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A Comparison of Faecal Analysis with Backtracking to Determine the Diet Composition and Species Preference of the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis Minor)
Eur J Wildl Res (2009) 55:505–515 DOI 10.1007/s10344-009-0264-5 ORIGINAL PAPER A comparison of faecal analysis with backtracking to determine the diet composition and species preference of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) Ruud J. van Lieverloo & Bjorn F. Schuiling & Willem F. de Boer & Peter C. Lent & Christine B. de Jong & Derek Brown & Herbert H. T. Prins Received: 9 December 2008 /Revised: 15 March 2009 /Accepted: 20 March 2009 /Published online: 8 April 2009 # The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The diet of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis Introduction minor) was studied using backtracking and faecal analysis in South Africa. Both methods yielded different results, Previous studies of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis with a large bias for dominant species. Results of back- minor) diet have largely depended upon direct observation tracking showed that the rhinos browsed on 80 plant or backtracking techniques (Goddard, 1968; Schenkel and species. Grasses comprised 4.5% of the diet in the faecal Schenkel-Hullinger 1969; Joubert and Eloff 1971; Mukinya analysis, but were not recorded during the backtracking. 1977; Loutit et al. 1987; Emslie and Adcock 1994;Olooet The backtracking method, along with a measure of forage al. 1994; Atkinson 1995;Pole1995; Muya and Oguge availability, was used to identify two groups of plant 2000; Ausland et al. 2002; Brown et al. 2003; Winkel 2004; species, those species taken in a higher proportion than Ganqa et al. 2005). Microhistological analysis of faeces available in the field and those taken in a lower proportion. -
Host Choice in Rotylenchulus Species
Available online at www.ijpab.com Rathore Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (5): 346-354 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6878 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6 (5): 346-354 (2018) Research Article Host Choice in Rotylenchulus Species Y. S. Rathore* Principal Scientist (Retd.), Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024 (U.P.) India *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12.09.2018 | Revised: 9.10.2018 | Accepted: 16.10.2018 ABSTRACT The reniformis nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus (Haplolaimidae: Nematoda) are sedentary semi-endoparasites of numerous crops. There are ten species out of which R. reniformis and R. parvus are important, and three species (R. amanictus, R. clavicadatus, R. leptus) are monophagous: two on monocots and one on Rosids. In general, Rotylenchulus species are capable of feeding from very primitive Magnoliids to plants of advanced category. Preference was distinctly observed towards the plants in Rosids (42.779%) followed by monocots (23.949%) and Asterids (21.755%). The SAI values were also higher for these groups of plants. The study on lineages further revealed intimate affinity to febids (25.594%), followed by commelinids (18.647%), malvids (16.088%), lamiids (11.883%), and campanulids (9.141%). Poales contribution within commelinids was 65.353%. Maximum affinity of Rotylenchulus species was observed by their association with plants from families Poaceae (7), followed by Fabaceae (6), Malvaceae (6), Asteraceae (4), Oleaceae (4), Soanaceae (4) and so on. Key words: Agiosperms, Gymnosperms, APG IV system, Reniform nemtodes, Monocots, Rosids, Asterids INTRODUCTION number of crops, whereas the other eight Plant parasitic nematodes pose a great species are of limited importance. -
1(L 01 - 0"1 a Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the
DETERMINATION OF THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF BLACK RHINOCEROS (Diceros bicornis) DUNG USING THE rbcL GENE AS A MOLECULAR MARKER, AND ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT AND PHENOLIC CONTENT OF ITS BROWSE 1(L 01 - 0"1 A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the .. lon~q I..