 2 in Southeast Asia (India, Bangladesh) and Brazil, which carries nearly all of cases in South America. In 2005 the World Health Organization launched a strategy to © 2020 Korean Society of Global Health.