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Great Western Highway,

" , Woodfor.d, N.S.W. . ~ ...... : .. Australia ___ •• __ .w ._ .. --'-- . -. CONSERVATION ANALYSIS -" ~:. ::.:~:..:: .: . ,~: and DRAFT GUIDELINES ' ... ~:': •.:,-:,: :, -"': . ~- .-..... ,...... - " 'arising out of the statement .. ' of cultural significance

.... :: .:: :...... :-.-.: .... t ~:.:..

Prepared for' The National' 'Trust of Australia (NSW , Observa'tory Hill, ,'." Sydney, N. S • W'. 2000 • .. ." by

Clive Lucas & Partners pty. Ltd. Architects 49 Clarence Street, SYDNEY, N.S.W. 2000. , ., Telephone: (02) 297281

.. :- July, 1984

.... ",:- - .:: .

" J •• ::.; "-;.: ....::. :-. WOODFORD ACADEMY Great Western Highway, Woodford, N.S.W. Australia CONSERVATION ANALYSIS and DRAFT GUIDELINES arising out of the statement of cultural significance

Prepared for

The National Trust of Australia (NSW), Observatory Hill, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000.

by

Clive Lucas & Partners Pty. Ltd. Architects 49 Clarence Street, SYDNEY, N.S.W. 2000. Telephone: (02) 297281

July, 1984 SUMMARY

The Wood ford Academy is by far the oldest building group on the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. Since 1978 it has been owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) which has carried out some essential maintenance and adaptation work. This report analyses the documentary and physical evidence of the place and formulates a statement of significance. From this and other considerations a conservation policy is proposed. This, in brief, suggests how development and uses of the property should be guided and what immediate work should be carried out irrespective of considerations of future use. The main points of this report can be understood by reading the following sections. Page No. 2.7 Summary of History of Site 9

5.0 Statement of Significance 37

7.2 Draft Conservation policy Statement 46

8.0 Draft Policy Implementation 51

Fig. 1: Location Plan CONTENTS

Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Brief 1.2 Limitations 1 1.3 1 Consultants 1 1.4 Boundaries of Study 1.5 1 Terms 1 1.6 Structure of Report 1.7 Acknowledgements· 2 1.8 2 Author Identification 2 2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 2.1 Main Existing Sources 2.2 3 Main Sources Produced for this Report 3 2.3 Photographs and Illustrations 2.4 3 Maps and Plans 7 2.5 Background References 2.6 7 Historical Notes about Woodford Academy 7 2.7 Summary of History of Site 2.8 9 Summary of History of Building 11 3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 3.1 3.2 16 3.3 16 3.4 16 3.5 16 Curtilage, Visual Catchments, Views, etc. 16 3.6 Condition of Site and Buildings 16 4.0 ANALYSIS OF EVIDENCE 4.1 Site Features 4.2 19 Landscape Features 19 4.3 Buildings 4.4 19 Discussion of Cultural Significance 24 5.0 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 37 6.0 CONSTRAINTS 6.1 Physical Constraints Arising from the Statement of Significance 39 6.2 Procedural Constraints Arising from Statement of Significance 40 6.3 Graded Zones of Significance of Interior Spaces of the House 40 6.4 External Constraints Arising out of the Significance of the place 6.5 42 Other External Constraints 43 6.6 Constraints Arising out of the Physical Condition of the Buildings 44 6.7 Constraints Arising out of the Documentary Evidence 44 6.8 Constraints Arising out of the OWnership of the Place ( ii) Page No. 7.0 DL·~T CONSERVATION POLICY ARISING OUT OF STb ~MENT Of SIGNIFICANCE AND PHYSICAL CONL :~I~O~N~ ______7.1 Discu_ :. ion 46 7.2 Draft l ~servation Policy Statement 7.3 46 " Consequ~ ·~es of Policy Statement 47 8.0 DRAFT POL_=Y IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 Generally 8.2 51 Exterior of c.1840 Wing 51 8.3 Interior of c .1840 Wing 8.4 51 Exterior of c.l855 Wing 51 8.5 Interior of c.1255 Wing 8.6 51 Exterior of c.18S5 Dairy Building 52 8.7 Interior of c.185.: Dairy Building 8.8 52 Exterior of Spaces 27,28,29 - Kitchen Building 52 8.9 Interior Spaces 27,~8,29 - Kitchen 8.10 Building 52 Exterior c.1880s Sec=ion of Kitchen Building 53 8.11 Interior of c.1880s s .. ction of Kitchen Building 8.12 53 Site Works 53 APPENDIX 1 - Title Search by M. Reymond 54 APPENDIX 2 - Survey of Finishes 57 APPENDIX 3 - Notes Made from Files of National Trust 63 APPENDIX 4 - Record of Work by Clive Lucas pty. Ltd. 67 APPENDIX 5 - Reference 2.1.12 74 APPEN~IX 6 - Reference 2.4.3 77 APPENDIX 7 - Old BOys' Reunion, February 1983 81 APPENDIX 8 - SMH Advertisements for Woodford 82 APPENDIX 9 - Search of SMH for Woodford Advertise- ments 83 APPENDIX 10 - Survey of Inns in locality 84 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page No.

Fig. 1 Location Plan Summary Page Fig. 2 Selection of photographs c.1907 4

Fig. 3 Selection of phot~graphs c.1950 5 Fig. 4 Interior photographs 6 Fig. 5 Copy of 1863 Plan 8 Fig. 6 Alienation of Land 12 Fig. 7 Early Illustrations, 1842 and 1869 14 Fig. 8 Survey of Site Features 17 Fig. 9 Survey of Building Features 18 Fig.lO c.1840 Configuration - Woodmans Inn 25 Fig.ll c.1855 Configuration & Uses - King's Arms Inn 25 Fig.12 c.1870 Configuration & Uses - Woodford (Residence) 26 Fig.13 c.1880 Configuration & Uses - Woodford House 27 Fig.14 c.1907 Configuraiton & Uses _ Woodford Academy 28 Fig.15 Summary of Evolution of Buildings 29 Fig.16 Pilgrim Inn constructed c. late 1820s 31 Fig.17 Waiting for the Transit at Woodford 36 Fig.18 Significance Gradings of Internal Spaces 41 Fig.19 Summary of Implementation of Draft Conservation Policy 48 -' 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Brief

This report follows a brief by Dr. J. Kerr, undated, with the limitations listed below. The aim was to establish the property's significance, determine the constraints that followed from this and propose a policy as far as it could be taken without any specific use in mind.

1.2 Limitations

1.2.1 Uses and their consequences are not discussed. 1.2.2 Assessment of the landscape fabric has been limited to built site features. Assessment of the vegetation was limited to its- significance as a setting for the buildings~ A separate report should be made to assess the intrinsic merits of the surviving 19th and 20th century vegetation­ and arrangement. 1.2.3 A large amount of documentary material exists Woodford for the Academy period (post 1907). This has not been studied in detail.

1.3 Consultations

Consultations have been held with Miss Gertrude McManam~y - occupant of place since 1907 Associate Professor K.J. Cable - historian Mr. John Low - local history Council librarian Ms. Meredith Walker - conservation planner Mrs. P. Simpson Fairfax £amily historian Mr. Clive Lucas - architect for the recent restoration work The assistance of these people is gratefully acknowledged.

1.4 Boundaries of study

The physical boundaries of the study were not defined. These have been taken to include the present Trust property and other surviving features that are normally seen by the public.

1.5 Terms

The terms place, preservation, reconstruction, restoration, adaptation and conservation used throughout this report have the meaning given them in the ICOMOS 'Burra Charter'* N.B. restoration has a limited meaning as follows:

International * Council on Monuments & Sites, The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (The Btirra Charter) •

)

.~ .... : . "returning the EXISTING fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material."

1.6 Structure of Report

This report follows the structure as set out in J.S. Kerr, The Conservation Plan, National Trust of Australia (NSW), 1982.

1.7 Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the assistance of the staff of the National Trust of Australia (NSW).

1.8 Author Identification

This report was prepared and written by Ian Stapleton and Clive Lucas.

Site surveys were carried out by Ian Stapleton. Documentary research was carried out by Robert Sanderson. Diagrams were prepared by Robert Sanderson and Rodney Howard. 3

2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

2.1 Main Existing Sources 2.1.1 Clive Lucas and Partners, date letter files, c.1978 to (see Appendices for summary) 2.1.2 Clive Lucas & Partners, Record of Restoration consultant report, 1984. Works, 2.1.3 Davies, Colin L., Woodford Academy, unpublished for National Trust of Australia report Appendices) (NSW), May 1982 (see

2.1.4 Goodger,B., Report on Visit to Woodford typescript, 3 Academy, pages, 23rd December, 1980 2.1.5 Johnston, Colin, A History unpublished of Woodford Academy, research paper not dated. 2.1.6 Manuscript material in dustproof boxes (collected by at site C. Davies, April-May 1981) 2.1.7 Manuscript and pictorial material at Mitchell (removed from site March, Library Appendices. 1981), see summary in

2.1.8 National Trust of Australia (NSW), to date (see letter files, c.1972 Appendices for summary) •

2.1.9 . Russell, H.C. (ed.> Observations of the Venus •••.• Syd: Transit of Government Printer, 1892. 2.1.10 Searle, Allan E., Historic Woodford Springwood: Springwood and Linden, Historical society, 1980. 2.1.11 Simpson, Caroline, John 1977, Fairfax 1804 - 1877, Sydney, privately published booklet 2.1.12 Woodford Academy, prospectus, c.19l9

2.2 Main Sources Produced for this Report 2.2.1 Re ond M.B., Woodford Academ Woodford, Great Western Hi N.S.W., unpub 1shed hwa , for clive report of t1tle search Lucas and Partners, May 1984 (see Appendices) • 2.3 Photographs and Illustrations 2.3.1 Brierly, Oswald, Inn at Twenty Mile Hollow, 1842, (Mitchell Library) pencil sketch, 2.3.2 Hall, John Vine, On the Blue Mountains March 11, 1869 pencil 2300 Feet Elevation, and water colour sketch in speirs, Hugh, Landscape reproduced Art and The Blue Mountains, Syd: Alternative Publishing Co-operative Ltd., 1981 Fig. 2: Selection of photograpns c.1907 4

From South

From South Ea

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Fig.3: Selection of photographs c.1950

. . .. -- ...... ~...... _ - ... :- - --~~ -<. From North East

•

Front fence

From North

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I'From North Fig.4: Interior photographs 6

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Space 11 c.1950

Space 32, c.1890, Reference 2.3.5 i

2.3.3 Photographs in possession of Miss Gertrude McMan~y, at site, (most appear to be post 1907) • 2.3.4 Small pictures file, Mitchell Library, 2 photos. 2.3.5 Woodford House dining room, interior photo, Blue Mountains Historical Society, undated.

2.4 Maps and Plans 2.4.1 Cleal, F.H., measured drawings of Woodford Academy, c.l969, (original drawings reportedly in Mitchell Library)

2.4.2 Clive Lucas & Partners: Drawing No. Title Date 7536/1 Kitchen & Bathroom Details May 1979 7536/2 Measured drawing August 1979 7536/3 Site plan September 1979 2.4.3 Low, John, Settlement on the Western Road, 1815-1867, unpublished plan of G.W. Highway between Emu Plains Mount and Victoria showing all new buildings built pre 1867, 1984 (see Appendices) 2.4.4 Melrose, G. and others, site plan c.1863 reproduced in Johnston (see above).

2.5 . Background References 2.5.1 Barcan, A.R., Short History of Education in N.S.W., Sydney, Martindale"Press, 1965. 2.5.2 Bean, C.E.W., Here My Son, Sydney", Angus & Robertson, 1950 2.5.3 Bray, R.B., History of Australian Astronomy, Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol.4, No.l, 1980 2.5.4 Heritage Council of N.S.W., Blue Mountains Heritage Study, consultant report.in preparation. 2.5.5 Walker, Meredith and o~ers, unpublished notes and essays on the history of the Blue Mountains, 1983-4.