{I TJ. requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE of RHODES UNIVERSITY by SlYA VUYA ISHMAEL BULANI January 2007 DECLARATION This work is the original work produced by Siyavuya 1. Bulani, submitted to Rhodes University in January 2007, for a Master of Science degree in Biochemistry. Siyavuya I. Bulani Supervisor: Dr. Brendan S. Wilhelmi Co-supervisor: Prof. John M. Brand 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .:. First I would like to thank the Almighty God for giving me strength throughout this project. .:. I extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. B.S. Wilhelmi for providing a good research environment that encouraged me to work and think independently, and for his support and understanding . •:. My co-supervisor, Prof. J .M. Brand for his invaluable and critical input in this study . •:. Mr. B. Fike, manager of the GFRR, for allowing us to obtain samples from the reserve . •:. Mr. T. Dold for identification and verification of the plant species . •:. Mr. N. Ragubeer for his assistance on cyclic voltammetric analyses . •:. To all the friends I have made in the department, thank you for your support, God bless you all. .:. To my Mother, family and friends thank you for your prayers and supporting my ambitions and goals . •:. Finally, I would like to thank the National Research Fund and Mellon Foundation for financial assistance. -
Thesis Report Harm and Floor
Competition between black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis ) and greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros ) in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa Influence of black rhinoceros presence on the diet, density, bite size and feeding height of the greater kudu All rights reserved. This work may not be copied in whole or in parts without the written permission of the supervisor. Floor de Boer Harm IJdema 831229-081-020 840523-980-010 REG- 80436 REG- 80436 Thesis Resource Ecology Thesis Resource Ecology February 2007 Supervisors: Fred de Boer, Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands Peter Lent, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Resource Ecology Group Competition between black rhinoceros and greater kudu in the Great Fish River Reserve, South Africa Table of contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................3 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................4 1.1 Theoretical framework....................................................................................................4 1.1.1 Competition .............................................................................................................4 1.1.2 Coexistence.............................................................................................................5 1.1.3 Conditions for competition.......................................................................................5 -
Floristic Analysis of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape
pond.qxd 2005/12/09 11:34 Page 35 Floristic analysis of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape U. POND, B.B. BEESLEY, L.R. BROWN & H. BEZUIDENHOUT Pond, U., B.B. Beesley, L.R. Brown & H. Bezuidenhout. 2002. Floristic analysis of the Mountain Zebra National Park, Eastern Cape. Koedoe 45(1): 35–57. Pretoria. ISSN 0075-6458. As part of a larger project to assess the vegetation dynamics and conservation potential of the enlarged Mountain Zebra National Park, a checklist was produced to determine the plant species richness for this area. Six hundred and eighty species, represented by 333 genera and 87 families were identified. One hundred and eighty species belong to the Monocotyledoneae and 479 species to the Dicotyledoneae. By far the largest fami- lies are the Asteraceae with 129 and the Poaceae with 82 species. Thirteen Red Data species were recorded. A number of fynbos elements were encountered, the most note- worthy being two families endemic to the Cape Floristic Region, the Penaeaceae and Grubbiaceae. A very high species to square kilometre ratio of 5.05 supports the area’s rich floristic composition. Key words: Floristic analysis, species richness, plant species list, Mountain Zebra National Park. U. Pond, B.B. Beesley, L.R. Brown , Applied Natural Sciences, Technikon SA, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa; H. Bezuidenhout, Conservation Development, South African National Parks, P O Box 110040, Hadison Park, Kimberley 8306, South Africa. Introduction once current negotiations have been complet- ed. Two extensive vegetation studies have The Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) been conducted: a phytosociological recon- was proclaimed a protected area in 1937 naissance of the original MZNP by Van der (Wahl & Naude 1996). -
