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Fields Upon Beta and Gamma Radiation,(15) Comparison of G-M, Gas Flow Peoportional, Andscintillationcounters

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Fields Upon Beta and Gamma Radiation,(15) Comparison of G-M, Gas Flow Peoportional, Andscintillationcounters DOCUMENT RESUME ED 029 080 VT 002 913 By-Wiens, Jacob H. Basic Course in Nucleonics. Technical Education Curriculum Development Series No. 10. California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento. Instructional Materials Lab. Pub Date 63 Note-158p. Available from-Bureau of Industrial Education, California State Department of Education, 721 Capitol MalL Sacramento, California 95814 (without charge). EDRS Price MF-S0.75 HC-$8.00 Descriptors-Atomic Theory, Community Colleges, Laboratory ExPeriments, *Nuclear Physics, Radiation, *Study Guides, *Teaching Guides, Technical Education, *Trade 'and Industrial Education Identifiers-*Nucleonics, Nucleonics Technicians This combined teaching and study guide is for use by students and teachers in post seconoary programs for nucleonics technicians: It was developed by the author under the National Defense Education Act, Title VIII. The unit headings are: (1) Physics of the Atom, (2) Natural Radioactivity and Atomic Energy, (3) induced Radioactivity and Atomic Energy, (4) Radiation Safety and Radiation Doses, (5) Geiger-Mueller Counters, (6) Determination of Half;-Life, (7) Absorption and Self-Absorption for Beta Rays, (8) Backscattering and Other Effects for Beta Rays, (9) Absorption and Inverse Square Law for Gamma Rays, (10) Resolving. Time of a g-rn Counter, (11) Calibration of g-in Counter End Window, (12) Statistical Variation in Radioactive Measurements, (13) Determination of Range and Energy of Alpha Particles, (14) Effect of Magnetic Fields upon Beta and Gamma Radiation,(15) Comparison of g-m, Gas Flow Peoportional, andScintillationCounters. (16) RadioactiveFallout,(17)Tracer Techniques, and (18) Cloud Chamber. Each unit gives objectives, introduction, teaching plan, apparatus required, textual material, _study questions, and a bibliography. Five hours of instruction should, be allotted to each of the units. The students should be high school graduates and the teachers should have had a basic course in nuclear physics. (EM) ! , i BY JACOB H. WIENS COORDIN--ATOR (1:esie TECHNICIAN course PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT in COLLEGE OF nucleonics SAN MATEO 1 I .11 11 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE I % % 1 OFFICE OF EDUCATION % % % '44 % %, \ , .\ THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE . 0 Iiii qi , i I PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS I%% I r i \::::`%,\''',":,k!+1,k1:,11111\11\111.1 STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION %4% %% %%% % %% ii POSITION OR POLICY. '\,%. % %% N 1 1 I %% % 1% %0" W441111 %,. %% % .%% ::::I:::;:iii.::!:!::;:;%%;;;:z%Si:::1111:11,til% 4 %%%1% 141%%y // 1 I ..%. %491Iiilhiilft .. ----------------- . ............ 2. Ili.1 ...."-sswfsiliff1,11,.... ............................ ......................... 1.4:EEE EEfE. E .. f: !I ........ -i%il:$i ..-- :::-..:::.. ,,a-...... ....."'--;-;! ,f1 ...- ....a, 0, oloIord i ---"".0of'' ..:.5:. ;., ###$;r0/4 __........-.."--. .- ,.. ,, ,,,%, / -iiiiii///////41// /;f0/11/1141 .o' oi ,.- ,,, e,, ll r -- iri#F7 0 rff Ig /1 0"/ l/1 11III f #' 0# # o',./ i 111,1j , /' / , _I ,, ,/ i 411 11 I i filiii / i , ,' 1 /,1 I if #1 0 , /, / , / r , , , . / 40° 01 /i I / / INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALSLABORATORY BUREAU OF INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION ME MOR A ND UM VT2913 TO: The ERIC Clearinghouse on Vocational and TechnicalEducation The Ohio State University 980 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio 43212 Bureau of Industrial Education FROM: (Person)G. Frederick Peters (Agency) Department of Education (Address) 721 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, California95814 DATE: October 3, 1968 RE: (Author, Title; Publisher, Date) Wiens. Jacó b H. Basiq_Course ip Nucleonics. California State De t. of Education IMU 1963 Supplementary Information on Instructional Material Provide information below which is not included in the publication.Mark N/A in each blank for which information is not available or nct applicable.Mark P when information is included in the publication.See reverse side for further instructions. (1) Source of Available Copies: Agency Bureau of Industrial Education Address 721 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, California95814 Limitation on Available Copies 384 copies Price/Unit Free (quantity prices) (2) Means Used to Develop Material: Developumnt Group Author plus advisory committees Level of Group Local Method of Design, Testing, and Trial Advisory committee and _grant from the Atomic Ener Commission for eoui ment. (3)Utilization of Material: Appropriate School Setting Community college Community college students Type of Program ,..m.N11 Occupational