2.6 Historical Notes about Woodford Academy N.B. These references are sometimes anecdotal and of limited val~e (see Appendices) • 2.6.1 Anstruther, G., These Old Inns, in Walkabout, January 1936 p.53 1, 9

2.6.2 Bowden, I.R., Linden to Woodford, Springwood: Blue Mountains HistoricalSociety 1963. 2.6. Kirkman, M.J., woodford Academy, typescript, 26th 1975. November 2.6.4 ·"ambert, L.T., Some Historic Facts Concerning Woodford ••• , , ~tter 27th June, 1969, typescript y 2 pages 2.6.5 Le.. :)ert, L. T., A Short History of Woodford Academy, tYF "cript, 2 pages. 2.6.6 Walkc , F., The Old Western Road Relics, R.A.H.S. ? 2.6.7 Walker, F., Woodford, Days of Early History, SMH 30/4/32 2.6.8 Woodford . ~ademy, Notes from Ferguson'Memorial undated. Library,

2.7 Summary of His~jry of Site Referenc Nov. '1825 Thomas Michael Pembroke promised 50 acres 2.1.5 Late l820s Site occupied by William James Nov. 1830 Pembroke 9romised 2 acres 2.1.5 c.1830 Pembroke applied for his land at Twenty Mile Hollow (Woodford) 2.1.5 By 1831 Pembroke had ~ade a selection of land at the site partly including James's improvements 2.1.5 By Sept. Pembroke was given possession of 1832 the land (2 acres) 2.1.5 By 1833 Pembroke's hut existed 28/10/1835 Pembroke was granted 50 acres 2.2.1 _ By 1835 Woodman's Inn existed 2.1.5 1836 Trial of James for murder of wife 2.1.5 1839 Pembroke sold property to Michael Hogan. At time was leased by G.K. Bryant 2.2.1 1841 Grant measured 4,950 x 5,100 feet 2.1.5 1842 Sketch of "Inn at Twenty Mile Hollow" shows building unlike present buildings 2.3.1 1842-44 Col. John Edward Bull had camp for road gang nearby. Possibly families stayed at Inn, 2.1.5 1843 James Nairn licensee of Kings Arms Hotel 1846 William Barton " " " 2.1.10 1847 John Cobcroft " " 1854 " " " " " Thomas James " " " " " 1855 Hogan sold property to William Buss 2.2.1

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..... n 11 0 ~~ ::tIO .....11l ..... 11l ..... 1100 11l'" ::Sw o I1ltO..... '. I\.)p/ , f ..tt.J Ct.,d d,...... " "I G. m.lrut.: • , .... ~C\I,"",;clc "",d T. "-"".",.- [E~ S",r.:'"' A.· .... j £ .. ~." .... ,..s ]. C.... c:c. 18'3. • ::s ..... ' .. "If' - .....'" lJl co Reference 1856-67 William Buss held licence of King's Arms Hotel 2.1.10 c.1856 Police lock up built to west (now demolished) 2.1. 5 1863 Railway plan denotes buildings as King's Arms Inn 2.4.4 1867 Buss left life interest in property to wife, Bridget Buss 2.2.1 1868 Raih'lay line reached Weatherboard (Wentworth Falls) 2.5.5 Aug.1868 Mrs. Buss sold property to Alfred Fairfax 2.2.1 Mar.1869 Sketch of "Buss's" by John Vine Hall shows present complex 2.3.2 Oct.1869 Advertised as 'Mountain Air 5MB Woodford (late Buss's) Apartments Oct.9 1869 vacant J. Sheils' p.8 1869 Woodford possibly occupied by caretaker Sheils 2.1.5 Property was 90 acres

1874 Observation of Transit of Venus 200 yards to west of Woodford. Fairfax was host. House appears to be used as a residence 2.1. 9 1876 Property leased or at least in possession of Mr. Hague-Smith 2.1.5 1879 House still described as Mr. Fairfax's 'commodious residence' 2.1.10 1880 Hague-Smith made additions to kitchen building and opened property as a gues~ house 'Woodford House' 2.1.5 From Oct. Woodford House advertised as For 1881 exampl 'Private Boarding Establishment for 5MB Oct. 8 visitors, families etc. can find 1881 superior accommodation' Jan.17, 18 1880-1907 is said to have been a fashionable guest and function house. Names of clients mentioned include: George Walker Arnott Sir William Patrick Manning 2.1.5 Sir Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Farl of Rosebery 29/6/1897 Property put up for auction and sold to David Flannery. At this time it was described as a sanatorium with two blocks of land 40-3/4 acres and 50 acres 2.2.1 Reference Pre 1892 Railway zig-zag at Lapstone bypassed 2.5.5 Pre 1906 Property used as private hospital by Dr. Mark Henry Long 2.1.7 Nov. 1906 Property brought under Real Property Act t occupied by Edward Graves) 2.2.1 1907 John Frazer ~ leased property and established Woodford Academy school 2.2.1 Dec.1908 P.mperty subdivided and greater part sold to Ma1Y J'ane Waterhouse, IlDther of E.G. Waterhouse 2.2.1 1913 of Eryldene Mrs. McManam ey died 2.1.3 July 1914 Remainder of l2~ acres including buildings sold to John Frazer McManamey 2.2.1 1924-1965 Academy Dining Hall used for Presbyterian church services 2.1.5 1924-68 Land further subdivided (see attached plan fig. 2 ) 2.2.1 1936 Academy closed to all but private tuition 2.1.5 1946 J.F. McManamey died 2.1.3 Feb.1949 Property inherited by Gertrude McManamey 2.2.1 1950s-70s East wing used as shop on two occasions. Kitchen wing used as flat 2.1.3 1961 Land to east of Academy donated to Presbyterian Church 2.1.5 1978 DMR proposed road widening which slightly reduced the area of the site 2.1.8 April 1979 Property given to National Trust of Australia (NSW) by Miss McManamey. 2.2.1

2.8 Summary of History of Building

Date Comment Reference By 1830 William James had erected improvements on land including hut 2.1.10 By 1833 Thomas Michael Pembroke had hut on right hand side of road adjacent James' improvements 2.1.10 1833 Pembroke's Woodman's Inn Calculations from possibly existed. conditions of land grants, etc. 2.1.5 1835 Woodman's Inn (Licencee Thomas Michael Pembroke) definitely Ditto quoting the existed. Australian Almanac and Directory _------BOUNDA~le? OF' ~"TE-____~ A? i)OL..P TO JoT'o M,MAN~~~Y IN \'1 l+ . __-~OU fJ P,a.;~U=;~ Dt= 41 "rE. IN '1z..t

-41A+~~dH~~--sU60l'IVIDED IN \Q'77 o "*""--*i!-- SOSPIVIPe:P \'1b7

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Fig. 6 ALIE.NATION OF 1-AND 13

Date Comment Reference 1835 Buildings at 20 mile hollow described by Messrs. Backhouse and Walker as "a miserable hovel adjoining a public house which we declined entering some weeks before from the wretched appearance of the place" 2.1.5 1836 Woodman's Inn existed. 2.2.1 Described as "The Messuage Record of mortgc or Tenement and premises thereon" 1839 Description by Louisa Anne Meredith possibly of Woodman's Inn 2.1.5 1842 Illustration by Oswald Brierly entitled "Inn at 20 Mile Hollow" shows building unlike east wing of present building. 2.3.1 1863 Plan drawn of buildings and site for railway construction. The main building and dairy building are in their existing form. The kitchen building is in three parts. Nearby there are a number of other timber buildings now demolished. 2.4.4 1869 Drawing by Vine Hall shows main and dairy building in present form. Dairy building has shingled roof and shutters are painted green. Picket fence has been built. 2.3.2 1874 Mr. Fairfax had 'house and servants' at Woodford 2.1.9 1879 Described as "Woodford (late Buss's), Alfred Fairfax has a commodious residence and large gardens named Woodford' 2.1.10 c.1880 Hague-Smith added to kitchen building 2.1.5 c.1890s Illustration of interior of Woodford House dining room Showing arrangements of some quality 2.3.5 June 1897 Described as "That favourite Mountain Sanatorium Woodford House •• " 2.2.1 buildings are substantial ••• accommodation is large ••• pleasure grounds and orchard extensive .... Mar. 1903 Inventory of contents of Woodford House (rooms named) 2.1.7 Feb.1905 Ditto 2.1.7 1

Woodford Academy from Landscape Art and The Blue Mountains, Hugh Speirs Alternative Publishing Co-operative Limited . (in :National'_~:rust, Librar!) '. ,.... _., ..... --:-- .-' .. ,'" '., ...... "...... , -~'" .

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8. John Vine Hlll 011 tl/(: Blue ,\[(lllllfaillS 2JOOjat rlnJQtioll.\!clT. 11. 1869

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urn';.' at Twenty Mile lIollow". I 842 skc~ch b~ ~wald ..~rierlcr in the Mitchell Libra"

Fig.7 Early Illustrations, 1842 and 1869 15

Reference 1906- 20-30 miscellaneous photographs to date of Academy in possession of Miss Gertrude McMan~ copied by Clive Lucas & Partners, March 1984 2.1.6 1910 Timber concert room blown over. 2.1.5 c.1950s Verandah of kitchen building reconstructed 2.1.6 1976 Verandah of kitchen building removed 2.1.8 1978-82 Repair and adaptation works for 2.1.8 Trust by Clive Lucas Pty.Ltd. (see Appendices) 2.1.1 including: 2.1.2 2.4.2 • conversion of 55 to bathroom conversion of 59 to kitchen • repair of windows to 59,510 & 55 • repair of rear door 58 • removal of vine and repair of stone walls to dairy building • repair of roof and eaves to main building and provision of new gutters and downpipes • reconstruction of chimney over space 8. 16

3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE Reference 3.1 Inspections of the place were made in April­ June 1984. A survey of building finishes was made on 5th April, 1984 (see Appendices). A survey of site features was made on 28th June, 1984.

3.2 Fig. 8 summarises the existing configuration of the site features.

3.3 Fig. 9 summarises the existing configuration of spaces, windows, doors, etc. in the buildings. 3.4 From physical inspection at least 4 stages of construction are evident in the buildings:

1. c.1840 - East Wing (noted 0) 2. c.1855 - West Wing, Dairy Building, Kitchen (part kitchen building) (noted 1) 3. c.1870 - Alteration of West Wing (noted 2) 4. c.1890s - Extension and first storey of kitchen building (noted 3) 3.5 Curtilage, Visual Catchments, Views, etc. Inspection of the site indicates curtilage lines other than the boundaries of the present land ownership are appropriate. The mid-range views of paddocks from the rear of the property are pleasant and it would be unfortunate if this area was developed. The boundary here is very close and a more suitable line is at the old fence line further to the north. The lot to the east (presbyterian Church) is the most intrusive of the neighbouring pro­ perties and here the boundary is also very close. A more suitable line is the west side of the church. None of the neighbouring buildings are particu­ larly detrimental to the character of the house. The most significant surviving feature of the site is the maintenance of the historic link between the buildings and the Great Western Highway. Here the curtilage should extend to the railway property on the other side of the road with the view of controlling development directly opposite the site.

3.6 Condition of Site and Buildings

In early 1984 both site and buildings were in a very poor condition. The buildings were however in a very intact state and some repair works had been done to the main building. The National Trust's Garden Committee had commenc~d a preliminary clearing of undergrowth. [> .. . u..': .... ~··

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4.0 ANALYSIS OF '~VIDENCE 4.1 Site Features Reference Apart from pavir. .:s and other items near the buildings there a:e few features of interest other than the roe. 3 engraved with boys' names from the Academy pc :od.

4.2 Landscape Features

The existence of remnant= of early plantings at the site make further .:-:-=udy desirable. An initial clearing of undergr~wth is necessary before proper inspection can be made.

4.3 Buildings 4.3.1 c.1840 Wing of Buildings = Although the Woodrnan's Inn is documented to have existed in the early 1830s, the existing east wing appears tobe late 1830s or early 1840s in construction. It is possibly earlier but the architectural features of the building, particularly the 4-panel doors suggest early l840s. Oswald Brierly's sketch of the Inn at Site 20 Mile Hollow bears little relationship to inspection this part of the building except for the fact that he illustrates a 5-bay building. If this sketch was drawn at Woodford, the building has . been drastically remodelled. The absence of an eastern chimney in the sketch in particular seems to indicate that the building is not the present one. Perhaps the present building was built for Michael Hogan in the early 1840s. This section of the building is virtually in its original configuration except in space 6 where the chimney breast appears to have been moved from the west wall to the north wall when the connecting door with the ca.18SS wing was made (this is evidenced by the existence of a flue in the wall above this door) • Other alterations include * replacement of all lath and plaster ceilings except in hall with hardboard ·c.19S0 * conversion of centre northern window to door c.l930 * construction of buttress on eastern wall to retain': bulge c.1960s Site * replacement of several door leaves with inspection leaves salvaged from elsewhere in the building at unknown time * installation of kitchen sink in centre northern room c.l950s * renovation qf space 5 c.l979 20

Reference On the north wall of this section there is evidence of a single storey verandah possibly constructed to provide access to the staircase of the kitchen building in c.lBBO. 4.3.2 c.lB55 Wing of Building The physical features of this section suggest a construction period of the l850s, possibly as late as 1860. This corresponds with the purchase of the property by Buss. The railway plan of 1863 confirms the existence of this 2.4.4 section of the building at that stage. The plan of the building clearly indicates an Inn use with large rooms (spaces 15 & 11) available for use as tap room, dining room, etc. and small rooms for accommodation.

