Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region

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In cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation

Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4099

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region

By Jennifer Lanning-Rush, William H. Asquith, and Raymond M. Slade, Jr.

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4099

In cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation

Austin, Texas 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bruce Babbitt, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For additional information write to:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey 8011 Cameron Rd. Austin, TX 78754–3898

Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225–0286

ii CONTENTS

Abstract ...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Purpose and Scope ...... 1 Previous Studies and Extreme Storm Data ...... 2 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas ...... 3 Selected References ...... 4

FIGURES

1. Map showing climatic regions of this report and of the National Weather Service, Texas ...... 2 2–13. Graphs showing extreme precipitation curve for the: 2. 1-day storm in the High Plains and Low Rolling Plains climatic region of Texas ...... 8 3. 3-day storm in the High Plains and Low Rolling Plains climatic region of Texas ...... 8 4. 2-day storm in the North Central climatic region of Texas ...... 9 5. 4-day storm in the North Central climatic region of Texas ...... 9 6. 1-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas ...... 10 7. 3-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas ...... 10 8. 5-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas ...... 11 9. 2-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas ...... 11 10. 4-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas ...... 12 11. 6-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas ...... 12 12. 2-day storm in the East Texas and Upper Coast climatic region of Texas ...... 13 13. 4-day storm in the East Texas and Upper Coast climatic region of Texas ...... 13

TABLES

1. Descriptions of notable and extreme storms in Texas ...... 14 2. Summary of notable and extreme storms in Texas ...... 38

CONTENTS iii Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region

By Jennifer Lanning-Rush, William H. Asquith, and Raymond M. Slade, Jr.

Abstract Texas Department of Transportation, began a 3-year study of precipitation characteristics for Texas. The The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation major objectives of this study are (1) to define the with the Texas Department of Transportation, depth-duration frequency of precipitation in Texas, conducted a study of extreme precipitation depths (2) to determine appropriate depth-area precipitation for various durations and storm areas for Texas, relations for Texas, and (3) to investigate extreme excluding the Trans-Pecos region. The extreme precipitation depths for regions of Texas. The focus of precipitation depth is an estimate, from docu- this report is on extreme precipitation depths. mented storms, of the largest precipitation depth expected to occur over a given area. The extreme Purpose and Scope precipitation depth exceeds the precipitation depth associated with recurrence intervals greater than The purpose of this report is to present the 100 years. extreme precipitation depths for Texas, excluding the Storm durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days Trans-Pecos region. The climatic regions of this report were investigated for this report. The extreme pre- (fig. 1) are the same as or a combination of 2 or 3 of the cipitation depth for a particular area is estimated 10 National Weather Service (NWS) climatic regions of from an “extreme precipitation curve” (an upper Texas (Carr, 1967). Storm durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and limit or envelope curve developed from graphs of 6 days were investigated, although the extreme precipi- extreme precipitation depths for each climatic tation depths for all of these durations are not available region). The extreme precipitation curves were for each region. The extreme precipitation depth for a determined using precipitation depth-duration particular area is estimated from an “extreme precipita- information from a subset (24 “extreme” storms) of tion curve” (an upper limit or envelope curve developed 213 “notable” storms documented throughout from graphs of extreme precipitation depth versus area Texas. The extreme precipitation curves can be for each climatic region). The extreme precipitation used to estimate extreme precipitation depth for a (EP) curves were developed from data for 24 “extreme” storms selected from a data base of “notable” storms in particular area. The extreme precipitation depth Texas compiled for the study. The precipitation depths represents a limiting depth, which can provide use- for the 24 selected storms were so large that, for pur- ful comparative information for more quantitative poses of this report, they are referred to as extreme. The analyses. 24 extreme storms are identified along with 189 other notable storms in Texas (table 1 at end of report). The INTRODUCTION description and dates of occurrence for each identified The extreme precipitation depth is an estimate storm are listed in the table. The temporal distribution of of the largest precipitation depth expected to occur the notable and extreme storms by decade or period of over a given area. The extreme precipitation depth occurrence is documented (table 2 at end of report). Dis- exceeds the precipitation depth associated with recur- cussion pertinent to the documentation of storms in rence intervals greater than 100 years. In 1996, the U.S. Texas is presented in the “Extreme Precipitation Depths Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the for Texas” section.

