Respiration, Worker Body Size, Tempo and Activity in Whole Colonies of Ants
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The Ants of Oklahoma Master of Science
THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA By Jerry H. Young(I\" Bachelor of Science Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College Stillwater, Oklahoma 1955 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1 1956 tl<lAWMA AGCMCl«.f�Al L �Ci'!AlttCAl e&U.Ull LIBRARY JUL16195 6 THE ANTS OF OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser }>JcMem��f � 't'" he Thesis ) Committee Member of the Thesis Committee 7'4'.��Member of the Thesis Committee Head of the Department ifean of the Graduate School 361565 ii PREFACE The study of the distribution of ants in the United States has been a long and continuous process with many contributors, but the State of Oklahoma has not received the attentions of these observers to any great extent. The only known list of ants of Oklahoma is one prepared by Mo Ro Smith (1935)0 Early in 1954 a survey of the state of Oklahoma was made to determine the species present and their distributiono The results of this survey, which blanketed the entire State, are given in this paper. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dro Do E. Howell, chairman of the writer's thesis committee, for his valuable assistance and careful guidance in the preparation of this papero Also, much guidance on preparation of this manuscrip_t was received from Drs. Do Eo Bryan, William H. Irwin and F. A. Fenton. Many of the determin ations were made by M. R. Smith.. Vital infonnation was obtained from the museums at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College and the University of Oklahoma. -
Pseudomyrmex Gracilis and Monomorium Floricola (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Collected in Mississippi
Midsouth Entomologist 3: 106–109 ISSN: 1936-6019 www.midsouthentomologist.org.msstate.edu Report Two New Exotic Pest Ants, Pseudomyrmex gracilis and Monomorium floricola (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Collected in Mississippi MacGown, J. A.* and J. G. Hill Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762 *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: 26-VII-2010 Accepted: 28-VII-2010 Here we report collections of two new exotic pest ants, Pseudomyrmex gracilis (F) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmicinae) and Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) (Myrmicinae), from Mississippi. We collected specimens of these two species on Sabal palm (Sabal sp., Arecaceae) on 20 May 2010 at an outdoor nursery specializing in palm trees in Gulfport, Harrison County, Mississippi (30°23'47"N 89°05'33W). Both species of ants were collected on the same individual tree, which was planted directly in the soil. Several workers of Monomorium were observed and collected, but only one worker of the Pseudomyrmex was collected. No colonies of either species were discovered, but our reluctance to damage the palm by searching for colonies prevented a more thorough search. Palms at this nursery were imported from Florida, and it is therefore possible that the ants were inadvertently introduced with the plants, as both of these species are known to occur in Florida (Deyrup et al. 2000). The Mexican twig or elongate twig ant, P. gracilis (Figure 1) has a widespread distribution from Argentina and Brazil to southern Texas and the Caribbean (Ward 1993, Wetterer and Wetterer 2003). This species is exotic elsewhere in the United States, only being reported from Florida, Hawaii, and Louisiana. -
International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods 424 Poster Presentations ______
POSTER PRESENTATIONS ______________________________________________________________ Poster Presentations 423 IMPROVEMENT OF RELEASE METHOD FOR APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) BASED ON ECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES Junichiro Abe and Junichi Yukawa Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, Japan ABSTRACT. In many countries, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) has been used effectively as a biological control agent against aphids, particularly in greenhouses. In Japan, A. aphidimyza was reg- istered as a biological control agent in April 1999, and mass-produced cocoons have been imported from The Netherlands and United Kingdom since mass-rearing methods have not yet been estab- lished. In recent years, the effect of imported A. aphidimyza on aphid populations was evaluated in greenhouses at some Agricultural Experiment Stations in Japan. However, no striking effect has been reported yet from Japan. The failure of its use in Japan seems to be caused chiefly by the lack of detailed ecological or behavioral information of A. aphidimyza. Therefore, we investigated its ecological and behavioral attributes as follows: (1) the survival of pupae in relation to the depth of pupation sites; (2) the time of adult emergence in response to photoperiod during the pupal stage; (3) the importance of a hanging substrate for successful mating; and (4) the influence of adult size and nutrient status on adult longev- ity and fecundity. (1) A commercial natural enemy importer in Japan suggests that users divide cocoons into groups and put each group into a plastic container filled with vermiculite to a depth of 100 mm. However, we believe this is too deep for A. aphidimyza pupae, since under natural conditions mature larvae spin their cocoons in the top few millimeters to a maxmum depth of 30 mm. -
