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Download Full Article 4.1MB .Pdf File Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 56(1): 1-63 (1997) 28 February 1997 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1997.56.01 REVISION OF THE TRIBE ARCHIMANTINI (MANTODEA: MANTIDAE: MANTINAE) G. A. MlLLEDGE Museum of Victoria. 71 Victoria Crescent. Abbotsford. Vic. 3067. Australia Abstract Milledge. Ci.A., 1997. Revision of the tribe Archimantini (Mantodea: Mantidae: Mantinae). Memoirs oj the Museum oj Victoria 56:1-63. The Australo-Papuan tribe Archimantini is redefined. The genera Psmthmantis Saussure and Rhocloinani is G'\gl\o-Tos are excluded. The genus. l;/.v//-<>/wam/.s Sjostcdt is recognised as valid and included. One new genus. C'ortlivlomantis. and four new species. Anhimantis gracilis. I. villain, Austovaics papuu and Cortlniomanlis hah/cr.som. arc described. Anhi- mantis minor Giglio-Tos is a new synonym of A.sohrina Saussure. Aiisiromantis gracilis Sjostedt a new synonym of A.alhomarginata Sjostedt and Coenomantis melanoptera (Tin- dale) a new synonym of C '.kraussiana (Saussure). Archiinaniis inermis Werner is transferred to the neotropical $snu$Aflgiia Serville. The subspecies Anhimantis laiistyla gigantca Beier is rejected as invalid. Keys to genera and species are provided. Information on biology is recorded, distributions given and relationships discussed. Introduction Austrovates, Coenomantis, Nullabora, Pseudo- mantis and Rhoclomantis. In this work the The Archimantini includes medium to large, Archimantini is considered as equivalent to elongate mantids restricted to Australia (14 Giglio-Tos' Archimantes, characterised by the species) and Papua New Guinea ( 1 species). All first discoidal spine being longer than the second inhabit shrubs and/or tall grasses where they are (fig. 6) and including the genera Architnantis, well camouflaged. They do not appear to be Austromanlis, Austrovates, Coenomantis, Cor- abundant in nature but many species can be thylomantis, and Nullabora. The genus Ausiio- encountered without much difficulty by search- mantis was synonym ised with Pseudomantis by ing in appropriate habitats. Species diversity is Beier( 1 935) but is here considered a valid genus. greatest in the tropical north of Australia, how- Pseudomantis and Rhodomantis, which have the ever several species occur in Victoria where the seend discoidal spine as long or longer than the southern limit of the group is reached. There first, are removed to Beier's Mantini. are no records of the Archimantini from Tasmania. The tribe Archimantini thus contains six gen- Giglio-Tos (1917) proposed the Archimanti- era, one of which is new, and 1 5 species of which nae to include several Australian genera of the four are new. The largest genus is Architnantis, Mantidae, characterised by the first and fourth containing nine species of which two are new. Of discoidal spines being not shorter than the sec- the nine species and one subspecies listed for ond, wings reduced in the female and the facial this genus by Balderson ( 1 984) seven species are shield wider than high. He divided the Archi- recognised as valid. A. minor Giglio-Tos is syn- mantinae into two groups: the Archimantes, onymised with A.sobrina and A.latistyla gigan- having the cerci compressed and the first dis- tea Beier is considered a variant and accorded coidal spine longer than the second, containing no taxonomic status. The holotype male of the genera Archiinaniis, Coenomantis and Rheo- A. inermis Werner has been examined and deter- mantis (-Archimantis); and the Pseudomantes. mined to belong to the neotropical genus Angela Serville. having the ccrci cylindrical and the first discoi- It was probably ascribed to Australia in dal spine of equal length to the seend. containing error. Five of the remaining six genera are con- Pseudomantis and Rhodomantis. Beier (1935) sidered monotypic. while the sixth. Austrovates, rejected this, including the Archimantinae contains two species of which one is new. within the Mantinae. However Beier (1964) Methods and terminology follow those of Mil- later created the tribe Archimantini which was ledge (1990) except that the following abbrevi- essentially equivalent to Giglio-Tos' Archiman- ations are used in the descriptions of male tinae and included the genera Architnantis. genitalia: aa — anterior apodeme of right G. A. M1LLEDGE phallomere: apr — apical process of left phal- of the Australian representatives of the large lomere, dl — dorsal lamina of left phallomere; subfamily Mantinae, including the Archiman- dpr — distal process of ventral phallomere. lph tini, can be clarified. Within the Australian — left phallomere: ml — membraneous lobe of fauna a possible candidate for sister group left phallomere; pa — phalloid apophysis; rph status of the Archimantini is the genus Pseudo- — right