Characterization Oí Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum Isolates by Using Differential Cultivars M. C. Gonçalves-Vidigal^ C. Thomazella^, H.T Elias^ and P.S
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243 Characterization oí Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Isolates by using Differential Cultivars M. C. Gonçalves-Vidigal^ C. Thomazella^, H.T Elias^ and P.S. Vidigal Filho^ ^Departamento de Agronomía, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020- 900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. ^CEPAF/Epagri, Rua Servidâo Ferdinando Tusset, S/N, 89801-970, Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Introduction Among diseases of the common bean, anthracnose is one of the most important diseases caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc.et Magn.) Scrib., which has demonstrating wide pathogenic variability. In Brazil, the characterization was limited to the Southeast and South regions, while in Santa Catarina state the last information about identification of diversity of C lindemuthianum races was reported by Balardin et al. (1990). In this study our objective was to determine the variability in C lindemuthianum in Santa Catarina. Material and Methods Eighteen isolates of C. lindemuthianum were collected between 2002 and 2003 from common bean cultivars grown in Guatambú, Ponte Serrada, Campos Novos and Ituporanga in Santa Catarina state. The fungus was isolated from stem or pods showing anthracnose symptoms. Monosporic cultures of each isolate were grown and maintained for short periods on tubes containing either PDA (potato-dextrose agar) or pods culture medium, incubated at 22°C for 14 days. The virulence phenotype of each isolate was characterized, using a set of 12 common bean differential cultivars. The protocol for inoculation was as follows: 14-day-old bean plants with fully developed first trifoliate leaves were spray-inoculated with a spore suspension (1.2 x 10^ spores ml'^) of each isolate of C lindemuthianum, kfttx seven days of inoculation in a mist chamber, seedlings were evaluated for their disease reaction using a scale from 1 to 9 (Balardin et al., 1990; Pastor-Corrales, 1991). Plants with disease reaction scores from 1-3 were considered resistant, whereas plants that were rated from 4-9 were considered susceptible. Results and Discussion The reactions of set differential cultivars to the 18 isolates of C lindemuthianum demonstrated the presence of races 17, 65, 67, 73, 75, 83, 89, and 101 (Table 1). In addition, five new races were characterized as 67, 73, 75, 83, and 101. In a previous report, races alpha (17), epsilon (65), and 89 had been identified in Santa Catarina (Oliveira et al, 1973; Menezes and Dianese, 1988; Balardin et al, 1990). Beside that, these authors identified the races beta, delta, mexican I, brazilian I, kappa, mu, and gamma, in Santa Catarina. Later, in the same state, Rava et al. ( 1994) identified the race 55 using the binary system. Race 67 showed high frequency, comprising 22% of the total sample. This race was found in two different locations. In the other hand/six different isolates (three for each one) had given rise to the races 73, and 101. The race 73 was the only common and widespread. The results showed the existence of variability of the C lindemuthianum pathogen in Santa Catarina. Therefore is evident that the bean-breeding program must consider the frequency of the races identified in this work, providing new studies with the proposal to keep the information about the variability of this pathogen in this region up to date. Based on the resistance reactions, the differential cultivars PI 207262, TO, TU, AB 136, and G 2333 are the main resistance sources to the eight identified races. 244 Tablel. Reaction of differential cultivars to CoUetotrichum lindemuthianum isolates collected in Santa Catarina state Differential cultivars* Isolate Local Race A B c D E F G H I J K L 1 Guatambú 83 S s R R S R S R R R R R 2 Guatambú 67 S s R R R R S R R R R R 3 Guatambú 101 s R S R R S S R R R R R 4 Ponte Serrada 65 s R R R R R s R R R R R 5 Guatambú 75 s s R S R R s R R R R R 6 Guatambú 73 s R R S R R S R R R R R 7 Ponte Serrada 73 s R R S R R s R R R R R 8 Campos Novos 17 s R R R S R R R R R R R 9 Campos Novos 67 s s R R R R s R R R R R 10 Guatambú 83 s S R R S R S R R R R R 11 Guatambú 101 s R S R R S s R R R R R 12 Ponte Serrada 75 s S R S R R S R R R R R 13 Ponte Serrada 65 s R R R R R s R R R R R 14 Ponte Serrada 101 s R S R R S S R R R R R 15 Campos Novos 67 s S R R R R s R R R R R 16 Ituporanga 73 s R R S R R S R R R R R 17 Campos Novos 89 s R R S S R s R R R R R 18 Campos Novos 67 s S R R R R s R R R R R *A- Michelite (1); B- Dark Red Kidney (2); C- Perry Marrow (4); D- Cornell 49-242 (8); E- Widusa (16); F- Kaboon (32); G- Mexico 222 (64); H- PI 207262 (128); I- TO (256); J- TU (512); K- AB136 (1024); L- G2333 (2048). *S- Susceptible, R- Resistant. Acknowledgements Claudia Thomazella is sponsored by CAPES. This research was supported by CNPq. The authors would like to thank Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria ~ Epagri for samples of C. lindemuthianum. We thank Silmara Hemt, Waldir Nieknich, and Rogério Hemandes for their assistance in this study. References Balardin, R.S., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., and Otoya, M.M. 1990. Variabilidade patogénica de CoUetotrichum lindemuthianum no Estdido de Santa Catarina. Fitop. Bras. 15:243-245, Menezes, J.R., and Dianese, J.C, 1988. Race characterization of BraziUan isolates of CoUetotrichum lindemuthianum and detection of resistance to anthracnose in Phaseolus vw/gofrâ. Phytopathology 78:650-655. Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 1991. Estandarización de variedades diferenciales y de designación de razas de CoUetotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathology 81:694 (abstract). Oliveira, E.A., Antunes, I.F., and Costa, J.G.C.da. 1973. Bean anthracnose race survey in South Brazil. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 16: 42-43. Rava, CA., Purchio, A.F., and Sartorato, A. 1994. Caracterizaçâo de patótipos de CoUetotrichum lindemuthianum quQ ocorrem em algumas regiôes produtoras de feijoeiro comum. Fitop. Bras. 19:167-172. .