Abstract 1 102 o 100 o

36 o High Plains

98o 96o 34 o Low Rolling Plains

North Central

106 o 32 o 104 o

Trans-Pecos East Texas

Edwards Plateau

30 o South Central Upper Coast

South EXPLANATION Texas 28 o Climatic regions of this report

Boundary of climatic regions of this report and the National Weather Service Boundary of climatic regions of the National Weather Service Lower Valley

26 o

0 50 100 150 200 MILES

Figure 1. Climatic regions of this report and of the National Weather Service, Texas.

Previous Studies and Extreme Storm Data presents the results of an investigation of extreme flood-peak discharges in Texas. In that study, the rela- Lowry (1934) classified and tabulated data for tions between large flood peaks and contributing drain- 33 storms to develop depth-area curves for durations of 3, 4, and 5 days in Texas. The analysis in Lowry is age area were used to develop upper limit or envelope similar to that presented in this report. No other analyses curves for extreme flood peaks. The analysis in this of extreme precipitation in Texas are known to have report is analogous to that presented by Asquith and been conducted. A study by Asquith and Slade (1995) Slade.

2 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region Data for this report are from past reports of docu- the extreme storms in Texas indicates that the occur- mented storms that have precipitation contour maps rence of extreme storms also is fairly evenly distributed for the storms. Texas storms have been documented in in time, with two exceptions—the 1931–40 decade publications by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with 9 extreme storms and the 1951–60 decade with 5 (Tulsa, Okla.); International Boundary and Water extreme storms. Supporting the evidence that the 1931– Commission (El Paso, Tex.); National Climatic Data 40 decade produced an unusually large number of Center (Asheville, N.C.); National Resources Conser- extreme storms is the fact that some of the resulting vation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) floods during 1931–40 are the largest documented (Temple, Tex.); NWS (Silver Spring, Md.); Office of floods for their respective locations in the past 100 or so the State Climatologist (College Station, Tex.); Texas years. Water Development Board (Austin, Tex.); USGS (Austin, Tex.); and others. Most of these publications EXTREME PRECIPITATION DEPTHS FOR used data from the NWS rain gage network, comple- TEXAS mented with bucket surveys for precipitation-depth analyses. Characteristics of many early storms in Texas The EP curves, shown in figures 2–13 at end of are unknown due to an inadequate network of rain report, were developed from a subset of 24 extreme gages. Currently (1998) in Texas, there are about 870 storms of the 213 notable storms in Texas (table 1). daily rain gages (about 1 gage for every 300 square The 24 extreme storms were grouped by climatic region miles) with at least 10 years of record. and by storm duration, and curves were developed to Bucket surveys sometimes are conducted after envelop the maximum depths of precipitation for each large rainstorms; thus, they often provide historically climatic region. EP curves were developed for each of meaningful data. Interviewers visit the area affected and the durations available for each region. The EP curves collect information from the public on rainfall catches were developed using all identified storm data through in private gages. Information also is collected on other 1996, but the curves are subject to change as larger catches in exposed containers, such as buckets, cans, depths for given areas are documented in the future. troughs, wash pots, and oil drums. The interviewers Recurrence intervals are not associated with extreme record information on both depth and storm duration. precipitation depths because recurrence intervals cannot These measurements might not be entirely accurate but be quantitatively defined. EP curves were not developed can be used with confidence when several such meas- for the Trans-Pecos region because of a lack of data. urements in the same locality are the same. The largest The mountainous topography of this region makes EP rainfall centers of many storms have been identified in curves difficult to develop because of changes in precip- this manner. For example, bucket surveys were used to itation patterns as elevation changes. determine an “unofficial” total of 38.2 inches in 1 day The data points in figures 2–13 were generated for the September 1921 storm in Thrall (about 30 miles by digitizing the areas (polygons) formed by storm- northeast of Austin). depth contour lines (from previous reports) and comput- Daily precipitation data are not necessarily tied to ing the mean depth within each area using a geographic a calendar day. A difference in observation times at rain information system. The variability in size and shape of gages can cause the same storm to appear to occur on the polygons allowed multiple storm centers, when different days. For example, a storm occurring at noon present, to be identified. The digitized areas are repre- on January 1 would be recorded as January 1 by an sented on the x-axis of the figures. Depths for hundreds observer who reads depths in the evening but as January to thousands of regularly spaced points were deter- 2 by a morning observer. Consequently, documented mined within each polygon, and the mean was com- daily durations in this report might not coincide with the puted for the points. The mean depths are represented storm dates presented. on the y-axis of the figures. (The mean depths might not The temporal distribution of the storms in table 2 necessarily be consistent with precipitation depths provides some useful insights into the occurrence and listed in table 1 because of the method used to generate documentation of notable storms in Texas. First, a the data points.) review of the distribution of the notable storms indicates The storms represented by figures 2–13 are the that the occurrence of such storms is fairly evenly dis- most extreme storms known for the selected climatic tributed in time. Second, review of the distribution of regions and durations. The accuracy of the storm-depth