Focus Nucleonics technician Geographic Adaptability Not restricted Utes of Material Laboratory.eariments and readin Titers of Material Teacher and students (4) Requirements for Uting Material: Teacher CompetencyAt least basic course in nuclear physics Student Selection CriteriaStudents who have graduated from high school 11wwwwIN.M.M. Time Allotment Five hours er cha ter Supplemental Media -- Necessary (Check Mich) Desirable Source agency) (addressl foreword Rapid growth in the number and types of technicians needed by California industry has become an increasingly important and complex phenomenon in the state during the past two decades. Training these technicians has become equally important and complex. In order to provide educational programs for technicians, the junior colleges of the state have developed and currently offer a variety of technical education courses. The California State Department of Education participates in these programs by assisting wherever and when- ever possible in the further development of worthwhile technical curriculums. It is hoped that this manual on nucleonics will provide an additional source of enrichment for the occupation-centered programs of the state. Superintendent of Public Instruction ^ pref ace Among the various technical education curriculums in California junior colleges affected by the state's dynamic industrial growth are those in the field of nucleonics. As a consequence, well-planned and well-developed instructional materials must be made available to the schools in order to provide instruction in this and other rapidly developing technical fields. The Bureau of Industrial Education has assisted Dr. Jacob H. Wiens in preparing this instruc- tor's guide in nucleonics as a working draft to meet the immediate needs of classes operating at the present time. A further publication is planned in the event antiapated growth in the nucleonics field becomes a reality. Appropriations provided under Title VIII of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 have aided in financing the project. RICHARD M. CLOWES WESLEY P. SMITH Chief, Division of Director of Vocational Education Instruction ERNEST G. KRAMER Chief, Bureau of Industrial Education content s 1 physics of the atom 1 2 natural radioactivity and atomic energy 8 3 induced radioactivity and atomic energy 20 4 radiation safety and radiation doses 29 5 geiger-mueller counters 38 6 determination of half-life 50 7 absorption and self-absorption for beta rays 56 8 backscattering and other effects for beta rays 64 9 absorption and inverse square law for gamma rays 70 10 resolving time of a g-m counter 77 11 calibration of g-m counter end window 83 12 statistical variation in radioactive measurements 89 13 determination of range and energy of alpha particles 95 14 effect of magnetic fields upon beta and gamma radiation 103 15 comparison of g-m, gas flow proportional, and scintillation counters 110 16 radioactive fallout 117 17 tracer techniques 127 18 cloud chamber 132 appendix 139 physics of the atom PLAN OF INSTRUCTION OBJECTIVE 1. To familiarize the student with the modern concept of the atom. 2, To study the properties of the nucleons that make up the atom. 3. To discuss the size of the atom. 4. To discuss the various kinds of atoms and what portion of the atom determines the physi- cal structure of the atom. S. To distinguish between the physical characteristics of the atom and the nuclearchar- acteristics of the atom. INTRODUCTION 1. Define units of length, time, and mass. 2. Review the definitions of force and energy. 3. Introduce the concept of energy and work. 4. Review the difference in the chemical and physical concepts concerning elements. TEACHING PLAN 1. Define the terns such as mass, force, energy, charge, and weight. 2. Emphasize the concentration of matter in the atom in the small central portioncalled the nucleus and point out the vast emptiness of matter in the regionbetween the nucleus of the atom and the electron in their orbit. 3. Review briefly the existence of electrons in orbit around the nucleus butpoint out that this effect is not a determining factor in the structureof the nucleus of the atom. 4. Discuss the orderliness of the structure of the atom from hydrogenthrough the trans- uranic element, pointing out the relationship between the charge of thenucleus of the atom and the number of electrons in orbit around thenucleus. S. Introduce the concept of the electron, the proton, and the neutron aselementary build- ing blocks in the nucleus of an atom. 6. Introduce the symbols used to describe the nucleus of an atomin terms of the charge and nass. 7. Show how it is possible to determine the number of protonsand the number of neutrons in an atom from this notation. 1 NUCLEONICS 8. Discuss the nucleon particles that have been identified and relate these particles to the particles that make up the stable atom. APPARATUS None required. RESOURCE MATERIAL Physics has been called the science of measurement.The field of nucleonics
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