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Flood Risk Perception and Communication Within Risk Management in Different Cultural Contexts

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Flood Risk Perception and Communication Within Risk Management in Different Cultural Contexts FLOOD RISK PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION WITHIN RISK MANAGEMENT IN DIFFERENT CULTURAL CONTEXTS A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY BETWEEN WUHAN, CHINA AND COLOGNE, GERMANY Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Xiaomeng Shen aus Beijing, VR China Bonn, 2009 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Helmuth Toepfer 9RUVLW]HQGH9RUVLW]HQGHU Prof. Dr. Jürgen Pohl %HWUHXHULQ%HWUHXHU XQG *XWDFKWHULQ*XWDFKWHU Prof. Dr. Libor Jansky *XWDFKWHULQ*XWDFKWHU Prof. Dr. Eckart Ehlers ZHLWHUHV SUIXQJVEHUHFKWLJWHV 0LWJOLHG Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19. 06. 2009 2 Dedicated to: my parents who have always encouraged me to pursue an academic life and helped me to make it possible; my husband and son, who allowed me to “flood” our house and their brain cells for four years and left me enough “retention area” to “flow”. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT !"# $% &'"()* + ()*,"% -# $.,"+ /0"1 * + 2 345678% 9:3;<7= % .> ()?@ (AB % 768-824) “Without the horse master Bole there would be no horses of one thousand miles. A horse which can run one thousand miles in one stroke is not at all rare. However, a master like Bole, who can tell which horse has such ability, is rare. As a consequence, many horses of excellent capacity only have an ordinary life being humiliated by ordinary man without earning a name of being a horse of one thou- sand miles” – (Han Yu, 768-824 AD) I thank Professor Bogardi for being a wise “master of horses” who saw my potential (which is still not even known to myself; I feel more like the donkey of Don Quixote) and has been “whipping”/supporting me through my entire PhD rearing process. No other words can better describe his contribution to my personal academic development than the story of the horse master Bole. It is Professor Jürgen Pohl who gives the word “Doktorvater” (doctor father - the Ger- man expression for PhD supervisor), a true meaning. Without his fatherly encourage- ment and sometimes even psychological support, on top of all his inspiring academic guidance, I might still be fumbling in the total darkness of confusion. Dr. Katharina Marre as my tutor within the UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) has accompanied me throughout my PhD journey and always been there for me whenever I needed a guiding and helping hand. I thank her for her constant intellectual inspiration, important comments and invaluable feedback especially through the writing-up phase. I also wish to thank Professor Libor Jansky for helping me to find and define additional dimensions of my work and for his useful counsel. In addition, my thanks go to my friends Basak Baglayan Ceyhan and Patrick Schröder who went through the “construction phase” of my PhD work, breathing in all the dust and hearing all the noise of a construction site as well as helping me to polish the facade of my work by proof reading. The final proof-reading was jointly accomplished by my friends Claudia Maurer, Susanne Krings and Olivia Dun. I owe them many thanks - and dinners (If you find any mistakes in my work, do not hesitate to contact them). I thank the UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY Institute for Environment and Human Security for funding my PhD research as well as providing me with an excellent work- ing environment with pleasant and helpful colleagues. Last but not least, I owe many thanks to the following institutions in China and Ger- many for assisting me to organise my research and providing me with valuable infor- mation essential for my field work: 4 Institutions in China: x The Agency for Foreign Affairs in the city of Wuhan x The Division for Special Tasks of the Municipal Government of Wuhan x The Bureau for Water Resources, Wuhan x The Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, Wuhan including ¾ Division for Dike Construction and Maintenance ¾ Division for Technical Planning ¾ Division for Water Resource and Quality ¾ Division for Flood Protection ¾ Division for Drainage x The Division for Flood Protection within the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters of Huangpi District, Wuhan x The Bureau for Water Resources of Huangpi District, Wuhan x The Division for Flood Protection within the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters of Caidian District, Wuhan x The Bureau for Urban Planning, Wuhan x The Environmental Agency, Wuhan including ¾ The Division for Foreign Affairs ¾ The Division for Technology ¾ The Division for Environmental Monitoring x The Agency for Agriculture, Wuhan x The Bureau for Meteorology, Wuhan x The Changjiang1 Water Resources Commission including ¾ The Division for International Exchange ¾ Division for Flood Water Allocation ¾ Division for Technical Planning ¾ Division for Dike Construction and Maintenance ¾ Division for Flood Protection ¾ Bureau for Construction x Department of Water Hazard Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research x National Disaster Reduction Centre x Ministry of Civil Affairs x Ministry of Water Resources x World Wildlife Fund, Wuhan Office x Infantry Base of People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan Institutions in Germany: x Flood Protection Centre, City of Cologne x Drainage Enterprise Cologne x Citizens’ Group Westhoven x Fire Brigade, City of Cologne x Regional Farmers’ Union Köln-Erftkreis x Conservationists’ Union Cologne x Federal Bureau for Nature Conservation x The Federal Army Force x Regional Agency for Spatial Planning, Cologne 1 Changjiang is another standard usage for Yangtze River in China. Both of the usages are applied interchangeably in different contexts in Chinese scientific literature and as official names. 5 CONTENTS A Introduction....................................................................................................... 10 1. Water, ah water! _______________________________________________ 10 2. Flood mitigation_______________________________________________ 12 3. The significance of cultural understanding ________________________ 17 4. Objectives of the study and research questions ____________________ 18 5. Structure of the thesis _________________________________________ 19 B Notion of risk and problem dimensions of flood management ..................... 21 1. Risk as a manifold concept _____________________________________ 21 2. Challenge in flood management _________________________________ 27 C Sites of field work............................................................................................. 32 1. Location, population and economy_______________________________ 32 1.1. Wuhan, China.........................................................................................................32 1.2. Cologne, Germany .................................................................................................35 2. Historical flood events _________________________________________ 38 2.1. Wuhan, China.........................................................................................................38 2.2. Cologne, Germany .................................................................................................39 3. Engineered measures __________________________________________ 40 3.1. Wuhan, China.........................................................................................................40 3.2. Cologne, Germany .................................................................................................43 D Methodological approach ................................................................................ 44 1. Research design ______________________________________________ 44 1.1. Qualitative social research method ........................................................................44 1.2. Research subjects..................................................................................................45 1.3. Range of methods applied and the field work........................................................45 2. Field work experiences_________________________________________ 47 2.1. In Germany.............................................................................................................47 2.2. In China ..................................................................................................................48 3. Data_________________________________________________________ 51 3.1. Data and data transcription ....................................................................................51 3.2. Data analysis..........................................................................................................52 4. The role of the researcher ______________________________________ 53 E Research results............................................................................................... 54 1. Flood risk perception __________________________________________ 55 1.1. Institutional arrangement of flood protection..........................................................55 1.1.a. Wuhan, China _________________________________________________ 55 1.1.b. Cologne, Germany______________________________________________ 62 1.1.c. Synopsis______________________________________________________ 65 1.2. Spatial planning and land use ................................................................................66 1.2.a. Wuhan, China _________________________________________________ 66 1.2.b. Cologne, Germany______________________________________________
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