EXTREME PRECIPITATION DEPTHS FOR TEXAS 3 contours decreases as area increases due to interpolation Bomar, G.W., 1979, 1978—Drought in the east, floods errors and to the lower density of data. The EP curves out west: Texas Department of Water Resources can be used to estimate the extreme precipitation depth Report LP–89, 37 p. for a particular area. The extreme precipitation depth ______1980, A review of Texas weather in 1979—The year represents a limiting depth, which can provide useful of devastating tornadoes and flash floods: Texas Depart- comparative information for more quantitative analyses. ment of Water Resources Report LP–134, 627 p. The basis for each of the EP curves of figures 2–13 fol- ______1982, 1981—A year of torrential downpours—A review of Texas weather during the year: Texas Depart- lows: ment of Water Resources Report LP–183, 96 p. ______1983a, 1980—When scorching heat gripped Texas— High Plains and Low Rolling Plains climatic region A review of Texas weather during the year: Texas (figs. 2–3) Department of Water Resources Report LP–187, 105 p. The EP curve for the 1-day storm is based on the ______1983b, 1982—When a tornado hit Paris—A review of 1-day data and on the shape of the 3-day EP curve. The Texas weather during the year: Texas Department of EP curve for the 3-day storm is based on the 3-day data. Water Resources Report LP–195, 117 p. ______1995, Texas weather: Austin, University of Texas North Central climatic region (figs. 4–5) Press, 175 p. The EP curve for the 2-day storm is based on the Breeding, S.D., 1947, Flood of September and October 1946 2-day data. The EP curve for the 4-day storm is based in San Antonio River Basin in the vicinity of San Anto- on the 4-day data and on the shape of the 2-day EP nio, Texas: Austin, Texas Board of Water Engineers, 28 p. curve. ______1948a, Flood of September 1946 at San Antonio, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 32, 19 p. Edwards Plateau climatic region (figs. 6–8) ______1948b, Texas floods of 1940: U.S. Geological Survey The EP curve for the 1-day storm is based on the Water-Supply Paper 1046, 91 p. 1-day data and on the shape of the 3-day EP curve. The ______1949, Flood of May 17, 1949, at Fort Worth, Texas: EP curve for the 3-day storm is based on the 3-day data. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 21 p. The EP curve for the 5-day storm is based on the 5-day Breeding, S.D., and Dalrymple, Tate, 1944, Texas floods of data and on the shape of the 3-day EP curve. 1938 and 1939: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 914, 116 p. South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley Breeding, S.D., and Montgomery, J.H., 1954, Floods of climatic region (figs. 9–11) September 1952 in the Colorado and Guadalupe River The EP curve for the 2-day storm is based on the Basins, Central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Supply Paper 1260–A, p. 1–47. 2-day data and the shape of the 6-day EP curve. The EP Buckner, H.D., and Kurklin, J.K., 1984, Floods in south- curve for the 4-day storm is based on a combination of central Oklahoma and north-central Texas, October the 2- and 6-day EP curves. The EP curve for the 6-day 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report storm is based on the 6-day data. 84–065, 112 p. Carr, J.E., Chase, E.B., Paulson, R.W., Moody, D.W., comps., East Texas and Upper Coast climatic region (figs. 1990, National water summary 1987—Hydrologic 12–13) events and water supply and use: U.S. Geological The EP curve for the 2-day storm is based on the Survey Water-Supply Paper 2350, 553 p. 2-day data and on the shape of the 4-day EP curve. The Carr, J.T., Jr., 1967, The climate and physiography of Texas: EP curve for the 4-day storm is based on the 4-day data. Texas Water Development Board Report 53, 27 p. Colwick, A.B., McGill, H.N., and Erichsen, F.P., 1972, SELECTED REFERENCES Severe floods at New Braunfels, Texas, May 1972: American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper Asquith, W.A., and Slade, R.M., Jr., 1995, Documented 73–206, 15 p. and potential extreme peak discharges and relation Dalrymple, Tate, and others, 1937, Major Texas floods of between potential extreme peak discharges and probable 1936: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 816, maximum flood peak discharges in Texas: U.S. Geo- 146 p. logical Survey Water-Resources Investigations ______1939, Major Texas floods of 1935: U.S. Geological Report 95–4249, 58 p. Survey Water-Supply Paper 796–G, p. 223–290.