NEST STRUCTURE and FLIGHTS of the ANT Formica Obscuriventris Mayr
NEST STRUCTURE AND FLIGHTS OF THE ANT Formica obscuriventris Mayr BY MARY TALBOT The Edwin S. George Reserve, University of Michigan Nineteen colonies of Formica obscuriventris and Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.) with scattered were discovered between 1951 and 1962 in the forbs (Verbascum thapsus L., Asclepias syriaca two square miles of the Edwin S . George Reserve L., Circium arvense (L.) Scop.). Oaks of the in southern Michigan. This paper describes flight nearby woods held a thick moist layer of fallen activities of males and females, atmospheric leaves, but on the sunny slope the leaves col- conditions which allowed or prevented flights lected abundantly only where held by logs and and the type of nest in which the winged ants their branches . developed and from which they flew. The matted leaf layers piled against the largest Nest Distribution and Structure log were used extensively for housing larvae and pupae. From here they could be moved Most of the 19 colonies were located at places readily to take advantage of fluctuating moisture where woods and fields met ; six were at woods' and heat. Brood was also found within the log, edges, three in small clearings, one at a fence row just under it, and in chambers extending down and two among small clumps of trees in fields. into the soil from 2 to 6 inches . At various Six were in a sandy strip between marsh and times brood was found under leaves along 30 woods, and one was on a ridge of an open oak- feet of the main log. Covered runways extended hickory wood . -
IS-292 Settlement
Insectes soc. 44 (1997) 323 – 336 0020-1812/97/040323-14 $ 1.50+0.20/0 © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 1997 Insectes Sociaux Research article Settlement and distribution of colony-founding queens of the arboreal ant, Crematogaster ashmeadi, in a longleaf pine forest D. A. Hahn 1 and W. R. Tschinkel * Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3050, USA, e-mail: [email protected] 1 Current address: Interdisciplinary Program in Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Key words: Ecology, life history, Formicidae, Picioides borealis, red-cockaded woodpecker. Abstract Crematogaster ashmeadi is the dominant arboreal ant occurring on longleaf pines in the Apalachi- cola National Forest of northern Florida. Newly-mated C. ashmeadi queens preferentially founded colonies in abandoned beetle galleries in the dead branches of longleaf pine saplings. There was a positive association between the frequency of queens in trees, several size-related tree character- istics and the amount of insect boring activity in dead branches. The dispersion of newly-mated queens among trees was clumped, suggesting that these queens selected founding sites according to their suitability for colony founding, and that these favorable characteristics were clumped among saplings. The occurrence of founding nests was not related to the prior presence of other ants on the tree. Survival of incipient colonies during the first year was low (7.6%), and their dispersion was not different from random. One possible explanation for this change in dispersion over the year is aggressive interference competition between incipient colonies, although random mortality cannot be discounted. Overall, the distribution of young C. -
Arkansas Academy of Science
Journal of the CODEN: AKASO ISBN: 0097-4374 ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOLUME 61 2007 Library Rate ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ARKANSAS TECH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 1701 N. BOULDER RUSSELLVILLE. AR 72801-2222 Arkansas Academy ofScience, Dept. of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Charles Brookover, 1917 C. E. Hoffman, 1959 Paul Sharrah, 1984 Dwight M. Moore, 1932-33, 64 N. D. Buffaloe, 1960 William L. Evans, 1985 Flora Haas, 1934 H. L. Bogan, 1961 Gary Heidt, 1986 H. H. Hyman, 1935 Trumann McEver, 1962 Edmond Bacon, 1987 L. B. Ham, 1936 Robert Shideler, 1963 Gary Tucker, 1988 W. C. Muon, 1937 L. F. Bailey, 1965 David Chittenden, 1989 M. J. McHenry, 1938 James H. Fribourgh, 1966 Richard K. Speairs, Jr. 1990 T. L. Smith, 1939 Howard Moore, 1967 Robert Watson, 1991 P. G. Horton, 1940 John J. Chapman, 1968 Michael W. Rapp, 1992 I. A. Willis, 1941-42 Arthur Fry, 1969 Arthur A. Johnson, 1993 L. B. Roberts, 1943-44 M. L. Lawson, 1970 George Harp, 1994 JeffBanks, 1945 R. T. Kirkwood, 1971 James Peck, 1995 H. L. Winburn, 1946-47 George E. Templeton, 1972 Peggy R. Dorris, 1996 E. A. Provine, 1948 E. B. Wittlake, 1973 Richard Kluender, 1997 G. V. Robinette, 1949 Clark McCarty, 1974 James Daly, 1998 John R. Totter, 1950 Edward Dale, 1975 Rose McConnell, 1999 R. H. Austin, 1951 Joe Guenter, 1976 Mostafa Hemmati, 2000 E. A. Spessard, 1952 Jewel Moore, 1977 Mark Draganjac, 2001 Delbert Swartz, 1953 Joe Nix, 1978 John Rickett, 2002 Z. -