An interesting but unexplained feature of this section is the existence of 3 groups of rooms, each with one large room and two adjacent small rooms (see _c.lB55 configuration plan Fig. 11) Much of the .a.1855 Inn configuration and finishes survive, including doorcases, window cases, plaster work, skirting boards, chimney pieces, etc. However, there are numerous sub­ stantial alterations to this section of the building, including - * relocation of partition between spaces 16 & 17. * new doorway between spaces 14 & 15 * blocking of original doorways in north, east and west walls of space 15 and north wall of space 11 Site * conversion of window in space 16 to door­ inspection way using door from south wall of space 11 * relocation of window in space 17 from north to west wall * rearrangement of staircase originally in space 15 and moved to space 16 * formation of hall spaces 7 & 8 including doorways to spaces 9, 11 & 6 and construc­ tion of fireplace in space 11 * installation of etched glass in front door. Some of these changes are of the physical style of c.lB70 or BO and correspond well with the purchase and occupation by Alfred Fairfax in the late IB60s. The Hall sketch of IB69 con- 2.3.2 firms the existence of the new fireplace in space 11 .(additional chimney on roof) •

There is little subsequent alteration to this section of the building except the renovation of spaces 9 and 10 for the occupa­ tion of Miss Gertrude McManamy in c.1979. Reference Other features of note are - * surviving wallpaper and painted decoration c.1870 * introduced doorcase between spaces 14 and 15 is not the same detail as other altera­ tions (indicating perhaps a slightly different time) * evidence of awnings to windows on south elevation of projecting bay (spaces 12-14) * photographic evidence of verandah along north wall linking covered way to kitchen 2.3.3 with introduced doorway in space 16 Site * oversized' fireplace hearth in space 11 inspection' indicates reuse from an earlier fireplace * unexplained inconsistency in construction details of doors under verandah on south side * use of school desk tops and building ele­ ments in patching up of collapsed floors * marks on east wall of space 15 indicating original arrangement of staircase * numbers on doors indicating guest house period bedrooms (these appear to correspond 2.1.7 to the 1905 inventory but not the 1903 inventory) .

4.3.3 Dairy (Western) Building The style and construction details of this building indicate that it was built at the same time as c.1855 wing. However the original roofing of the G.1855 wing was Moorewood and Rogers tiles. This is confirmed by the sketch of 1869. This wing is virtually in its original configuration, the only alteration being: * timber construction addition on north side (possibly original now demolished) * addition of brick lavatories or bathroom on west side (now demolished, footings survive) * construction of rough partition in 'attic, date unknown * construction of rough shelving in spaces 23 and 25 * introduction of boarded dado in space 23 c.1900 * removal of chimney piece in space 23 * serious decay of stonework of space 22 (partly rebuilt c.1982) and at north wall * dislodgement of loft door into garden c.1970 (still survives) * decay ~nd removal of door to space 22 and window to space 23 c.1979 (fragments sur- vive) •

The cause of the stone decay in space 22 is See report not known although use of some chemical appears by Insearch possible. Another cause of decay was the in 2.1.8

...... ,_ .. ~ .... "0 •• ~_ - ...... ~~.,.- ••• -.~ ~~•• - .. ..., ...... -- }-.--: ------22 •. Reference growth of an extensive vine over the south end of the building (removed c.1982)

Features of note on this building include - * original use of half round gutters on ram brackets (remnants survive) * stone flagged floor in space 22. * Check out for plates of extensions of verandahs at south east corner and north wall * original bench in space 25 4.3.4 Kitchen (East) Building This section of the complex was built in a number of stages. The style and construction of the kitchen and adjacent rooms (spaces 27, 28 and 29) indicate that this part was built at the same time as the c.1855 wing. These rooms are virtually intact with the following exceptions - * conversion of barred window in east wall of space 27 to present door in .1910 * construction of wash stand and bench in space 27 c.19l0 * removal of capping or roof to bread oven Site c .• evider: 1880 (when 2-storey verandah was added) conversatic introduction * of servery hole in wall in with Gertrt:, space 29 presumably c.1880. McManamey Items of note in this section include * stone sink and timber draining.rack * fireplace and bread oven construction

The style and construction of the remainder of this building appear to be l880s or 90s. This corresponds to the reported adaptation of the complex to a boarding house by Hague-Smith in c .1880. The addition consists of a large dining room (spaces 31 & 32) with finishes of some quality including wide cornice and marble chimney piece, another large room upstairs (space 36) with similar finishes, possibly a sitting room, and numerous smaller bedrooms. These rooms were accessed from a single storey verandah on the west side (an extension of the c.1855 covered way) and a wide 2-storey verandah on the east side. Both these verandahs are now removed, .but reasonably good photographic and physical evidence survive of at least the eastern verandah.

other subsequent alterations to this part of the kitchen wing include - * conversions of the eastern verandah to a narrower verandah as a result of decay (finally demolished in c.the 1970s) * conversion of spaces 31-35 into a flat c .• 1940 including- 23

Reference * partitioning of spaces 31/32 and 34/35 * introduction of doorways between spaces 32 and 33 * provision of kitchen facilities in Site space 33 and bathroom facilities in space 35 evidence * formation of hallway space and front door in east wall. This is the flat that was occupied by several women tenants.

The upstairs rooms are in original order, but at present there is no access (stair was in­ corporated in verandah - see c.1880s configu­ ration plan Fig. 13).

Features of note on this building include _ * original and subsequent bases for east verandah columns and surviving timber work from this verandah * a number of fibro and timber lavatories and sheds (see site features) * a trunkated kitchen chimney * very rough sandstone construction including lack of proper lintels over windows.

There is some physical evidence of an earlier building within the present building to the north of the kitchen rooms. A thickening of the east . wall in space 32 possibly indicates the rem­ nants ofa stone building shown on the 1863 plan and the mixture of sandstone sizes in these walls seems to confirm an alteration. Conversati, It is said that this building was originally with Gertr. the stables of the complex. If of pre 1880s McManarney construction it is certainly almost completely remodelled. 4.3.5 Summary of Stages of Evolution of Building and Uses

The evolution of the physical fabric for different uses can be summarised as follows :

c.1840 buildingused as small Inn c.1855 additions formed a larger Inn 1868 converted by Alfred Fairfax to form . a large private residence possibly with caretaker's flat c.188Q kitchen building extensively re- modelled and a second storey added by Hague-Smith to form guest house (there appears to have been little physical alteration of the remainder of the house) 1906 (after a short period of use as a private hospital) building was taken over by John MCManarney for use as a private boys' school.

) .) ( 24 '

Reference Subsequently minor alterations including - * creation of wash house in space 27 * forming doorway to exterior in space 27

Since the close of the school in the 1930s the only significant alterations have been - * conversion of ground floor of kitchen building to flat c.1940 . * restructuring and then demolition of verandahs to kitchen building * renovation of spaces 5 and 9 * repair of some windows and doors * installation of septic tank and repair of roof .c.1979 * repair of stonework to dairy building in 1982 Figures 10, 11, 12,13 and 14 show the detailed evolution of the building fabric during these phases. These figures also show room uses where known or where con­ jecture has some basis.

4.4 Discussion of Cultural Significance 4.4.1 Site Features The features contemporary with the construction -of the building such as sandstone flagging, the stone tank, make a large contribution to the significance of the complex and should be con­ sidered as an integral part of the buildings. Not much seems to have survived from the Fairfax and guest house periods with the possible exception of some of the paving and perhaps the water pumps. These are also important as parts of this phase of the development of the buildings.

Of all the site features, however, the engraved rock shelves are probably the most interesting because they graphically demonstra te the use of the building as a school in the early 20th century. The various names personalise the history of the building. 4.4.2 Landscape Features In addition to any inherent significance the landscape at the site may have (not surveyed) the existing landscape does provide an aesthe­ tically pleasing setting for the historic buil­ dings. A number of the mature trees are clearly remnants of the Victorian and Edwardian period. ..,

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Fig.IS: Summary of Evolution of N Buildings .1.0 39

Reference 4.4.3 Buildings c.1840 _ Wing - This is the oldest building on the Blue Mountains (between Emu Plains and Little Hartley). It is also in a very intact condition. In consequence it is a unique example of building construction and inn planning for the region. It is in fact some 30 years older than any other building in the region. Of the very few ~uildings constructed on the Great Western Highway prior to the in­ troduction of the railway in 1868, all have been Fig.16 demolished, except Woodford (the latest being 2.4.3 the Pilgrim Inn at Blaxland which was destroyed by fire in 1968 - see plans by John Lowe in­ cluded in Appendices) •

The plan form is typical of an l830s inn being a series of small rooms (see Gardiner's Inn, Blackheath 1831 and Royal Hotel, Hartley, 1846). The building has interesting joinery and roofing material and is of note because of the lack of a rear door in the original construction. c.1855 Buildings- These buildings are also older than any other building on the Blue Mountains with the possible exception of a house at 14 Homedale Street, Springwood (pre 1850s). Although the building has been altered, the inn layout is known and so the building is still a good and substantial example of a post-Gold Rush period N.S.W. inn. The layout of the c.1855 wing of the building 2.5.4 is interesting because of its three groups of three rooms, again with no rear door. Unlike the c.1840 wing, this plan appears to reflect the functions of an inn. This wing is also of note because of its rare roofing material, its intact attic rooms including its double hung windows which simulate casement windows and its wide beaded lining boards. The Dairy Building - This is a good example of an early Victorian store house built of stone, more substantial than many such buildings built in N.S.W. (c.f. Tasmania). Its interest is enhanced by the surviving shingle roofing under the present corrugated metal roofing and by the fact that it is alm:::>st canpletely mlaltered. The Kitchen Rooms - of the kitchen building are very good examples of early Victorian kitchen arrangements and con­ struction. Their form and finishes are virtually intact. The large fireplace and bread oven con­ struction are amongst the finest surviving examples in N.S.W. and comparable with any such things at the well known public historic buildings around Sydney. The segmental stone arch over the fireplace is a qui te rare._ examp le of its type. -.::--- ~------=-- ,..------

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Reference The combined c.1840s and c.1855 buildings are thus very significant architecturally as examples of construction type and functional type. They are also very significant in an historical sense because they are the only surviving early Victorian inn buildings in the Blue Mountains.

c.1870s Alterations by A. Fairfax - These alterations are confined to the c.1855 wing of the main house and are quite substantial in nature, intended to convert the inn building to a plan suitable for a residence. The work was of good but not outstanding architectural quality and is typical of any large middle class house of the 1870s period, viz. marble fireplaces with iron gates, 4-panelled doors with wide architraves, embossed glass, etc. Perhaps the most notable feature is the surviving painting and wallpaper decoration which is significant because of its rarity (see survey of finishes in Appendices) . Nor are the alterations particularly significant as the work of Alfred Fairfax. Fairfax was a man of some social standing and has a reasonably well 2.1.11 documented history, but cannot be considered a character of particular historical importance.

The c.1870 alterations are perhaps more signifi­ cant as endemic of the historical development of the Blue Mountains generally. During the second half of the 19th century, health became an impor­ tant issue in the growing urban area of Sydney as a result of the lack of provision of sanitary services. This amongst other things gave rise to a growing fashion for the middle and upper classes to establish country houses around Sydney (the term 'change of air' had a very literal meaning at the time). Along with this schools and sanatoriums were also located outside Sydney. This fashion coincided with the development of the railway system across the Blue Mountains. The line reached Weatherboard (Wentworth Falls) in 1868, opening the way for such development in the lower Blue Mountains. Numerous wealthy and prominent individuals soon developed proper­ ties in the area including: John Lucas, MLA (Logi), Geoffrey Eager MLC (Wyoming), Charles Moore MLA & MLC (Moore Court), John Frazer MLC (Silva Plana), James Norton MLC (Echora), Henry 2.5.5 Parkes MLA (Faulconbridge), James Martin MLA (Namantia), Alfred Stephen (Alphington), etc.

