METROPOLITAN AIR QUALITY AND WEATHER SERVICES – SAFAR Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), , EMISSION INVENTORY CAMPAIGN FOR SAFAR-PUNE-2019: INITIAL RESULTS

Introduction: Aim: Emissions Inventory (EI) implies to a compilation of data for all air pollution To develop ultra-high resolution (400mx400m) inventory for PMC-PCMC over sources that are responsible for air quality changes in a region. An emissions 30kmx30km domain along with resolution of 4km over entire Pune inventory being a relentless practice; it needs continual improvement. Metropolitan Region (PMR) domain (128x93km) for extra superior Catching up the pace at which land use pattern, lifestyle, so also an overall forecasting. Environment is changing. Present Emissions Inventory Campaign 2019 is an exclusive refinement of earlier work and value-added effort. Campaign steered in collaboration with Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune. The task was accomplished in cooperation with local bodies (i.e. PMC, PCMC, PMRDA), educational institutions and the Department of Environment Science, SPPU. More than 120 student volunteers from different colleges and SPPU contributed to this extensive scientific campaign.

Ground Trothing Intensity:  Vehicle density count done at 170 Major & 37 Minor roads; random survey conducted for vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT/day), Fuel type used, fuel consumption, Hour of usage etc.  More than 40 roads surveyed exclusively for speed breakers  Nine bus terminals and depots were surveyed  34 slum pockets & 99 Household areas surveyed: Fuel type used and hours of cooking, family size, mosquito repellent used, water heating practice, etc.  More than 90 Hotel & 75 Street Vendor areas visited: Fuel type used, pollution control measures are taken, etc.  About 50 Tourist Places visited: Visit mode of transport, tourists per day, parking lot survey, etc.

Traffic Load in PMR (2019) 120000 MultiUtility City BUS School BUS 100000 Heavy Commertial Vehicle Light Commertial Vehicle 4W (Out Station)

4W (Commertial) 4W (Private) Three Wheelers 80000 Two Wheelers 60000

Vehicle No. No. Vehicle 40000

20000

0

CME

Sangvi

Aundh

FC Road FC

SB SB Road

JM Road JM

ApteRoad

Paud Road

Sagamwadi

KatrajRoad

Nehru Road Nehru

Laxmi Road Laxmi

Spicer Spicer Road

Shivaji Road

Pimpri Gaon

Pune station Pune

Shivaji Nagar Shivaji

Bhakti Shakti Bhakti

Prabhat Road Prabhat

Khadki Bazaar

TCS Hinjewadi TCS

Cummins road Cummins

NPB , , NPB

E-Square Road E-Square

SGS Mall, SGS Camp

Finolex Square Finolex

Krishna Chowk Krishna

Balewadi Phata

Akurdi Main Rd Main Akurdi

Aaimata Mandir Aaimata

Mumbaipass by

Kasarwadi Road Kasarwadi

WanoworieRoad

Law College Law Road

Race Course Road Course Race

Dehu Alandi Alandi Road

Hinjawadi Phase 8 Phase

SwargateJunction

IITM Road Pashan IITM

Shir Darshan Road Darshan Shir

Alandi ST Stand Rd Stand ST Alandi

Saint Oatrik Saint Church

Kondhawa Bus Stop Bus Kondhawa

Thergaon Link Road Thergaon

Baner - UoP Junction UoP -

Gandhi Bhavan Road Bhavan Gandhi

ILS Law College Law ILS road

Onkar Garden chowk OnkarGarden

Manas Lake, Lake, Manas Bhugaon

Ch. Shivaji Maharaj Rd Maharaj Shivaji Ch.

Ghorpadi Mundwa Rd Ghorpadi

Pune - Nagar highway Nagar - Pune

Kushaba Zanjale Road Zanjale Kushaba

Dandekar pool Chowk pool Dandekar

Dnyaneshwar Paduka Dnyaneshwar

Bank of India, Tilak India, of Bank Rd

Aundh Road Rajbhavan Road Aundh

University - Baner Road Baner - University

Waghjai Temple S'wadi WaghjaiTemple

Pune - Solapur Solapur - Pune Highway

Aditya Birla Hospital Rd Birla Aditya

City Pride Road Pride City

Unversity - Road Pashan Unversity

Sasane Nagar , , Nagar Sasane

Vasant Lal Vasant Marg Baburao

Rajiv Gandhi Hospital Rd Hospital Gandhi Rajiv

Kirkee War Cementry Rd Cementry War Kirkee Yashwantrao Chawan Rd Yashwantrao

GajananS'Nagar Maharaj Survey Roads Karadi Bypass Karadi Bypass has 47.6%, 26.66% and 25.67% are registered as Petrol, CNG and Diesel driven vehicles respectively. About 0.07% of electric vehicles also contribute to the total fleet. Almost all two-wheelers run on petrol, followed by four-wheelers and three-wheelers. CNG – clean fuel being used by three- wheelers the most i.e. 89%. Few four-wheelers along with heavy and light commercial vehicles also use CNG as a fuel.

≃1871 surveyed slums had 5 persons/family; these use variety of cooking fuels (coal, wood, kerosene, diesel, LPG & electricity); so also combination of 2or3 fuels. Promisingly, 92.6% of the slums have access to LPG. Average cooking hrs of hotels recorded to be (10.4) and >2700 households surveyed had 4 street vendor (9); very few use coal or other fuel. LPG persons/family; Tank and pipe Cooking fuel use by Slum Dwellers Mixed Fuel is widely used for cooking whereas some use biomass Commute Pattern of Punekars (kg) Mixed supplied LPG and PNG widely used. Electricity 1.55% as tandoor & chulha fuel. Private 0.11% Vehicle Transport 21.3% PMR residents use ≃12-15 types of Coal (kg) 22.1% Walking 0.37% 2.9% mosquito repellents e.g. ayurvedic Wood (Kg) 3.15% Public agarbatti, coil, liquidator, cream, spray, LPG (Kg) Transport etc. Nearly 126 household residents 92.57% Kerosene 53.7% Diesel (Lit) reported for respiratory symptoms; (Lit) 2.19% 0.05% Asthma (54), Breathing Problem (22), Bronchitis (05), Allergy (43).

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