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the Control of Salvinia
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Introduction and Establishment of Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the Control of Salvinia minima Baker (Salviniaceae), and Interspecies Interactions Possibly Limiting Successful Control in Louisiana Katherine A. Parys Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Parys, Katherine A., "Introduction and Establishment of Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for the Control of Salvinia minima Baker (Salviniaceae), and Interspecies Interactions Possibly Limiting Successful Control in Louisiana" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1565. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1565 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. INTRODUCTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CYRTOBAGOUS SALVINIAE CALDER AND SANDS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FOR THE CONTROL OF SALVINIA MINIMA BAKER (SALVINIACEAE), AND INTERSPECIES INTERACTIONS POSSIBLY LIMITING SUCCESSFUL CONTROL IN LOUISIANA. A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology By Katherine A. Parys B.A., University of Rhode Island, 2002 M.S., Clarion University of Pennsylvania, 2004 December 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In pursing this Ph.D. I owe many thanks to many people who have supported me throughout this endeavor. -
Pyramid Ants Dorymyrmex Bureni Dorymrymex Medeis Contributor: Timothy S
Pyramid Ants Dorymyrmex bureni Dorymrymex medeis Contributor: Timothy S. Davis DESCRIPTION Taxonomy and Basic Description Pyramid Ants are easily identified in the field by their distinctive cone shaped mounds with an entrance hole in the center. In South Carolina, two species have been collected and identified. Taxonomically, the Pyramid ants are in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. The Dolichoderine ants are distinguished as having a single “hump” or node between the thorax and gaster and the absence of a stinger. The genus Dorymyrmex is distinguished by the presence of a distinct mid- dorsal cone shaped protuberance. It should be noted that over the years the genus name has shifted from Doyrmyrmex to Conomyrma, back to Dorymyrmex. Hence, some papers from the mid 1980’s will bear the Conomyrma name. The best treatment of the Photo by T.S. Davis identification of the pyramid ants in the Southeastern United States currently is a paper by James Trager published in 1988. While color is rarely a good character for identifying ants, this character works well with pyramid ants. D. bureni is a light red to yellowish ant. D. medee is dark brown almost black in color. Another important character is the shape of the mesonotum. In D. bureni the mesonotum is smooth with out a sharp angle. D. medee the mesonotum is bears a sharp angle. There are nearly 9,000 species of ants that have been described on a world-wide basis. As would be expected, the biology and life histories of these ants are nearly as diverse as the group itself. Understanding the biology and life history of a given species is critical to decisions made regarding the management and/or conservation of an ant species. -
Spatial and Temporal Occurrence of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Mississippi
Armyworm Symposium 2002: Adamczyk et al. 229 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE OF BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS IN MISSISSIPPI J. J. ADAMCZYK, JR.1, M. R. WILLIAMS2, J. T. REED2, D. W. HUBBARD1 AND D. D. HARDEE1 1USDA, ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 2Mississippi State University, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Clay Lyle Building, Mississippi State, MS 39762 ABSTRACT Throughout 1994-2000, adult beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) populations were monitored in the delta and hill regions of Mississippi using pheromone traps. Signifi- cant differences in the mean number of moths trapped were found among different geo- graphical areas of the state. A trend was observed where the greatest number of moths was found in the Mississippi Delta, located in the western region of the state. The lowest number of moths was found in the hills located in the eastern region of the state. An annual profile of beet armyworm populations in the western section of the Mississippi Delta also revealed that wide-scale immigration of this pest typically begins at 200 Julian days (mid-July). This date could be used as a benchmark to determine when and if population levels are high enough to have the potential to cause economic damage to crops in the Mississippi Delta. Key Words: Spodoptera, migration, movement RESUMEN A travéz de los años 1994 a 2000, se realizaron un monitoreo de las poblaciones de adultos del gusano trozador de la remolacha, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) en las regiones de la Delta y las colinas del Estado de Mississippi usando trampas de feronomas. -