Alfred Fairfax, recently successful in business, was one such person. He named the buildings (formerly The King's Arms) Woodford, from which the present town gets its name. He appeared to have resided there inteImittently for about 10 years before financial problems caused him to lease it for use as a guest house. The c. 1870 alterations

) 33

Reference then are a good example of the gentrification of the lower Blue Mountains that occurred in the mid-Victorian period.

c. l880s Alterations to Kitchen Building - In a similar way these alterations are examples of the popularisation of the Blue Mountains as a resort and residential area for the middle classes in the late 19th century. Architecturally the work is of a largely indifferent quality using some better quality materials such as em­ bossed and flashed glass and good quality marble chimney pieces. The conversion of Wood­ ford for use as a guest house, however, does reflect a general tendency in the history of the area. The further improvement of the rail­ way by the elimination of the eastern Zig Zag in 1892 made it possible to travel to the Blue Mountains in a few hours. In consequence people of lesser wealth could also enjoy resi­ dence in the Blue Mountains. Between the early l880s and about 1905 Woodford House operated as a guest house, apparently of some quality. 2.3.5 The earliest reference of this type of use is in fact 1869, but even in the early l880s Woodford House was one of the earliest establish­ ments of this kind. Other hotels and guest houses and their establishment date are listed below - Royal Hotel, Mount Victoria by 1872 . Perry's Family Hotel, Mt. Victoria, by 1873 Criterion Hotel, Springwood, 1876 Springwood Hotel, Springwood, 1877 Hydora House, Blackheath, by 1879 The Swiss Cottage, Katoomba (later the Ritz), early l880s 2.5.5 Welcome Inn, Leura, l880s Conversatic Stratford Cottage, Mt. victoria, by 1881 with John I Biles Hotel, Katoomba, by 1881 Imperial Hotel, Mt. Victoria, by 1881 Royal Hotel, Springwood, 1881 Great Western Hotel, Katoomba, 1882 Wyoming House, Springwood, by 1885 Katoomba Family Hotel, Katoomba, by 1887 Balmoral House, Katoomba, by 1887 Belgravia (later Hydro Majestic), Medlow Bath 1890s

From this it can be seen that the building was amongst ~he earliest guest houses in the Mountains. Academy Period and Alterations - The use of the building as the Woodford Academy between 1907 apd the 1930s entailed few changes to the building frabric. The significance of the Academy as a private school is limited.

-.~-- ..... _._- ..- . 34

Reference There were some 487 such schools in N.S.W. in 1901 and the Woodford Academy has not been picked out by historians as illustrating any , particular 2.5.1 trend or type of school. 2.5.2 John Fraser McManamey is a known and respected Ditto educator of the period, but not a personality of great historical importance.

~he Woodford Academy is perhaps more significant ~3 a surviving example of a typical ,private bc~rding school of the period. Between 1880 and 1911 public education was mostly confined to public schools. In this period secondary education was provided largely by private institutions such as the Academy. In 1911 there was a re­ 2.5.1 form of secondary school education which began Conversatic the int~~duction of secondary schools so that with Ken Cc by 1921 .-':)st country towns of any size had high schools. 3etween 1911 and 1916 state supervision of private schools was also introduced.

The Blue Mou~tains had numerous 19th century schools, established because of the location and climate, to service the metropolitan area including: Katoomba College, Katoomba pre 1887 Stratford Girls' School, Lawson Springwood Ladies College, 1897 2 .. 5.5 Osborne Girls' College, Blackheath, c.1890 Heartlands, Conversatio Springwood with . Welcome Inn, l890s John L Essendene, Katoomba The School (Rienit's), Mt. Victoria, pre 1890 Queens College, Katoomba, pre 1890

All these buildings are now demolished or converted to other purposes.

In consequence the Academy can be seen as a late example of a private school but of note because its establishment, records, furniture and memorabilia has survived well after the closure of the school.

4.4.4 Scientific Significance The Transit of Venus in past centuries has been an astronomical event of great importance. Accurate measuring of the path of Venus across the sun allowed the measurement of distance in the solar system and universe. Captain James Cook's discovery of the east coast of Australia was in a way a consequence of the expedition to observe the event in 1769. 35

However whilst the Transit of Venus in Reference 1874 appeared to offer an opportunity for a much more accurate measurement, there was little improvement on earlier measurements. In 2.5.3 consequence 1874, whilst significant, is not a major event in scientific history. (See Fig.17). I • '\ I i .t I Ij. f

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f··'" :. . Fig.17 WAlTlNli FOB TilE THANSIT, AT WOODFIlIW. ,,,. . Source: 2.1.9 37 ..

5.0 STATEMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 5.1 The principal cultural significance of the Woodford Academy is that: 5.1.1 I't is the oldest building group on the Blue Mountains (between Emu Plains and Little Hartley) and has been largely unaltered since c.1880. 5.1. 2 It is one of the most intact and substantial examples of an early Victorian period roadside inn complex in N.S.W.

5.2 The Woodford Academy is also significant because: 5.2.1 It is the oldest and only extant early Victorian period inn building in the Blue Mountains. 5.2.2 It contains an intact (and the only extant example) of a pre-Gold Rush Blue Mountains inn of typical form. plan 5.2.3 It contains a relatively intact (and the only extant) example of a Gold Rush period inn complex in the Blue Mountains. 5.2.4 The fabric of the buildings reflect (and is physical evidence of) the pre-1914 themes of the social history of the Blue Mountains, viz: c.1840 building reflects the Blue Mountains as an important but relatively low use communication route c.1855 building reflects the Blue Mountains as a busy communication route during the N.S.W. Gold Rush c.1870 alterations relfect the Blue Mountains as a "Hill Station" area for the wealthy in the 1870s after the coming of the railway. c.1880s alterations and use as an Academy from 1907 reflects the growing popularity of the Blue Mountains with the middle class as a holiday, health and edu­ cational area between 1880 and 1914. 5.2.5 It retains the intact layout and significant amounts of furniture and memorabilia of an early 20th century private boarding school typical of the period prior to the introduction of government secondary school education in N.S.W. c.1911. 5.2.6 It is associated with a scientific event of note, viz. the Transit of Venus, 1874. 5.2.7 It is an :excellent example of 19th century building construction with many rare· features including: c.1840 wing of gable form unusual joinery in c.1840 wing extensive use of Moorewood & Rogers pattern galvanised iron tiles many surviving. sections of painted and wall­ papered interior decorations

) .. ' .. :. -...... - ...... ' .' ...... '.'

38

double hung windows in imitation of casement windows unusual door construction in c.1855 section unusual double beaded lining boards in attics of c.1855 section unusually heavy covered way construction fine barrel vaulted stone tank very large kitchen fireplace with semicircular head and bread oven and surviving stone sink rare example of a segmental stone fireplace arch

5.2.8 The buildings retain their immediate garden setting containing remnants of its 19th and early 20th century site and landscaping features •

.J ) '. 39 ,'"'

6.0 CONSTRAINTS

6.1 Physical Constraints Arising from the Statement of Significance Reference t Statement c Significar 6.1.1 Demolition or alteration of the c.1840 and c.1855 parts of the group should not be 5.1.1 permitted. 5.2.7 5.2.1 6.1.2 The maximum amount of c.1840 & c.1855 fabric 5.1.1 possible should be retained during any repair 5.1.2 work called for in the conservation policy 5.2.7 5.2.1 6.1. 3 The rare features of the building group should, in particular, be preserved, repaired and and maintained 5.2.7 6.1.4 No action or activity should take place that detracts from the fact that the building group is the oldest in the Blue Mountains • 5.1.1 6.1.5 No action or activity should take place that confuses the relationship of the building group with the Great Western Highway. 5.1. 2 6.1.6 No action or activity should take place that 5.2.1 confuses the fact that the building was an early inn 5.2.2 5.2.3 6.1. 7 No action or activity should take place which negates that the fabric of the buildings succinctly reflects the pre 1914 themes of the social history of the Blue Mountains. 5.2.4 6.1.8 Removal or destruction of the furniture, records and memorabilia of the Wood ford Academy should not be permitted. These should be conserved. 5.2.5 6.1. 9 No action or activities should take place which detracts from the association of the place with the observation of the Transit of Venus in 1874. 5.2.6 6.1.10 No new development or activity should be allowed in the immediate garden of the buildings that lessen it as a setting for the buildings. 5.2.8 6.1.11 The remnants of the 19th and early 20th century and landscape features should be conserved. 5.2.8 6.1.12 No action or activity should take place which 5.1.2 . could destroy a potential archaeological resource. 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3.3 5.3.4

) .. 40 ,.

6.2 Procedural Constraints Arising fr.om statement of Significance Burra Char Referenc Since the building is of considerable cultural significance the Articles of the ICOMOS Burra Charter apply to activities at the place. These include the following procedural requirements:

6.2.1 The place should be adequately recorded before any further disturbance of it. (This has been done for this report (see Figs.8 & 9 and Appendices) although more detailed records of particular areas may be warranted before new work is carried out) • Article 23 6.2.2 A record of evidence discovered should be kept during any work at the place. Article 27 6.2.3 The organisations and individuals responsible for fur.ther policy decisions and works at the place should be named. Article 26 6.2.4 Copies of all reports should be placed in a permanent archive. Article 28

6.3 Graded Zones of Significance of Interior Spaces of the House

Considering the evidence the Statement of Significance . and the above constraints, gradings of interior spaces are possible based on the following criteria:

Category 1 - Intact c.1840 space of high architectural quality with intact or reconstructable finishe~ Category 2 - Intact c.1840 space with ~ntact or recon­ structable finishes. Intact c.1855 space of high architectural quality with intact or reconstructable finishes and with surviving 19th century decoration:-

Category 3 - Intact c.1855 space of high architectural quality with intact or reconstructable finisheE ~ with surviving 19th century decoration. Space substantially altered in 1870s of archi­ tectural quality and with surviving 19th century decoration:- Category 4 - Intact c.1840s space, finishes not reconstruc­ table. Intact c.1855 space with intact or re con­ structable finishes. Space substantially altered in the 1870s and of architectural quality or with surviving 19th. century decoration. .. 42

c.1880 space of high architectural quality ~ with surviving 19th century decoration. Category 5 - c.1855 space finishes not reconstructable. Space substantially altered in the l870s. c.1880 or Academy period space with intact or reconstructable finishes.

Category 6 - c.1870s, l880s or Academy period spaces finishes not reconstructable or of low architectural quality.

Category 7 - Space formed relatively recently or relative recent addition. Category 8 - Space should be removed.

The results of this ranking are shown in Fig. 18.

6.4 External Constraints Arising out of the Significance of the place. Reference 6.4.1 The property is not the subject of any notice or order under the Heritage Act of N.S.W. Communicatic June 1984 6.4.2 The property is included in the Register of the National Estate and described as follows: "Woodford Academy (former Inn) Great Western Highway Woodford A large group of sandstone Georgian buildings, comprising a single-storey section built c.1828 and a larger "T"-wing with attic (1840). Further sandstone additions were made to the kitchen wing in 1860. In 1870 Alfred Reg. Nat. Fairfax purchased it as a private resi­ Estate p.2/ dence and renmaed it 'Woodford' and shortly after, a second storey in brick was added. to the kitchen wing. The town of Woodford takes its name from the property andits siting close to the highway is an important reminder of the Colony's westwards development." 6.4.3 The property is classified by the National Trust of Australia and described as follows:

"An intact' early colonial coaching inn which is probably the most historic building in the Blue Mountains. It was used as an inn all through the gold rush period and served in a similar capacity until its conversion to a boarding school. The town of Woodford takes its name from the property and its situ­ ation close to the Great Western Highway makes it an important reminder of the Colony's west- 43,.

Reference wards development. The property unfortunately Nat. Trust requires urgent repairs to walls, floors and roof Listing Pr to prevent serious decay and in some places, posal danger of collapse." Nov. '73. 6.4.4 The building appears in the draft inventory of the recent Blue Mountains Heritage Study. 2.5.4 6.4.5 The building is scheduled as an historic building pursuant to the Local Environment Communicat Plan No.4, December 1981. Under this plan May 1984 virtually any work to the buildings is sub­ ject to the local authority's consent.

