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Genre Based Translation: a Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects

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Genre Based Translation: a Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects Diadikasia Journal Copyright © 2020 Diadikasia Organization Indramayu, Indonesia. https://diadikasia.pubpub.org/ Volume 1(1): 70-76 DOI: 10.21428/8c841009.b655d0df GENRE BASED TRANSLATION: A STUDY OF NOTICEMENTS IN BALI TOURISM OBJECTS Ihyak Mustofa [email protected] English Department of Universitas Panca Marga Jl. Yos Sudarso No. 107, Probolinggo, Indonesia 67271 Citation: Mustofa, I. (2020). Genre Based Translation: A Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects. Diadikasia Journal, 1(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.21428/8c841009.b655d0df Abstract This study is genre based translation. This article is aimed to explore 4 texts and its translations in notice boards of tourism objects in Bali. The first is the notice board found on Kuta Beach. The second is in the Nusa Dua beach, Denpasar. The third is in Dreamland, Pecatu. The last is found in Pura Gunung Raung, Gianyar. Then, to find the recommendations based on the finding to the translator. There are three kinds of mistakes found in those texts. They are: word choices, explicitations, and Addition/omission. Keywords: Translation, Linguistics, Genre, SFL, NR, ESP. Introduction Translation is transferring message from one language (source language) to another language (target language). The purpose of translating is to convey the original tone and intent of the message, taking into account cultural and regional differences between source and target language. Nowadays, the study about translation is developed. One of the new forms of translation study is genre based translation. It is a translation which is created based on specific use of language. There are three approaches that used in genre studies namely: Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), the New Rhetoric (NR) genre theory, and English Specific Purposes (ESP). This study is applied Systemic Functional Linguistic as the approach 70 | Diadikasia Journal. Volume 1, Issue 1, March, 2020. Ihyak Mustofa: Genre Based Translation: A Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects to analysis the genre, because the object of this study is relevant to the approach. It is focused on the internal linguistic feature rather than the regularly activities. In relation to this study, the tourism industry has shown sustained growth in both revenues and number of tourists, and has left broad economic, social, cultural and environmental footprints reaching almost every part of the world. Indonesia as the development country, one of the primary motivations for a country to promote itself as a tourism destination is the expected economic improvement. Thus, the sign or the directions should give the relevant information to the tourists, so that they can enjoy anything the want. One of the oldest methods used in delivering latest information or to make announcements in tourism object is by using the notice board. It is normally made of wooden framed board and it displayed big fonts to ease the readers who read it. According to Osamor et al. (2007), the wooden notice board is a flat solid object placed at strategic positions, makes it an object with notices and posters on it. Furthermore, the information in the notice is more relevant rather than in the other notices, because it is usually removed by the time. Therefore, the noticements in tourism objects are relevant object to be researched. This article is aimed to explore 4 texts and its translations in notice boards of tourism objects in Bali. The first is the notice board found on Kuta Beach. The second is in the Nusa Dua beach, Denpasar. The third is in Dreamland, Pecatu. The last is found in Pura Gunung Raung, Gianyar. Then, to find the recommendations based on the finding for the translator. Theoritical insights were drawn from Schematic Structures proposed by Martin (1992). Literature Review Some works are considered as relevant to this study. The first is Li Yongqing (2013) who studied Genre based translation in hotel promotional text in Malaysia. The purpose of the study is to use a genre approach to explain the use of advertising language in Malaysia hotel advertisements in attaining their objectives. The study also examines the way of the advertisements were written. The Five-Move structure for hotel advertisements proposed by Gu Xiangfen (2008) has been adopted to analyze a sample of 20 Malaysia hotel advertisements. The study also looks into other aspects of the texts, such as the communicative purposes and the linguistic features. The second is Carmen (2006) who studied genre based translation based on the role of instruction. This study seeks to validate the use of translation as a methodological procedure that facilitates learners' interpretation of professional writing practices. It mainly contend that translation activities can become an adequate linguistic input in the teaching of professional written genres as regards the analysis of the linguistic, rhetorical and social components of these genres. The third is Safnil (2013). The main purpose of the study was to search for the occurrence of communicative and subcommunicative units and to identify the linguistic features commonly used by the authors to realize the communicative and subcommunicative units. Three groups of English RAs by Indonesian speakers were chosen for this study: 10 RAs from engineering science, ten from science and ten from medical 71 | Diadikasia Journal. Volume 1, Issue 1, March, 2020. Ihyak Mustofa: Genre Based Translation: A Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects science journals. This study used genre-based method to investigate the communicative units in the text by using Swales’ CARS as a model. The findings confirm those of previous relevant studies that discourse styles and linguistic features of English RA introductions by Indo- nesian speakers are different from the ones by English native speakers. The fourth is Ornella (2011). This study presents an analysis of abstracts from research articles found in Linguistics and Translation Studies journals. It first presents some theoretical background on discourse community and genre analysis, then it shows the analysis carried out on 18 abstracts, 6 written in English, 6 in Portu- guese and 6 being their translations into English. The analysis aims at verifying whether the rhetorical patterns of organizations and the moves found in abstracts coincide with those proposed by Swales (1993) in his study of research articles and introductions. Besides, it intends to identify the verb tenses and voice preferably used in this kind of text as well as mechanisms used to indicate presence or absence of the writer in the text. The analysis reveals that the rhetorical patterns and some moves proposed by Swales are found in abstracts, though not in the same order. It also shows a high occurrence of present simple tense and active voice in all moves and passive voice only occasionally. It argues that the absence of the writer is a distinctive feature of scientific discourse and it is obtained by means of passive voice and typical statements used as resources to avoid the use of personal pronouns. The fifth is Anabel (2013). This article describes an action research project on multilingual management and translation of court documents developed by the GENTT research group, which postulates that the notions of ‘textual genre’, ‘genre system’ and ‘meta-genre’ can be powerful tools for accessing and ‘reusing’ the linguistic and extra- linguistic information technical writers and translators need to manage specialised communication. To validate this hypothesis the criminal court genre systems of four countries (Germany, Spain, France and the United Kingdom) have been analysed and described from a legal-conceptual, discursive-textual and terminological perspective. The results of this contrastive analysis have been used as the basis for creating translation resources (both conceptual and linguistic), which have been organised into an online platform for translators of court documents. This platform is conceived as a knowledge system which will permit the ‘reusability’ of electronic translation resources. Our approach presents an integrative methodology for research into legal translation. Based on those studies, there are some novelties that can be applied in this study. 1. Genre analysis that used noticement as the object is still rare. 2. A translation study which is based on genre rarely observed or researched. This study can be one of references to study genre based translation. 3. The Genre based translation study about noticement in tourism industry is not be researched yet. Discussion A. Genre Analysis on SFL approach 1. Macro Genre In Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) approach, the Macro genre of the data is belonged to information text. Macro genre stands in for the idea of “complex” or “secondary” genres that might involve other multiple embedded genres. The SFL approach 72 | Diadikasia Journal. Volume 1, Issue 1, March, 2020. Ihyak Mustofa: Genre Based Translation: A Study of Noticements in Bali Tourism Objects avoids the difficulty of talking about “complex” or combined genre as separate from other genre types by only recognizing a limited set of genre as such. (Hyland, 2002: 123) defines “texts which combine more fundamental element genres such as recounts, narratives, explanations and so on”. These sets of acknowledged genres, such as the recount, are then combined to create all other text types as macro genres. a. Micro Genre The micro genre of these data is classified as noticement text. Martin and Rose (2003; 2007) proposed that micro
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