Zootaxa, Crematogaster Pygmaea (Hymenoptera
Zootaxa 2075: 45–54 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Crematogaster pygmaea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), a highly polygynous and polydomous Crematogaster from northeastern Brazil YVES QUINET1, RACHID HAMIDI2, MARIO XAVIER RUIZ-GONZALEZ3, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE de BISEAU4 & JOHN T. LONGINO5 1Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 60740-000 Fortaleza, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected] 2,4Servide d'Eco-Ethologie Evolutive CP 160/12, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], 3Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR-CNRS 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France. E-mail: [email protected] 5The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington 98505, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Crematogaster pygmaea is revived from synonymy under C. abstinens and newly characterized as a ground-nesting ant from northeastern Brazil. It is a habitat specialist in coastal and tabuleiro zones, where it forms extensive polydomous and polygynous colonies that nest in the soil. Workers forage extensively on honeydew and extrafloral nectar, and foraging continues day and night, although it is depressed at ground temperatures above 32°C. Gyne production occurs at the beginning of the rainy season, while male production starts in the dry season, some months before gyne production. Key words: Brazil, Ceará, Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Crematogaster, polygyny, polydomy Introduction The genus Crematogaster occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and it is particularly diverse and abundant in the Neotropics. -
Nest Defense and Conspecific Enemy Recognition in the Desert
P1: JRX Journal of Insect Behavior [joib] pp1033-joir-474318 November 6, 2003 13:37 Style file version Feb 08, 2000 Journal of Insect Behavior, Vol. 16, No. 5, September 2003 (C 2003) Nest Defense and Conspecific Enemy Recognition in the Desert Ant Cataglyphis fortis Markus Knaden1 and Rudiger¨ Wehner1,2 Accepted July 16, 2003; revised August 12, 2003 This study focuses on different factors affecting the level of aggression in the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis. We found that the readiness to fight against conspecific ants was high in ants captured close to the nest entrance (0- and 1-m distances). At a 5-m distance from the nest entrance the level of aggression was significantly lower. As the mean foraging range in desert ants by far exceeds this distance, the present account clearly shows that in C. fortis aggressive behavior is displayed in the context of nest, rather than food-territory defense. In addition, ants were more aggressive against members of a colony with which they had recently exchanged aggressive encounters than against members of a yet unknown colony. This finding is discussed in terms of a learned, enemy- specific label-template recognition process. KEY WORDS: aggression; Cataglyphis; “dear-enemy” phenomenon; enemy recognition; territoriality. INTRODUCTION The desert ant Cataglyphis fortis (Wehner, 1983) is the only species of ants inhabiting the vast plains of the North African salt pans. The colonies of this medium-sized monomorphic Cataglyphis species (body length, 5.5– 9.6 mm; head width, 1.1–2.4 mm; [Wehner, 1983; Dillier, 1998]) comprise only about 50 foragers, which search individually for dead arthropods (Wehner, 1983, 1987). -
A Survey of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Arkansas and the Ozark Mountains Joseph O'neill University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses Horticulture 12-2011 A Survey of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Arkansas and the Ozark Mountains Joseph O'Neill University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/hortuht Recommended Citation O'Neill, Joseph, "A Survey of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Arkansas and the Ozark Mountains" (2011). Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses. 1. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/hortuht/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Horticulture at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. A Survey of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Arkansas and the Ozark Mountains An Undergraduate Honors Thesis at the University of Arkansas Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the University of Arkansas Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences Honors Program by Joseph C. O’Neill and Dr. Ashley P.G. Dowling December 2011 < > Dr. Curt R. Rom < > Dr. Ashley P.G. Dowling < > Dr. Donn T. Johnson < > Dr. Duane C. Wolf ABSTRACT Ants are among the most abundant animals in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet local fauna are often poorly understood due to a lack of surveys. This study separated and identified ant species from arthropod samples obtained during ongoing projects by the lab of Dr. A.P.G. Dowling, Professor of Entomology at the University of Arkansas. More than 600 ants were prepared, 284 of which were identified to genus and 263 to species.