6.5 other External Constraints 6.5.1 The property is situated beside the Great Western Highway and so is subject to the normal restrictions concerning access to and from highways. At present there is·an unbroken line on the road which prevents legal right hand turns to the property by vehicles travelling west. 6.5.2 The speed of traffic makes kerbside parking perceptibly unsafe. There is virtually no parking space around the building unless the neighbouring church property is used. The traffic also deters parking on the other side of the road.

6.5.3 The. property is in a residential zoning. Changes of use are subject to the consent of the local authority. Normal building consents apply. The site is not in an area where Water Board sewerage service is available. 6.5.4 The property is in such a position that a resi­ dent caretaker is probably necessary to minimise the chances of vandalism. 6.5.5 The present occupant of the site, Miss Gertrude McManamey, has a life tenancy. This does not greatly affect house repair and reconstruction work, but is a constraint on consideration of new uses of the property. 6.5.6 Much of the vacant land around the place is not owned by .the National Trust of Australia (NSW). The boundaries on the east and north of the property are particularly close. 44

6.6 Constraints Arising out of the Physical Condition of the Buildings Reference 6.6.1 Generally the condition of the buildings, whilst poor, is not such as to affect the options of a Conservation Policy. 6.6.2 The exception to the above is the c.1880s section of kitchen building which has the following problems _ serious structural cracks on western

Enough information is known to reconstruct these items but the expense would be considerable and mind.possibly not warranted without a definite use in 6.6.3 There is no staircase to the upstairs rooms of the kitchen building. 6.6.4 Before repdr work began in April '84 immediate work was necessary on roofs of dairy and kitchen buildings gutters and downpipes of kitchen buildings diversion of ground stormwater alleviation of effects of gum tree on footings and pavings other maintenance items

Some of this work has been done but work to the kitchen building has been delayed until policy decisions have been made. 6.6.5 Except along the western side the property is not fenced.

6.7 Constraints Arising out of the Documentary Evidence 6.7.1 Early Inns Considering the eXisting known documentation of the place a detailed authentic reconstruction of the King's Arms Inn interiors would be difficult. The reconstruction of the building fabric itself Would be possible but there is little information about the

It is reasonable to assume however that more evidence, both physical and documentary, would come to light during a properly conducted conservation programme. 45

6.7.2 Woodford Reference Similar to above. Substantial remnants of wallpaper and painted decoration appear to exist from this period.

6.7.3 Woodford House More information including two inventories of furni ture and effects are known to exist. The chances of a great deal of information coming to light are good.

6.7.4 Woodford Academy A large proportion of the furniture, records and memorabilia for the period is in existence albeit in quite poor ordeD making authentic restoration and reconstruction to this period very feasible.

6.8 Constraints Arising out of the Ownership of the Place

The house is owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and is in a prominent position. There will be thus an expectation on the part of passers-by that what is to be seen at the property is authentic. Unless it is clearly apparent that the house is not restored, visitors will assume that it is and that the details and finishes are correct for the colonial period. This implies either a straight­ forward approach to the building's reconstruc­ tion or an effective interpretation system to explain subtleties. ... l , ..

46

7.0 Reference DRAFT CONSERVATION POLICY ARISING OUT OF STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE AND PHYSICAL CONDITION 7.1 Discussion

Considering the above constraints it is now possible to set out a list of policies about the way the physical fabric of the house should be treated. A use should be chosen for the property that allows as m.any as possible of these policies to be implemented.

The conservation and reinstatement of many parts of the building can be proposed as below without further comment. There are a number of problem areas however which require further explanation.

7.1.1 Treatment of c.1855 (West) Wing - This wing is principally significant because of its age and becaus~ it was built as an inn; yet there are c.1870 alteratics of some signi­ ficance. The alterations in spaces 7-11 are distinctly 1870 or 80s in style and therefore . can clearly be seen to be an adaptation of the house to a residence. The alterations in spaces 15-17 involved the reuse of materials, are far more subtle, and so confuse the inter­ pretation of the evolution of the old inn.

A course of action which neatly allows the re­ construction of inn features and still acknow­ ledges the significance of the c.1870 alterations is to maintain the configuration. of space 7-11 and reconstruct spaces 15-17 to their former configuration (see Fig.19).

7.1.2 Treatment of Kitchen Wing - The c.1880s additiomto this wing are significant but probably not so significant as to warrant the total reconstruction of the building. Stabili­ sation of this building adequately fulfills the need to acknowledge this period in the evolution of the complex. Reconstruction could be carried out but this seems only worthwhile if a use is found.

7.2 Draft Conservation Policy Statement

The following is a draft policy arising out of the statement of significance, the physical condition and other constraints listed in Section 6. 47

Reference The conservation of the Woodford Academy should to Constra: emphasise the primary significance of the place as the oldest building in the Blue Mountains and one of the most substantial early Victorian inn complexes in N.S.W. The conservation of the place should also acknowledge that the building reflects the pre-1914 themes of the social history of the Blue Mountains and that the place retains furniture, records and memorabilia typical of an early 20th century private school.

7.3 Consequences of Policy statement

N.B. "presented" means "interpreted to the public" and does not necessarily mean recon­ struction of decorations and furnishings. See Fig.19. 7.3.1 Exterior of c.1840 & c.1855 Buildings - Generally restore and reconstruct to pre Fairfax period 6.1.1 (pre 1868) and present as early Victorian 6.1.6 inn. - "The King's Arms" 6.1.4 7.3.2 Interior of c.1840 Wing - Generally restore and reconstruct to Academy 6.1.1 period (post 1906) and present as classrooms 6.1.3 etc. ~ "Woodford Academy". Reconstruct 6.1.4 selected items to pre Fairfax period. 6.1.8 7.3.3 Part Interior of c.1855 Wing (Spaces 7-11) - <·Restore and reconstruct to Fairfax period (post 1868) and present as residence, guest house - (Woodford 6.1.7 House) or Academy 6.1.8

7.3.4 Part interior of c.1855 Wing (Spaces 10-17) Restor.e and reconstruct to pre Fairfax (pre 6.1.1 1865) and present as early Victorian inn - 6.1.3 "The King's Arms" 6.1.4 6.1.6 7.3.5 Interior of c.1855 Dairy Building - Restore to early 20th century period. Since 6.1.1 almost no alterations have been made the period 6.1.4 of presentation is optional. 6.1.6 7.3.6 Interior 6.1.7 of c.1855 Kitchen Rooms (Spaces 27-29) - Restore to early 20th century period - present 6.1.1 as guest·house or Academy kitchen. 6.1.4 6.1.6 6.1. 7.3.7 Exterior of c.1880s Additions to Kitchen Buildinq - Stabilise in existing form. Restore and recon­ struct building if compatible use is found. Recon­ struct verandahs if use requires these elements. Limited 6.1.7 adaptation (new doorways, wall removals, 6.6.2 partitioning, additions) acceptable if sympatheti­ ) cally designed. ..

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•• ~ J Fiq.19 .. :N Summary of Implementat lr)n nf 4S Reference to Constrain 7.3.8 Use of Woodford Academy Memorabilia - Create museum in some spaces of building using surviving furniture, 6.1.7 records and memorabilia. 6.1.8 7.3.~ Site Preserve significant site features 6.1.11 6.1.5 Relandscape roadside garden to emphasise former use as inn Stabilise ground around kitchen building for low maintenance 6.1.7 Policy for garden to await further report Restore and reconstruct garden as an appro­ priate setting for significant buildings 6.1.11 Limited adaptation (drives, car parks, new 6.1.10 buildings etc.) acceptable if sympathetically 6.1.11 designed. 6.1.12 7.3.10 Off-site Features and Other Developments - The Trust should endeavour to influence acti­ vities on adjacent sites to take regard of the significance of the property, particularly in relation to: Preservation of engraved rocks 6.1.11 Relationship of Great Western Highway to buildings 6.1.5 Development of open space at rear of place 6.1.10 Redevelopment of adjacent land

7.3.11 Adaptation of Interior Spaces - As a general guide to future intervention: spaces of higher rank should be conserved in preference to those of lower rank. (See Section 6.3) 6.1.2 where detrimental intervention is unavoidable this should occur in spaces of lower rank before spaces of higher rank. 6.1.2 More specifically :

The fabric of Category 1 spaces should be pre­ served, restored and reconstructed in such a way as to demonstrate their significance. Furnishings and decoration should respect the historic character of the building. Activities should be controlled so as not to prejudice the associa­ tion of these rooms with their £ormer owners.

The fabric of Categories 2 and 3 spaces should be preserved and restored and recon- structed. No original material should be re­ moved or any action taken to confuse the sense of the spaces or original finishes. 50

Reference The original fabric of Category 4 spaces should be preserved and restored. Reconstruction is desirable provided sufficient detailed infor­ mation becomes available. Adaptation may be permitted to the extent of installing fixtures, services and reversible partitions but no structural openings should be made.

The fabric of Categories 5 & 6 spaces may be adapted provided this does not affect the external appearanceof the building. New reversible partitions can be installed and discrete structural openings made. Whole walls should not be removed unless to re­ construct spaces of higher significance rating.

The fabric of Category 7 spaces may be adapted as above. Demolition may be desirable in­ order to reconstruct spaces or areas of higher significance.

7.3.11 Conservation Processes - Works shall generally be carried out in 6.1.2 accordance with the ICOMOS Burra Charter, in 6.2 particular 'Conservation Processes', Articles 6.1.7 11 to 22 and constraint item 6.2. 7.3.12 Ground Works - Substantial disturbances of the ground in the area should not be made without appropriate 6.1.12 . supervision and recording.

\ 8.0 DRAFT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 Generally

The following is a list of works that would be carried out if the Draft Conservation Policy was adopted. Many of these items would re­ quire further physical investigation before details were finalised.

8.2 Exterior of c.1840 Wing

Repair of fabric in existing form Remove buttress on east wall and restore walling Reconstruct flagging on part of verandah Reconstruct shutters to windows Reconstruct window in 84 Remove partition between 85 and 827 and restore pavings Reconstruct eastern chimney Paint in Inn colour scheme

8.3 Interior of c.1840 Wing

Repair fabric in existing form Reconstruct floor in 81 Restore lining to west door in 81 Remove kitchen sink and drainage from 84 Reconstruct ceiling linings in most rooms Possibly decorate and furnish as Woodford Academy class rooms museum 8.4 Exterior of c.1855 Wing

Restore original double door in south wall of 811 Reconstruct shutters to windows where missing Reconstruct door in west wall 815 Restore window in north wallof 817 Block up window opening in west wall of 817 Reconstruct window in north wall of 816 Restore and reconstruct stonework along base of north wall Reconstruct covered way from 88 to kitchen building Cut back Eucalyptus tree root and repair wall and flagging at south east corner of 812 Paint in Inn colour scheme 8.5 Interior of c.1855 Wing Restructure floors Reconstruct flooring and skirtings Provide subfloor ventilation Install damp proofing courses in walls Restore stairca~e in 815 Restore doorway in north wall of 815 Reconstruct wall between 817 and 816 Restore chirnneypiece in 815 • 52

Remove staircase in 816 for reuse in 815 Reconstruct doorway in east wall of 815 Reconstruct plaster ceilings in 812,13,14,15, 16 & 17 Preserve wallpaper decoration in 815 & 811 Possibly decorate and furnish 87-11 as resi­ dence or Academy museum Possibly decorate and furnish 815-17 as King's Arms museum

8.6 Exterior of c.1855 Dairy Building

Repair fabric in existing form Reconstruct stonework to north and south walls Reconstruct door to 822 Reconstruct window to 823 Reconstruct external shutters Remove roofing to clean out remainder of vine, refix roofing preserving surviving shingles Provide new gutters and gutter spikes to match existing New downpipes Restore loft door Paint in Inn colour scheme

8.7 Interior of c.1855 Dairy Building

Repair fabric in existing form Reconstruct walls to 822 for plaster finish Restructure floors in 823,24,25 Restore and reconstruct flooring and skirting boards Replaster walls as necessary Restore plaster ceilings as necessary Test and strengthen central beam where damaged by white ants Preserve wallpaper decoration in 823 Reconstruct chimney piece in 823 Repair dado boarding in 823 Possibly decorate and furnish as c.1900 out­ house museum

8.8 Exterior of 8paces 27, 28, 29 - Kitchen Building Restore fabric in existing form Provide roof to bread oven construction and point up stonework Remove 1940s laundry Preserve doorway in east elevation of 827 Paint in early colour scheme

8.9 Interior 8paces 27, 28, 29 - Kitchen Building Repair fabric in existing form Preserve cement paving in 827 Uncover and repair stone flagging in 828 Restore and reconstruct plaster ceilings Repair floor 829 Repair wall plaster Preserve wash basins in 827 Possibly decorate and furnish as c.1900 kitchen 53

8.10 Exterior c.1880s Section of Kitchen Building

Stabilise this section of building from further decay, including check over and rescrew of roof replacing rusted roofing as necessary Repair of fascia boards and provision of new gutters and downpipes and drainage. Secure door and window frames where loose, sheeting doors and windows leaving ventilation spaces Stabilise structura~ crack at south west corner of S31 Get doors in working order and provide pad bolts and locks Paint exposed timber work Point up stonework where structural failure could occur Waterproof at door thresholds

8.11 Interior of c.1880s Section of Kitchen Building No works

8.12 Site Works

Re-landscape area of garden between building and Great Western Highway, including removal of kerbing if possible to strengthen re­ lationship of building with road. Provide suitable inn sign or other indication of the building's importance Remove privy at eastern end of building Preserve all engraved rocks to the east and north of building Lower ground levels on west side of dairy building for health of building Preserve and weatherproof pumps outside kitchen door . Repair and reconstruct stone pavings selectively Remove building rubble and collect and sort out artifacts strewn around site

) ---'::::.;.: ------.. -- --- APPENDIX 1 - Title Search by M. Reymond · .~ May, 1984 - Reference 2.2. I 54

WOODFORD ACADEMY GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY WOOD FORD , NSW The buildings which comprise the Woodford Academy stand on part of Portion 1 (50 acres) of the Parish of Woodford County of Cook originally granted to Michael Hogan by a Crown Grant dated 30 July 1842. Prior to that date this land had been promised to Thomas Michael Pembroke of which he was authorised to take possession on 28 October 1835 as a primary grant in pursuance of a conditional promise made originally by Governor Darling on 23 November 1830.