phallomere; vl — ventral lamina of left mantis, in which the 2nd discoidal spine phallomere: vpl — ventral plate: vspr — ventral is of similar length to the 1 st, possibly represent- sclerotized process (figs 7 — 8). Abbreviations ing a stage in the progressive reduction of this used for institutions where material is held are as spine. follows: AM — Australian Museum, Sydney: Relationships within the Archimantini are ANIC — Australian National Insect Collection, also obscure but perhaps less so. Austromanlis Canberra: BMNH — Natural History Museum, appears closest in form to a presumed anscestor London; NMV — Museum of Victoria, Mel- of the tribe, displaying several pleisiomorphic bourne; NHRM — Naturhistoriska Riksmu- characters including only moderate elongation sect. Stockholm; QM — Queensland Museum, of the body, macropterous females and cylindri- Brisbane; RNHL — Rijksmuseum van Natuur- cal cerci. Nullabora appears closely related to lijke Historic Leiden; SAM — South Australian Austromantis, sharing the aforesaid characters Museum, Adelaide: UQ — University of as well as a bifurcate dpr in the male genitalia, Queensland, Brisbane; WAM — Western Aus- which is not found in other members of the tralian Museum, Perth; ZMH — Zoologisches Archimantini. Corthylomantis also possesses Museum. Hamburg; ZSIC — Zoological Survey cylindrical cerci, however, the colour pattern of of India. Calcutta. the wing in the female may be a synapomorphy linking this genus with Coenomantis. Austrov- variegata displays a finely Relationships aies striped eye pat- tern and median projections between the Two major groups can be recognized within the abdominal tergites of juveniles, characters Australian Mantodean fauna. The first, smaller shared by Coenomantis. Juvenile Archimantis and probably more recent element contains gen- quinquelobata have abdominal projections and era which reach their greatest diversity outside also display subapical lobes on the mid and hind the Australian region, in most cases the East femora similar to though less well developed, Asian region. The Australian representatives of than those found in Austrovates, possibly indi- the genus Atromantis (1 sp.) (Hymenopodidae) cating some relationship. The shallow U-shaped and the genera Hierodula (4-5 spp.), Mantis (1 arrangement of the egg cells in the ootheca of sp.), Tenoc/era (2 spp.) and Siati/ia (1 sp.) Archimantis quinquelobata is shared with Coe- (Mantidae-Mantinae)fall into this category. It is nomantis, however the form of oothecae within notable that all have macropterous females and the Archimantini is not well enough known to thus are probably capable of dispersal across interpret the significance of this. water barriers. Within the genus Archimantis several species The second, larger and probably older element groupings arc apparent. Probable synapomor- consists of genera which are endemic to Aus- phies Unking A.latistyla, A.armata, A.monstrosa tralia or to Australia and nearby islands (includ- and A.sobrina are robust build, ventral colour ing Papua New Guinea). Many of the species in pattern of costal area of tegmen and broad based this group have brachypterous females. The uncinate dpr of the male genitalia. Within this relationships of this older element arc not group the latter three species are also linked by entirely clear. For example the nearest relatives the compact, strongly shagreened pa of the male of the Australasian endemic subfamily Paraoxy- genitalia. A .brunneriana and A.slraminea share pilinae are the Amorphoscclinae (both Amor- probable synapomorphics of very compressed phoscelidac) which appear to be essentially head, angular eyes and mottled colour pattern African. An Australasian endemic subfamily of on ventral surface of forecoxa. Males of the Mantidae. the Orthoderinae, is most closely A.gracilis and A.vittata arc quite similar in related to the Choreododinae. which occurs in appearance but the form of their genitalia is dis- southern India and Sri Lanka, and in South and similar. As the female of the latter species is Central America. This would imply a Gondwa- unknown, the relationship between them nan origin for the older clement. remains uncertain. Further work may lead to the However, further work is required on the splitting of this genus, however, to do so now faunas of other regions before the relationships would be premature. REVISION OF THE ARCHIMAN TIN I (MANTIDAE) Archimantini flywire cages on a diet of live insects. The height of the cages should be at least three times the Diagnosis. Head antcrio-posteriorly com- length of the mantis to provide adequate room pressed, frontal shield transverse, first discoidal for moulting and temperatures should be kept spine longer than second, margin of fore femur warm (25-30C). Individuals should be housed between
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