Diet Choice of the Black Rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis) in the Double Drift Game Reserve, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Diet choice of the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in the Double Drift Game Reserve, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Feeding ecology of the black rhinoceros. Frederik Winkel October 2004 Supervisors: Dr. W.F. de Boer Dr. P. Lent Introduction Diet choice of the black rhinceros (Diceros bicornis) in the Double Drift Game Reserve, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Feeding ecology of the black rhinoceros. Msc. thesis Wageningen University, Resource Ecology Group. Supervisors: Dr. W.F. de Boer Dr. P. Lent October 2004 No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without autorization of the author or one of the supervisors. Table of contents Abstract 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Introduction and research objections 1 1.2. Research questions and hyotheses 3 1.3. Study area 4 1.4. Geology 4 1.5. Climate 4 1.6. Vegetation description 4 1.7. Study animal 6 1.8. Other browers in the reserve 6 2. Methods 7 2.1. Diet choice 7 2.2. Biomass offtake of selected plant species 8 2.3. Forage availability 8 2.4. Preference indexes 9 2.5. Statistical analyses 9 2.6. Chemical analyses of plant species 10 3. Results 11 3.1. Regression equations for calculating dry matter offtake 11 3.2. Diet composition 12 3.3. Non characteristic bites 15 3.4. Dry matter offtake arranged along height classes 16 3.5. Vegetation availability and preference indexes 16 3.6. Chi-square test 18 3.7. Chemical analyses 19 3.8 Correlation between preference indexes and chemical analyses 20 of plant species in Bushclump Karroid Thicket 3.8.1. -
The Behaviour and Feeding Ecology of Extralimital Giraffe Within Albany Thicket Vegetation in the Little Karoo, South Africa
The behaviour and feeding ecology of extralimital giraffe within Albany Thicket vegetation in the Little Karoo, South Africa Jamie Paulse A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Vanessa Couldridge, Mr Clement Cupido and Dr Francois Deacon February 2018 http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ DECLARATION I declare that The behaviour and feeding ecology of extralimital giraffe within Albany Thicket vegetation in the Little Karoo, South Africa is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university, and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. Full name: ..Jamie Paulse............. Date: ...27/02/2018............................... Signed: ......................................... ii http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank the Lord Almighty for being with me till this point in my academic career. “I will give thanks to You, Lord, with all my heart. I will tell of all Your wonderful deeds.” Without Him, nothing is possible. He gave me continuous strength when I felt like giving up and His grace has been more than sufficient. To my parents, Sheryl and James Paulse, I thank you for giving me the extra push to continue with my academic career. For all your unconditional love, support and prayers, I will always be grateful. To my supervisors Dr Vanessa Couldridge, Mr Clement Cupido and Dr Francois Deacon, thank you for all your support and guidance. This was not one-sided, but could have only been done as a team. -
A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine
Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 7341124, 20 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7341124 Review Article A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine Ian Cock ,1,2 Nothando Mavuso,3 and Sandy Van Vuuren 3 1School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia 2Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia 3Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2193, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to Sandy Van Vuuren; [email protected] Received 30 April 2021; Accepted 9 July 2021; Published 30 July 2021 Academic Editor: Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe Copyright © 2021 Ian Cock et al. ,is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common bacterial infections globally, with ∼11% of the world’s population contracting at least one infection annually. Several South African plants are used in traditional healing systems to treat UTIs, yet the therapeutic potential of these plants against bacteria that cause UTI remains poorly explored. ,is study documents southern African plant species used traditionally to treat UTIs. An extensive literature review was undertaken to document the southern African plant species that are used in traditional South African medicine to treat UTIs, thereby highlighting gaps in the current research that require further study. One hundred and fifty-three southern African plant species that are used to treat UTIs were identified. -
Succulent and Nama Karoo Biomes