In March 1836 Pembroke described then as "of 20 Mile Hollow Bathurst Road ... Inkeeper", (this being the name by which Woodford was originally known), borrowed from John Terry Hughes and John Hoskins both of Sydney, the sum of £120 on the security of this property. The mortgage described the property as "50 acres ... situate at 20 Mile Hollow ... together with the messuage or tenement and premises thereon erected and built and called or known by the name of the Woodman's Inn ... ". Further sums of £40 and £50 were subsequently borrowed on the security of this property in March 1836 and January 1837. In September 1839 Pembroke then described as "of 20 Mile Hollow Bathurst Road ... Publican" sold the property to Michael Hogan then described as of· "Penrith ... Settlor" for the sum of £450. The property at this time was described as in the 1836 description except' that it was then said to be "subject to a demise (lease) thereof to G K Bryant for the term of two years from 1 April 1839 at a yearly rental of £80 ...... In l-1arch 1855 Hogan then described as of "Emu Plains Settlor" sold the property to William Buss of "Cowra Settlor" for the sum of £1,040. Buss retained the property until he died on 25 October 1867 leaving goods valued at that time of £4,296. By his Will dated 19 September 1865 in which he was described as of "18 Mile Hollow Bathurst Road Licensed Victualler" he left a life interest in all his property to his wife Bri~get Buss with the residue to his daughters. In August 1868 his wi=e and all his daughters sold the property to Alfred Fairfax of Sydney "Esquire" for the sum of £450. The property was then mortgaged several times by Fairfax until he apparently defaulted. The last mortgagee then put the property up for sale by public auction on 29 June 1897 when it was sold together with other property to David Flannery for £2,100. At the time of the auction the property was described (S.M.H. 26 June 1897 at page 15) together with an adjoining 40 acre parcel of land as follows:- "That favourite MOUNTAIN SANATORIUM WOODFORD HOUSE with 2 Blocks of land, an area 40 3/4 acres and 50 acres respectively. 55

A few minutes walk westerly from the RAILWAY STATION having large frontage to the MAIN WESTERN ROAD, and embracing the PICK SITES of the district.

THE BUILDINGS are substantial; the ACCOMMODATION IS LARGE; the pleasure grounds and orchard extensive; walks charming, air recommended by the medical faculty.

BY 'ORDER OF THE MORTGAGEE

...... FOR POSITIVE SALE WOODFORD HOUSE and GROUNDS,

in area 90 3/4 acres Let on lease at £200 per annum"

In November 1906 ·the property was brought under the provisions of the Real Property Act. It was then said to be valued at £1,400 and to be in the occupation-of Edward Graves as a monthly tenant. At this time it was called Woodford House and Grounds.

In December 1908 the property was subdivided into two portions the greater part of which was sold off by Flannery to Mary Jane Waterhouse wife of GustaV1ls John Waterhouse of "Woodford Land OWner "with the remainder comprising some 12-1/2. acres on which the Woodford Academy stood being sold in July 1914 to John 56

Fraser McManamey described then as "of Woodford, Director of the Woodford Academy". A plan survives showing the portion sold in July 1914 (FP946893). McManamey further subdivided the property in 1924 reducing the area around the buildings to a block 370 ft long by a depth of 300 ft (FP309607). In about 1937 he further subdivided the property into Lots A and B (FP 334699).

Following McManamey's death the property was inherited by Gertrude McManamey in February 1949.

In 1962 the remaining area of just over 2 acres was subdivided into two lots (DP214112s) the buildings being located on Lot 1 of this subdivision. A further subdivision followed in 1963 when Lot 1 was resubdivided into two lots (DPS0340S), the buildings now being located on Lot 1 in this subdivision. In April 1979 the property was acquired by the National Trust of Australia (New South Wales).

M. B. REYMOND

21 May, 1984

052184sm8689B

) APPENDIX 2 - Survey of Finishes - Thursday 5/4/1984 57 Space 1 - Floor 4~ cypress pine Skirting - original, approx. 7" reeded Walls - original plaster Ceiling - original lath and plaster Space 2 - Floors - .original 6" hardwood Skirting - 9"· with ovolo top probably origin'al Walls - original plaster Ceiling - sheeted and battened. C.19l5 Chimney breast - no staff moulds Space 3 - Floors - original 6xl hardwood Skirtings - 5" with beaded top original Walls - original plaster Ceiling - sheeted and battened, ca.1925

Window has no staff moulds. Space 4- Floors - covered in lino but probably original 6 x 1" boards Skirting - as for Space 6 Walls, original plaster Ceiling sheeted .c.1955 Space 6 - Floor - covered with lino but original hardwood 6 x 1 floor boards i Skirting - 9" ~econd original with moulded top Walls - original plaster, no staff moulds at chimney or door Cornice - timber moulded c,1890s I Ceiling 4" V-jointed boarding c.1890s Space 5<­ Bathroom - Floor - tiled 1979 Skirting - 6" tile 1979 Walls - plaster patched 1979 Ceiling - sheeted with scotia cornice 1979 Bathroom fittings as shown Space 7 - 6 x 1 pine floors c.1870s skirtings with moulded top Original plastered wall Cornice - timber moulded Ceiling - 4" v-jointed c.1890 Space 8 - As for Space 7 Manhole in ceiling Manhole in east wall just below cornice Space 9 - Floor - cork tiles 1979 Skirting - 5" splayed 1979 Walls - patched plaster 1979 Cornice - 6xl 1979 Ceiling - 10" T&G boards date? Kitchen fittings as shown

-- -,.. - 58 Space 10 Floor - particle board 1979 Skirting - nil Walls - lower section sheeted with fibro 1979 remainder original plaster Coat cleat on south wall Cornice - none ceiling - 6" beaded lining boards c.1890 Space 11 - Floors - mixture of different T&G boards, 6 x 2~ joists all rotten, at present being removed Skirting - c.1870s Small sections of another profile, possibly c.1850. Walls - plastered for paper finish Cornice - timber mOUlding Ceiling - 4" v-jointea b6~rds c.189U Space 12 - Floors - yarious poards, difficult to tell which is original Skirting board - 300mrn 2piece with moulded top .c.1850s Walls original plaster .Cornice - nil Ceiling now missing, but was lath and plaster Fireplace has staff moulds Fireplace has stone reveals and lintel Space 13 - Floor as for Space 12 Skirting board, 7" with moulded top, c.1850s Walls, original plaster Ceiling - dilapidated lath and plasteF Space 14 - Floors - as for Space 13 Skirting as for Space 13 Walls - plastered Cornice - none Ceiling - originally lath and plaster, now 7" beaded pine boards Space 15 - Floors - mixture of boards, impossible to tell which is first Skirting - 290 with Torus top c.1850s Walls - plaster STaff moulds on chimney breast Ceiling - originally lath and plaster but now stripped and varnished Fireplace has stone sides and lintel Lath and plaster in corner for stair I Space 16 - I Floors as for 15 I Skirting - 220 mou~ded top I Walls - plastered staff mould at stairwell Ceiling - is 6" lining boards as for space 14 with 2" scotia West wall has drop. about 4" uniformly Space 17 - Flooring as for space 16 Skirting, walls, ceiling as for space 16 59 Space l7A - as for space 20 South wall plastered Doors in this section are numbered 17 being the highest Space 18 - As for space 20

Space 19 - Floor, skirting, walls, ceiling similar to 21 Space 20 - Floor as for 21 Skirting as for 21 Walls 5" beaded lining boards Ceiling 5" beaded lining boards with scotia cornice Space 21 - Floor - 6xl pine Skirting - 5" with moulded. top c.1855 Walls - plastered to chimney breast and north wall East and west walls boarded with 5xl beaded lining boards Ceiling 5 x 1 . beaded lining boards with 1" finish scotia cornice Space 22 - Floor - stone Walls - north is missing, east badly decayed from salt damp, south badly decayed from salt damp, west partly replaced ca. 1980 Finish originally plastered Ceiling, originally lath and plaster, now exposed joists and flooring above 6 x 1 T&G boards, pine Space 23 - Floor - timber but difficult to tell what was original boarding Walls - wainscot up to 5 ft. level of 6xl beaded lining boards Plaster on walls above Lath and plaster ceiling Boarded south wall has hessian covering with paper finish Loose shutter in this room Space 24 - Original hardwood 6xl boards Walls - plastered Skirting board is 6" timber with 19 torus moulding Walls plastered Ceiling lath and plaster, limewash finish Space 25 - Floor, original 6xl Walls, plastered Ceiling was lath and plastered, now collapsed. This room contains many old sashes and shutters and other bits of architectural hardware. Space 26 - Loft Floor 6xl T&G pine Roof framing, original with original shingles under present roofing Boarded partition at southern end as shown Space 27 - Floor - a cement floor, possibly over flags Walls - plastered Ceiling - lath and plaster 60 Space 28 - Kitchen Floor - stone flagged partly topped with cement Walls, plastered - evidence of 7" skirtings Cornice set square Ceiling lath and plaster with small ceiling rose In room there are remains of joinery, bins, plate racks, stone sinks, etc. Also a sign saying 'Woodford Academy' Space 29 - Floor - Replacement 6" pine flooring Skirting - can't determine profile Walls, plastered Ceilings plastered, Set square cornice Space 30 - Ditto Ceiling is badly collapsing Space 31 - originally together with spaces 30 and 32 Timber floor 4" T&G 310 skirting with moulded top c.1890s Plastered walls Plaster cornice Lath and plaster ceiling and ceiling rose Partitions are fibro and bitumen paper linings

Space 32 - Ditto Rendered brick hearth Addi tional ceiling rose East wall thickness changes for unknown reason Space 33 - Solid floor, brick paved No skirting Plastered walls Splayed cornice on chimney breast Lath and plaster ceiling, small ceiling rose Chimney breast altered to incorporate cast iron stove Bench, drainer as shown Space 34 - Brick paved floor No skirting Plastered walls Masonite ceiling with scotia cornice A brick step at door to space 33 Space 35 - Brick on paved floor Evidence of skirting, but no skirting Plastered walls Masonite ceiling with 2" scotia cornice East wall is not full height

) 61

Space 36 - Floor - 6" pine boards Skirting - timber c.1890 Walls - plastered Cornice - moulded plaster Ceiling - plaster with small rose Spaces 37 - 42 Floor - 4" pine boards Skirting & Walls - as for S36 Cornice set square Ceiling - plaster with small rose

Verandah - VI Stone flagged floor 150 x 50 stop chamfered columns 100 plate with beaded front and back linings Verandah soffit 180 beaded lining boards Verandah - V2 Ditto Flagging in larger sizes Columns the same Verandah soffit boards are an inch or so bigger Kitchen Wing - Exterior - Walls Original kitchen has basecourse 12: ashlar walls, stone sills, stone lintels, rest of ground floor stonework has splayed sills in cement. Masonry over door heads is supported by steel lintels

