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Radical Scavenger and Active Oxygen Eliminating Agent

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Radical Scavenger and Active Oxygen Eliminating Agent (19) TZZ__T (11) EP 1 897 549 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 31/198 (2006.01) 24.08.2011 Bulletin 2011/34 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 06757009.3 PCT/JP2006/311269 (22) Date of filing: 06.06.2006 (87) International publication number: WO 2006/132205 (14.12.2006 Gazette 2006/50) (54) RADICAL SCAVENGER AND ACTIVE OXYGEN ELIMINATING AGENT RADIKALFÄNGER UND AKTIVEN-SAUERSTOFF-ELIMINIERENDES MITTEL PIÈGE À RADICAUX ET AGENT D’ÉLIMINATION DE L’OXYGÈNE ACTIF (84) Designated Contracting States: • SPENCER J P E ET AL: "Conjugates of AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR catecholamines with cysteine and GSH in HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI Parkinson’s disease: Possible mechanisms of SK TR formation involving reactive oxygen species" JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 199811 US, (30) Priority: 07.06.2005 JP 2005166842 vol. 71, no. 5, November 1998 (1998-11), pages 2112-2122, XP002538225 ISSN: 0022-3042 (43) Date of publication of application: • AKIYAMA N ET AL: "Involvement of H2O2 and 12.03.2008 Bulletin 2008/11 O2<-> in the cytotoxicity of N-[beta]-alanyl-5-S- glutathionyl-3,4-dihyd roxyphenylalanine (5-S- (73) Proprietor: InBiotex Inc. GAD), a novel insect-derived anti-tumor Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033 (JP) compound" CANCER SCIENCE 20030401 JP, vol. 94,no.4,1April2003(2003-04-01),pages400-404, (72) Inventors: XP002538226 ISSN: 1347-9032 • NATORI, Shunji • JAE YOON LEEM ET AL: "Purification and Ibaraki characterization of N-[beta]-alanyl-5-S- 3001622 (JP) glutathionyl 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine, a • OOTSU, Kunimiki novel antibacterial substance of Sarcophaga 1950071 (JP) peregrina (flesh fly)" JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL • OKUYAMA, Hajime CHEMISTRY 1996 US, vol. 271, no. 23, 1996, 1770044 (JP) pages 13573-13577, XP002538227 ISSN: 0021-9258 (74) Representative: Hartz, Nikolai • ZHENG Z-B ET AL: "Selective Inhibition of Src Wächtershäuser & Hartz Protein Tyrosine Kinase by Analogues if 5-S- Patentanwaltspartnerschaft Glutathionyl-beta-alanyl-L-dopa" CHEMICAL Weinstrasse 8 AND PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, 80333 München (DE) PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, TOKYO, JP, vol. 46, no. 12, 1 December 1998 (56) References cited: (1998-12-01), pages 1950-1951, XP002991712 WO-A-97/22248 JP-A- 02 129 101 ISSN: 0009-2363 JP-A- 08 337 594 JP-A- 2000 515 115 • MIURA T ET AL: "Antioxidant activity of JP-A- 2001 226 283 JP-A- 2001 516 768 adrenergic agents derived from catechol" JP-A- 2005 213 159 US-A- 6 046 046 BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY 19980615 US, vol. 55, no. 12, 15 June 1998 (1998-06-15), pages 2001-2006, XP002538228 ISSN: 0006-2952 Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 897 549 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont. next page) EP 1 897 549 B1 • AKIYAMA N ET AL: "A long-lived o-semiquinone • KANG JUNG HOON: "Modification of Cu,Zn- radical anion is formed from N-[beta]-alanyl-5-S- superoxide dismutase by oxidized glutathionyl-3,4-dihyd roxyphenylalanine (5-S- catecholamines.", JOURNAL OF GAD), an insect-derived antibacterial substance" BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 31 JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 200707 GB, vol. MAY 2004 LNKD- PUBMED:15469714, vol. 37, no. 142, no. 1, July 2007 (2007-07), pages 41-48, 3, 31 May 2004 (2004-05-31), pages 325-329, ISSN: XP002538229 ISSN: 0021-924X 1756-2651 1225-8687 • NATORI S.: ’Konchu no Seitai Bogyo Bunshi Kiko • MILLER JOSHUA W ET AL: "Oxidative damage to Sono Oyo’ SENRYAKUTEKI KISO KENKYU caused by free radicals produced during SUISHINJIGYOKENKYUNENPO2000,pages180 catecholamineautoxidation:Protectiveeffectsof - 184, XP003005244 O-methylation and melatonin", FREE RADICAL • NATORI S.: ’3 Senchi Nikubae no Seitai Bogyo BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 21, no. 2, 1996, System’ BIOMEDICAL PERSPERCTIVES vol. 7, pages 241-249, ISSN: 0891-5849 no. 1, 1998, pages 77 - 83, XP003005245 • POLYTARCHOU C ET AL: "Antioxidants inhibit • AMBANI L M ET AL: "Brain peroxidase and angiogenesisinvivothroughdown-regulationon catalase in Parkinson disease", ARCHIVES OF nitric oxide synthase expression and activity", NEUROLOGY, AMERICAN MEDICAL FREE RADICAL RESEARCH 200405 GB LNKD- ASSOCIATION, CHICAGO, IL, US, vol. 32, no. 2, DOI:10.1080/10715760410001684621, vol. 38, no. 1 February 1975 (1975-02-01), pages 114-118, 5, May 2004 (2004-05), pages 501-508, ISSN: XP009137521, ISSN: 0003-9942 1071-5762 2 EP 1 897 549 B1 Description Technical Field 5 [0001] The present invention relates