1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR EXPANSION OF ELECTRICITY GRID INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE EXPANSION OF 2 ELECTRICITY GRID INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA 3 4 Draft v3 Specialist Assessment Report for Stakeholder Review 5 6 NAMA KAROO, SUCCULENT KAROO AND DESERT 7 BIOMES 8 Integrating Author Luanita Snyman-Van der Walt1 Lizande Kellerman1 Contributing Authors Simon Todd2 9 10 1 Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch 7599 11 2 3Foxes Biodiversity Solutions (Pty) Ltd, Glencairn, 7975 12 13 NAMA KAROO, SUCCULENT KAROO AND DESERT BIOMES SPECIALIST REPORT Page 1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR EXPANSION OF ELECTRICITY GRID INFRASTRUCTURE IN SOUTH AFRICA 1 2 3 4 5 6 TABLES 3 7 FIGURES 4 8 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 5 9 10 1 SUMMARY 6 11 2 INTRODUCTION 7 12 3 SCOPE OF THIS STRATEGIC ISSUE 7 13 4 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 8 14 4.1 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 8 15 4.2 DATA SOURCES 9 16 4.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS 12 17 4.4 RELEVANT REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION 12 18 5 IMPACT CHARACTERISATION 13 19 6 CORRIDOR DESCRIPTION 14 20 6.1 DEMARCATION OF THE STUDY AREA 14 21 6.2 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF THE NAMA KAROO BIOME 15 22 6.2.1 What and where is the Nama Karoo biome in South Africa? 15 23 6.2.2 Vegetation types of the Nama Karoo 15 24 6.2.3 What is the state of the Nama Karoo? 17 25 6.2.4 Value of the Nama Karoo 18 26 6.2.4.1 Biodiversity value 18 27 6.2.4.2 Socio-economic value 19 28 6.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SUCCULENT KAROO BIOME -
John C. Gifford Arboretum Catalog of Plants
John C. Gifford Arboretum Catalog of Plants University of Miami DĂƌĐŚ, 201ϴ Table of Contents Introduction Brief History of the Arboretum How to Use this Catalog Map of the Gifford Arboretum Exhibit 1 - The Arecaceae (Palms) Exhibit 2 – Euphorbiaceae and Other Malpighiales Exhibit 3 – The Gymnosperms (Naked-seed Plants) Exhibit 4 – Moraceae and Other Rosales Exhibit 5 – Sapotaceae and Other Ericales Exhibit 6 – The Fabaceae Exhibit 7 – The Bignoniaceae Exhibit 8 – The Myrtales Exhibit 9 – Basal Angiosperms (Primitive Flowering Plants) Exhibit 10 - The Sapindales Exhibit 11 – The Malvales Exhibit 12 – South Florida Natives Exhibit 13 – What is a Tree? Exhibit 14 – Maya Cocoa Garden Introduction This new Catalog of the trees and plants of the Gifford Arboretum has been in the works for over years. It has been a labor of love, but also much more difficult than anticipated. Part of the difficulty has been taxonomic upheaval as genetic analysis has reordered the taxonomy of many plant species. However, that also makes the catalog all the more timely and needed. It includes plot maps and cross references to hopefully increase its value to users, and it has been paired with the creation and installation of new identification tags that include QR codes for all plants in the Arboretum. These codes allow guests to learn about WKH plants right as they stroll through the Arboretum. QR reader apps are free andHDV\ WR download WR D smart phone, DQGWKH\ greatly increase the educational value of the Arboretum to you Special thanks are due to WKRVH who worked on the new Catalog, including Aldridge Curators Anuradha Gunathilake, Wyatt Sharber, Luis Vargas, DQG &KULVWLQH 3DUGR as well as volunteers and members of the Gifford Arboretum Advisory Committee, Julie Dow and Lenny Goldstein. -
Great Escarpment): Assessing Migration Routes and Endemism
The Phytogeography of the Sneeuberg, Nuweveldberge and Roggeveldberge (Great Escarpment): Assessing Migration Routes and Endemism A thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Rhodes University by Vincent Ralph Clark May 2010 Supervisor: Prof. N.P. Barker (Department of Botany, Rhodes University) Co-supervisor: Prof. L. Mucina (Department of Environmental & Aquatic Sciences, Curtin University of Technology) Dedication “For by Him were all things created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible…All things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before all things and in Him all thing consist” Colossians 1:16 17 This thesis is dedicated to the Lord Jesus Christ, Who knows unequivocally what actually has gone on on this planet in ages gone by (!) i Abstract The Great Escarpment forms a semi-continuous mountain system 5 000 km long, stretching from Angola in the north-west, south through Namibia, and into western, southern and eastern South Africa, including Lesotho and Swaziland. It is composed of a wide variety of geological suites but is unified in representing the edge of the African plateau and the passive Gondwanan continental margin. The Great Escarpment falls into all major climatic zones on the subcontinent, is a repository of palaeo- and neo-endemics, hosts more than half of southern Africa’s centres of plant endemism, and has a rich suite of endemic fauna. In addition, the Great Escarpment is believed to be both a refugium and corridor for biological diversity. Despite the biological richness of the Great Escarpment, research to date has been fragmented and many sections of the Great Escarpment have not been studied.