First floor level - Brickwork in colonial bond Large brick heads and rendered splayed sills Box eaves overhang of approx. 350 mm Quadra~gutters, c.g.i. roofing Brick chimneys

Dairy Building Block - No basecourse, 9" stone wall in ashlar Stone lintels and stone thresholds c.g.i. roof over original shingles Evidence of half round gutters, half round brackets

Main building - ~ast wing Ashlar walls with no plinth in 9" courses with stone sills stone lintels and There is an eaves overhang on the gable end of about 10" with unusual moulding pattern Buttress at east end rendered, possibly rebuilt This wall has been repointed in cement Roof is Moorewooa and Rogers pattern Brick and stone chimneys and iron flashings Lead flashings to c'himneys

- 62

West Wing - 12" basecourse and then 9" ashlar walls Thefascia main roof has about 7" eaves wi th lining boards and beaded Verandahroofing tilesstructure is separate sheeted in Moorewood and Rogers Gables end match original wing Verandah ends are vertically boarded with 6xl beaded boards Westridging roof slope is sheeted in gal. iron with Moor~ood and Rogers Lead flashings to dormers Original ogee pattern on dormers Section of roofing on north side replaced ca.1970 with reproduction. Moorewood and Rogers tiles ! · -'

63 APPENDIX 3 - Notes Made from Files of National Trust of Australia (NSW) - (Reference 2.1.8), May, 1984

SYDNEY Morning Herald 30.4.1932 WOODFORD Days of early History .',

Greetings from Woodford Academy pamphlet undated

"In 1842 Captain Bull made his headquarters to the west. The old academy being erected as a barracks for his men ••••• The solid stone house known· as Woodford Academy came into existence as a barracks after the camp to the east broken was up upon the arrival in Woodford of Captain Bull in 1842 with 50 men of his Regiment. Lot 1 had been previously occupied by Williams James in the 1820's: he had small a house of slabs and stone. Thomas Pembroke pertained a promise of the land upon which James was living and built his Inn along side of James's house. Pembroke's was ~aken over by Hogan and the present house appears to stand c.'. the original site of James' shut. AL "r the departure of the soldiers the building was by :.lliam purchased Buss .••..•••• who's Inn,: 'The King's Arms', was fame 3 for 20 years, though frequently referred to .•••... as 'Buss's' in the early 1870's a Sydney businessman, Alfred Fairfa~:, purchased the property from Buss's widow, as a.private using it residence. A considerable amount of extra land was added to the original 50 acres, including acre the 10 police paddock upon which Bull's stockade stood. 18 July 1962 Department of Main Road Reviews Road Widening Plan Research by Frank H Cleal 15 Eaton Road West Pennant Hills 2120

because of early paintings by Cptn JohnVine Hall, the eastern he feels part of the building was. built 1825/28 and the western segment 1840/45.

Cleal mentions linens lodged at Mitchell Librarv. Linens were measured drawings by Cleal c.1968. Sydney Morning Herald 30.4.1932 Historic facts concerning Woodford (Blue Mountains) The Woodford Academy etc. From a letter dated 27th June 1969 from Ref. L.T. Lambert 10th January 1982 City of Blue Mountains ~ouncil request Trust to purchase Woodford Academy with grant from Government. 64 P.W. Springgs - "Our Blue Mountains' Yesterdays"

Sydney Morning Herald 30 5 1972 Death notice of Jessie Elizabeth MacManamy, aged 77 18 January 1973 Mr Brian MacDonald arranges to visit the Academy and give advice about condition

Report of the meetings of Ad hoc Committee to prepare submission 0: on Commonwealth Government Grant Programme, 15th January, 1973.

Chain Map

9 February 1973 Report on large gum tree by Forestry Commission NSW Note from Richard Che.vell 1836 Mortgage on the building then known as Woodman's Inn on 50 acres.

Blue Mountains Advertiser 26 April presumably 1973 page 1 "Blue Mountains City Council will spend more than $100 to preserve a 50 year old gum tree at Woodford.'~

History notes from Ferguson Memorial Library.

Woodford Academy Prospectus undated

"The grounds are extensive and suitable and include a football, and cricket field and a tennis court. Also a vege­ table garden and cows are kept."

History of Woodford Academy by Ms. M.J. Kirkman 26th November, 1975

Letter from Gertrude MCManamey 2nd April, 1976

As the balcony has fallen to pieces more rapidly than ever lately, I have had it dismantled. EstL~ates by D. Sheedy, August 1976. David Sheedy inspected and reported, 1st August, 1976 Location Plan

1st September, 1976 Trust suggests that property be given to National Trust 26th October, 1976 Miss McManamey agrees

Record of inspection 1st August, 1976 D. Sheedy

16th March, 1978 Trust asks Mr. Clive Lucas on cost of feasibility study to restore building in the light of National Estate Grants.

Plans showing proposed road widening, c.1978 February 1979 Negotiations with Blue Mountains City Council about development of Academy

9th March, 1979 Transfer of property Mid 1979 Prospectus and plans for restoration and renovation of building as flats

3rd September, 1979 Confirmation by Fisher Lucas that $10,870 is to be spent on building a flat for Miss McManamey in the building 5th August, 1980 State Librarian requested to provide staff to look at collec~ion in Academy 8th August, 1980 Similar request to Museum of Fine Arts and Sciences September, 1980 Preliminary estimates for conversion of Woodford Academy into town houses

23rd December, 1980 Report on visit to Woodford Academy by field Librarian B. Goodger

5th Janaury, 1981 Trust advises State Librarian that it will ask Miss McManamey whether pictorial and manuscript material can be given to the State Library

17th January, 1981 Miss McManarney agrees to placing manuscript and pictorial material in Mitchell Library A Short History on Woodford Academy - Rev. L.T. Lambert

31st March, 1981 Records of Woodford Academy have been collected by the library. History of Woodford and Linden by Alan E. Sear le • 66 Circa April, 1982 Colin Davies to prepare report and documentation on Woodford Academy C. Davies report dated 10th May: 1982. November, 1982 Report by Insearch Ltd. on rising damp problem in outbuilding. 30th October, 1982 Further letter from Colin Davies about extra information available.

Woodford Academy prospectus c.19l9. February 1983 Copy of photograph of Old Boys' Reunion Circa July, 1983 Suggested brief for conservation plan for Woodford Academy by J. Kerr 1st July 1983 Trust commissions Clive Lucas & Partners to prepare conservation analysis. November 12, 1983 Proposal by C1ytie Jessop to use Academy as gallery Water colour by John Vine Hall entitled 'On Blue Mountains 2300' elevation' March 11, 1869 reproduced in Landscape Art and Blue Mountains by Hugh Speirs Alternative Publishing Co-op Ltd. (In National Trust Library) Histo+y of Woodford Academy - Colin Johnston Undated 34 pages 5th November, 1983 Trust Garden Committee to clear undergrowth July, 1983 List of plants at Woodford Academy December 15, 1983 Record of excursion by Garden Committee to Academy APPENDIX 4 - Record of Work by Clive Lucas pty. Ltd., . 67 1978-82 - Reference Q. 1.2..

2. WORK UNDERTAKEN

2.1 Condition prior to commencement of works As early as November 1973 Woodford Academy was described requiring as urgent repairs to prevent serious decay and possible collapse in some places. In a report of 1976 attention was drawn to the poor condition of the building: particularly the roof of the main building and the roof and walls of the west poor wing. The condition of the guttering and stormwater drainage was said to be contributing to damp walls. In some areas due to the condition of the roof and windows ceilings had collapsed.

2.2 Purpose and priorities of the work The main objectives of the work were to prevent further deterioration of the building from the weather and stab to lize areas deteriorated to a structurally unsound extent.

2.3 Present condition While the deterioration of the buildinqs has been slowed the condition, with the exception of the roof, is much the -same as it was prior to work commencing~

Figure 2 View of the block that formerly had a verandah - June 1978 68 2 .4 RECORD OF THE WORKS

The work to the complex proceeded as follows:

May 1979 Schedules of works were prepared by Fisher Lucas for roofing works and the provision of a kitchen and bathroom in the section of the house occupied by the donor. The roofing works were to include repairs to chimneys, pest control inspection, levelling off verandah plate, making good to verandah flagging and existing drainage, repairs to roof, eaves, new gutters and new downpipes. July 1979 Job Instruction No 1 for the roofing works was issued to Mak's Plumbing Services. It included details of gutters, downpipe drainage and location of stone for verandah flagging repairs. Additional works were repairs to gable end of front verandah and chimney repairs. August 1979 Account for payment from AlIen Kay Joinery for repairs to windows of the flat ($1,621.85)

Fiqure 3 New batterinq to south verandah - September 1979 69

September 1979 Quotation from Stonehill Restorations for $10,870.00 for kitchen and bathroom works accepted. Works were to include improvement of subfloor ventilation, replacing floors and floor structures, repairs to ceilings , wall plaster and doors. A sceptic system was to be installed as well as a new cold water service hot water heater, new sanitary plumbing and kitchen and bathroom fittings. There was to be some rewiring. Account from Mak's Plumbing Service ($1,677.59) forwarded to National Trust for payment.

October 1979 Job Instruction No 2 issued to Mak's Plumbing Service. Included were details of chimney repairs and instruction to demolish a former bathroom. Job Instruction No 1 issued to Stonehill Restorations. It included location of some of the GPO's and some glazing and plastering work.

Account from Stonehi1l Restorations ($2,1Sl.29 for repairs to verandah, eaves and roof timbers in preparation for restoration of roof coverings forwarded to National Trust for payment.

Figure 4 Reroofed sections - November 1979

\ ------~-~

.. 70 November 1979 Certificate No 1 issued to Stonehill Restorations.

Account from Stonehill Restorations ($742.00) for repairing chimneys and levelling verandahs.

Figure 6 Chimney Repairs - November 1979

February 1980 Account from Mak's Plumbing Service ($5,316.31) for completion of roofing works forwarded to National Trust.

'Notice of practical completion for works to the flat was issued. Certificate No 2 ($4,301.10) and Job Instruction No 3 issued to Stonehill Restorations. Given. were selections of some of the electrical fittings and minor works to bathroom. 72

January 1981 Instruction to Stonehill Restorations to proceed with repairs to external windows.

May 1981 Job Instruction No 5 issued to Stonehill Restorations. Works to main building were to include, repairs to windows, some pointing to stone wall and cleaning out of gutters. Works to western rear wing were to include, re-building the salt affected stone wall, demolition of remains of chimney. Some doors were to be rehung or removed and half round gutter was to be fitted to courtyard wall. Not all of this work was carried out. The h~lf round gutter was not fitted and while doors were removed none were rehung.'11 1,1 Account from Stonehill Restorations ($1,202.50) for sundry repairs and site works forwarded to National Trust for payment (for some items as detailed on JI No 4). September 1982 Quotation by A R Naylor to rebuild stone wall as in Job Instruction No 5 (-$2,300.00) accepted •

.: '.: ...... fil. . ~, :, . ~.- -, . ~~ .

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~ ~,','t' . ..'

Figure 8 Wall of stable kitchen prior to rebuilding - September 1982

)

L 71

Figure 5 North elevation of courtyard showing new roof tiles - February 1980

Figure 7 Interior of Miss McManamey's flat - February 1980

December 1980 Certificate No 3 and Job Instruction No 4 issued to Stonehill Restorations. It involved minor painting glazing and patching work. 73

Figure 9 Interior of stable/kitchen wall before rebuilding - September 1982

October 1982 Job Instruction No 1 issued to A R Naylor. It included details of damp course, mortar, bracing and new window. November 1982 Account from A R Naylor ($2,545.00) for rebuilding stone wall forwarded to National Trust for payment.

Job Instruction No 2 issued to Stonehill Restorations. It involved removal of salty stone and topsoil.