to novel uses of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine derivatives such as N-β-alanyl-5- S-glutathionyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (5-S-GAD) or salts thereof (radical scavenger, active oxygen-scavenging agent and the like) in the treatment or prevention of cataract; damages following ocular ophthalmologic surgeries; damages with the use of contact lenses; damages following cornea transplantation; open-angle glaucoma; corneal diseases; dry eye; bleary eye; macular degeneration; retinal degeneration such as age-related macular degeneration; 10 retinopathy of prematurity; eye siderosis; or uveal disease. Background Art [0002] As biological target molecules to be damaged with free radicals, for example, lipid, sugar, nucleic acid, enzyme, 15 and protein are important. In particular, highly unsaturated fatty acids locally existing in lipids in all cellular membranes are attacked with free radicals, to generate lipid peroxides through lipid peroxidation chain reactions. Direct or indirect actions with these lipid peroxides are considered as one cause of biological membrane damages by free radicals. Biological membrane is composed of lipid and protein, which not only works as a partition wall separating cells and small organs but also forms places with accumulated diverse functions, including for example a source of physiologically active 20 substances or a function as anchors for enzymes and receptors on membrane surfaces. Therefore, lipid peroxidation chain reactions, induced by free radicals, not only give damages to membrane structures but also seriously disrupt enzymatic reactions and receptor functions of proteins, which are working in such membrane structures. When such lipid peroxidation chain reactions occur in any organ or cell, damages naturally occur at that site and sometimes induce a specific disease. Furthermore, it is known that lipid peroxide flows out of local sites into blood circulation, which 25 consequently causes secondary lesions primarily including vascular lesions. [0003] Typical examples thereof are complications of diabetes mellitus, complications of renal impairment, multiple organ impairment during shocks, and the like. Methionine-, histidine-, cystine-, tyrosine- and tryptophan residues are amino acid residues readily oxidizable with free radical and/or active oxygen. Via such oxidative modifications, an enzyme is irreversibly inactivated and simultaneously decomposed readily with protease (such oxidative inactivation of enzymes 30 simultaneously leads to the leukocyte sterilization action). [0004] Meanwhile, nucleic acid damages with free radical and/or active oxygen are very important in view of cancer and aging. It has been demonstrated that free radical and/or active oxygen interacts with and oxidizes any of the bases, sugars and ester bonds of nucleic acids. It is reported that active oxygen generated with xanthine-xanthine oxidase, from leukocyte activated with phorbol ester or from tobacco smoke makes DNA cleavage. As to the role of sugar-derived 35 free radicals in biological organisms, for example, auto-oxidation of glucose, lipid peroxidation and intracellular sugar metabolisms suggest that aldehydes such as glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, glycol aldehyde, 3-deoxyglucoson and glucoson with higher reactivities than those of glucose are deeply involved in the preparation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) from proteins. It is considered that the depolymerization of hyauloronic acid with active oxygen is a cause of the reduction of the viscosity of synovial fluid in chronic articular rheumatism. Main diseases specifically involving free radical 40 and/or active oxygen are listed below. [0005] Cataract, damages due to ophthalmologic surgeries, damages with the use of contact lenses, damages due to cornea transplantation, open-angle glaucoma (POAG), corneal diseases, dry eye, bleary eye, macular degeneration, retinal degeneration (age-related macular degeneration), retinopathy of prematurity, eye siderosis, uveal disease, cer- ebral infarction, cerebral ischemia, cerebral edema, myocardial infarction, ischemic reperfusion disorders, renal reper- 45 fusion, arrhythmia, arterial sclerosis, head injuries, cerebral injuries, medulla injuries, rheumatism, inflammation, perio- dontal disease, odontitis, uveitis, eczema/dermal inflammation, ultraviolet (dermal) damages, autoimmune diseases (rheumatism, etc.), diabetes mellitus, gastritis/gastric ulcer (gastric mucosa damages), liver diseases (drug-induced liver disorders), ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease (IBD), ischemic colitis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Down syndrome, schizophrenia, epilepsia, neural degeneration diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (DIC), 50 aging, amyotropic
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