Figure 10

) Stable/Kitchen wall after rebuilding - November 1982 .. ~ ":'.~' .. ':. ~."~ ... : ..:.' . •• ~~~~:;4 WOOD·FORD ACADEMY '..... "': .-.: .... 1.·.:·"'::'~:.... . ::', ''':M'':' ~: I 2 --t.t Co rt-r;> - I

.:=::... ~.:. '":.:": ... ":":., :.::' . ~ WOODFORD N.S.W . ~'.~ ..,' - :: .-. t

BOL; rd i I1g (j Ild Doy School for Boys

Registered under the Bursar;' elldowment Act

Rector JOHN; F. 1\1cMANAMEY, B.A. (Syd.) FirllL-class Honours and University ~1ll,d~f.·· (or Clnssics: (our!! vears Rector of Cool!rwul Academy: formerly Senior Assistant'" Master !p!lwir.h GI'nnunnr School, QlJcensl.lnd : some time Head Master the Scuts' ColI(,!!'.!. Sydney.

Assislt,j fly COIn/,e/ent Resit!tlll tlllt! l'iriling .lfellll-n's.

~H E Academy occl;pics a sphmdid site wilh fine mountain views. The ~rouncis l arc extensive. and the climate is considered the rnOlit perfect. on the Blue Mount'!ins. The distance from Sydlley is only two hours by train. and parents are invited la visit the School.

The Rector has had many yeal'S' exper'iencc as El tencher' in Boys' Colleges and Grammar Schools in New South Walcs and Queensland. anti has !Jeen especially successful in the prep'ara~ion of Boy~ (or. thc Univcr~ty Examinations., 1 ~ ••• r ;t: .--.. -' rfCut .. ILL-c.. __ . •' .. 0:-'; ~ ~ a.,...·~/~ ~~j~ .a.... ?" . . The Academy IS registered undel' the Bur'sary Endowment Act. 1912 .

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:'" .:. :.:' .....1; .: .... ~ . . ,,- .. :.: : ...... ". .. ' - ~­ : ...... , ; ~, • .-.: " '-" ... ' .. .. .-. .: ",,' \, .... . '.. 1 - . BOys.ee encouraged, if time and o.Ptitl!de ·~\Iow, to take the ordinary curriculum, including Latin and onc Modern Lo.nguage, English, History, Mathematics and Science. For Boys intended for commercial life, 8 curriculum is specially arranged. Shortho.nd. Typewriting and liookkeeping are tau~ht if desired, but parents are advised that an OI'dinary liberal education is the best school preparation for any career. . :::J .-~. ~~ RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION• .... ' '.- "f • ..... ,; ...... - Prayers are said and a passage of Scripture is ('ead each mornin~ when school :'.'!, opens. On Sundays boarders attend Church at Wood ford, and receive lessons at. the Academy. The religious instruction is un sectarian, but Boarders are taught the ...... : .;""1- i catechism of their respective churches. .. -_.". .; ;.: :~

.' -:~ REPORTS. '.:, , .,. . ' The School is examined. nnd reports on the boys' progress and conduct are sent ..' \1 to parents at the end of each quarter.

VACATIONS. The Vacations arc six weeks at Chl'istmas, and four weeks at Midwinter, with short breaks at M ichaelmas and Easter.

FEES. (Pt/r quarter. pRyable in advaneel

Day Boys: Under 14 years of age 3 guineas per quarter Over 14 yeat'S of alte 4 guineo.s per quarter DH,. RO)'8 may haJ'c Diuner at the Aelldcmy h}' pIIJ'iog two yuincas extrR per qllnrter•

. Boarders:

General Tuit.ion and BORl'd 12 ~uineas per quarter Physical Culture 2/6 per quarter Mater'ials alld SPOI'ts Club 2/6 each per quarter The Bedrooms lIr/! Air" and Comfortable.

FEES FOR EXTRA SUBJECTS, Music 2 guineas per quarter Typewritinlt Hair-a-guinea per quarter ~~ '.' Shol'thand Half-a-guinea per quarter '.' A l'cduntion of 10 pel' ccnt. is made ror brothers. and 33A per cent. ror sons of M imst( "S of Religion. A qual'ter's notice is required bcCore the remov;ll of a boy. ·.~A·~:·: ~ .... ~~. Pocket money is advanccd, if desired, and nccessaries may be obtained (by order only, from tradesmen .

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... ------.-~~....,. ...-:;. .... ~--:...;.::,;-:::....:: 76

SPORTS. • All boys are expected to share heartily in the school games, in which the!'e arc .t..:;.< opportunities for local competition, as well as, at lon~er intcrvRls. for recip"ocal .,games with Metropolitan schools. Cood playing.grounds fOI' cricket, football and tennis are provided. . Paper chases over intel'esting country are encouraged during the winter.

There is a fine natural swimming bath.

DAILY ROUTINE. 7 Lm. to 7.25 a.m Dressing, etc. 7.25 Lm. to S a.m. Preparation B a.m. .... Breakfast 9.15 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. Classes, beginning with prayers 12.45 p.m. . .. Dinner 1.45 p.m. to 3.45 p.m. Classes 3.45 p.m. to 6 p.m. Cames, Physical Culture, &c. 6 p.m. Tea 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. Preparation

AGE OF ADMISSION. There is no age limit. but intending IlLlPils will be requil'ed to I'ead with tolerable 'fluency, and to know the first foul' rules of arithmetic.

BOARDERS' OUTFIT. All the following article

2 Suits' of Clothes 3 Undershirts 1 Mackintosh 6 Pairs of Socks nr Stockllll!s 3 pairs of Boots 4 Suits of Pyjamas, Comb & Brushes 1 pair of Slippers " Sheets 1 Hat 3 Pillow Slips 6 Soh. Shirts, with Collars 6 Towels I White Shirt 4 Serviettes and Rmt! 3 Collars I pair C";cketina Trouscl's 12 Handkerchiefs 1 Hug Day boys must wear the School Ribbon . • All clothing will be kept in separate 10ckel"S under the care of ·the Matron.

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APPENDIX 6 - Reference '2·4. 3·

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... ~- . < .<,dll.,--- rt , ) f . • 82 . APPENDIX 8 - 5MB Advertisement for Woodford 1869, 1881, 1885

Sydney Morning Herald 17th January, 1885

"Blue Mountains - Visitors will find good accommodation at Woodford House, Woodford; pure milk, fresh fruits and vegetables. Terms strictly moderate J.R. Place, Proprietor."

Sydney Morning Herald 8th October, 1881, p.18 "Chage of air Woodford House, Woodford Platform Blue Mountains 55miles from Sydney 2200 feet elevation Private Boarding Establishment for Visitors, Families etc. can find superior accommodation. Terms moderate Convenient to all the mountain views J.R. Place, Woodford; or Lamb and Fairfax, 28 Hunter Street"

Sydney Morning Herald 9th October, 1869 "Mountain Air Woodford (Late Buss's) Apartments vacant J. Sheils" -. .. -"--- -.~ ......

83 APPENDIX 9 - Search of SMH for Woodford Advertisements

Reference to Woodfor( Appears 5th October 1869 18th February 1870 • 30th November 1870 25th April 1871 18th September 1871 8th February 1872 2nd November 1872 17th March 1873 4th August 1873 23rd April 1874 -12 th September 1874 31st December 1874 1st January 1-875 4th May 1875 26th August 1876 8th December 1876 9th December 1876 27th March 1877 23rd July 1877 1st December 1877 19th November 1879 12th March 1880 8th October 1881 3rd January 1882 January 1883 17th January 1885 •

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HOTEL - .., HOTEL - OUTBUILDINGS OF PARRAMATTA GEORGE STREET fNN - / ALBION HOTEL ~ER HARRIS STREET ./ - .(1, BULL AND BUSH INN - BAULKijAM HILLS, INTERSECTION ~. ~ ~:';. , ,,~ : I OF tf[NDSOR & SEVEN HILLS ROADS :,' 0 '.0'.: I / I,. ' I • /1 ;" i '. I -----_._- _._------'------._f .... Z [J) . : li ~ ~ HOTEL - L 0; HOTEL _ / .... < o (I) ":: AUSTRALIAN HOTEL - McGRA'lJlS HILL, corner lVindsor Road . I CARRINGTON HOTEL KATOOMBA, KATOOMBA STREET" .~ '< ;~' 'a~p:itt Town Road ,: I INCLUDING GARDEN I:-' ~ :. : I"---LlORNAMRNT.L _____...... ______.______1-3 IiH ~ ::s HOTEL - ./ . [11 ::s THE COACH INN - PARRAMATTA, 526 CHURCH ST CNR FACTORY ST rt[ll ,. ~.' . ;: .... HOTEL - /... . i / ::s fL FORMER THE AUSTRALIAN ARMS ,/' OLD BOWENFELS, I-' 0" INN INCLUDING STABLES, TREES GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY ':,: 0 ,:/ .' 0 GROUNDS & FRONT FENCE -,.' SEE 10 KM E OF LITHGOW PI ./~ FERNHILL AND OUTBUILDINGS - near the top of HOTEL - / I-'.... --;.--.--.-----. -- -- . __7~/-----~n.--LT~'.~"~!~,~, _____ COLLITS I~ HARTLEY VALE . rrt ;'<

HOTEL - .' I______·_·· _____ w _____ • _.- :'...... FORMER BELL INN - CHURCH STREET \:., ::s WINDSOR,~z'LITTLE .., . PART OF CATHERINE STREEy'GROUP .' Ii ! HOTEL - ~ ;:; (I) ., ;.. o (OLD) COMET INy- HARTLEY VALE o :, Ii 11------_._------_.__ ._-- :. 0.. [11 :: ...... '. HOTEL - ~ HOTEL- ~ ,', . !. ~ COMMERCIAL HOTEL - ~9.RAMA~TA, corner Hassall and ,,. BEN AVON FORMERLY j .. ROYAL HOTEL, OU I' : ~ation Streets (g~c, BUILDINGS & Q~ UNDS - BOWENFELS SOU11I .------_.. _----_.. _------0 ,.,. , HOTEL - .1 , " : ".

:. HOTEL - ~ .' COMMERCIAL HOTEL -~REA- I~OND, WINDSOR STREET ~l FORMER BOWENFELS INN, ~) BOWENFELS, GREAT I f~i NOW UMERA COMMERCIAL HOTEL, RICHMOND, )" WESTERN HIGHWAY ~. ~. !l!: . '0 EXCLUDING 20C FACAD~ - 189-191 WINDSOR STREET ,. i~ ., . . 00 , ,'~ r It 1__ . s.~ I I ..... :.~C .. , ~ ".: ~ ------_ .. _._-_. '" 'I.- I . .".,':J HOTEL - HOTEL ~~~1l - KATOOMBA, GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY ______,/__ ' .:;)~:;.·.;:,r:~Ll:l-· _i_~~~:;:E~y ~~~H~~_~~_~_y :REA~_ HOTEL - ...... HOTEL - FORMER OLD ~~POW ARMS V .,:. : .'::,':::.:. '. ~> ..:': THE MACQUARIE ARMS HOTEL, OUTBUILDINGS - BOty.gNFELS, cnr Great Western , ", f, A ". also known as THE ROYAL HOT~V- WINDSOR, corner !:(ghway and Rydal Road , ...., l~ ':.:.;: :. Thompson Sq.Jlare and George Street (Part of THOMPSON SQUARE GROUP)

" " r? .. ~ / I HOTEL - KURRAJONG, OLD BELLS LINE 1------_·_-----_·__ ··_----- ...... GOLDFINDERS, FORMERLY OF ROAD GOLDFINDERS HOME INN, COTTAGE AND STABLES . HOTEL ------1 , . FORMER MOUNT VICTORIA ~LITTLE HARTLEY, \ .' I' . HOTEL - SEE NIOKA,~ GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY :, FORMERHOTEL- HALF WAY HOUSE~ NOW ROYAL OAK INN - ROUSE HILL, Windsor Road / .' .1------_.__ . _ ... __ .... _...... - 1-' hotel -

I HOTEL - . ,'. NEW IVANHOE HOTEL - BLACKHEATH, cnr Great Western Hwy IMPERIA~ HOTEL - MOUNT VICTORIA, GREAT WESTERN HIGHWAY '. CORNER BELLS ROAD ~ , , f------_____ ... __ . HOTEL - HOTEL - ~ . '. <. PILGRIM INN - BLAXLAND FORMER INN & STABLES - CASTL AGH, 99 j' ,­ CASTLEREAGH RD I .• .', .. :1.::(·':".:, . " .: ':':': ,,' >ll • " .', :" :- .,. ------:------r------I.w. ':1': . . . 00 ::>:111'" -,-8-lME-EL-R---R-OS-E-I-7--~-L-I-T-T-L-E-H-A-R-T-LE-Y------:;. U1 HOTEL - B~TREET ...... JOLLY FROG INN - WINDSOR, ., SEE AMBERMERE