4 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region Diniz, E.V., 1973, A hydrologic study of the floods of Massey, B.C., Reeves, W.E., and Lear, W.A., 1982, Flood of September 26–27, 1973, for several watershed areas May 24–25, 1981, in the Austin, Texas, metropolitan in and around the city of Seguin, Texas: Texas Water area: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Development Board report. Atlas 656, 2 sheets. Ellsworth, C.E., 1923, The floods in Central Texas in Septem- McDaniels, L.L., 1954, Peak discharges on Bull Creek and ber, 1921: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper tributaries, Scurry and Borden Counties, Texas, flood of 488, 56 p. April 12 to 13, 1954: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Farner & Winslow, Inc., 1978, Preliminary report on storm Report, 5 p. at The Woodlands, June 7, 1978: Houston, Farner & Mills, W.B., and Schroeder, E.E., 1969, Floods of April 28, Winslow, Inc., 12 p. 1966, in the northern part of Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geolog- Gilbert, C.R., 1963, Floods on White Rock Creek above ical Survey Water-Supply Paper 1870–B, 37 p. White Rock Lake at Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geological Moody, D.W., Carr, Jerry, Chase, E.B., and Paulson, R.W., Survey Open-File Report, 15 p. comps., 1988, National water summary 1986—Hydro- Griffiths, J.F., Zeitler, J.W., Montgomery, M.A., and Sedlar, logic events and ground-water quality: U.S. Geological L.L., 1990, Texas weather—A review of 1989: College Survey Water-Supply Paper 2325, 560 p. Station, Texas A&M University, 120 p. Moody, D.W., Chase, E.B., and Aronson, D.A., comps., 1986, Hejl, H.R., Jr., Slade, R.M., Jr., and Jennings, M.E., 1996, National water summary 1985—Hydrologic events and Floods in central Texas, December 1991: U.S. Geo- surface-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water- logical Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report Supply Paper 2300, 506 p. 95–4289, 1 sheet. Moore, W.L., Cook, Earl, Gooch, R.S., and Nordin, C.F., Jr., Hendricks, E.L., 1963a, Summary of floods in the United 1982, The Austin, Texas, flood of May 24–25, 1981: States during 1957: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 54 p. Supply Paper 1652–C, 98 p. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1981, ______1963b, Summary of floods in the United States during Storm data—October 1981: Asheville, N.C., National 1958: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Climatic Data Center, v. 23, no. 10, 46 p. 1660–B, 97 p. ______1983, Storm data—October 1983: Asheville, N.C., ______1964a, Summary of floods in the United States during National Climatic Data Center, v. 25, no. 10, 25 p. 1956: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper ______1984a, Storm data—September 1984: Asheville, 1530, 85 p. N.C., National Climatic Data Center, v. 26, no. 9, 35 p. ______1964b, Summary of floods in the United States during ______1984b Storm data—October 1984: Asheville, N.C., 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper National Climatic Data Center, v. 26, no. 10, 33 p. 1750–B, 101 p. ______1985, Storm data—October 1985: Asheville, N.C., International Boundary and Water Commission, United National Climatic Data Center, v. 27, no. 10, 40 p. States and Mexico, 1949, Rio Grande floods of 1948, El Paso: International Boundary and Water Commission ______1986, Storm data—June 1986: Asheville, N.C., report [variously paged]. National Climatic Data Center, v. 28, no. 6, 61 p. ______1954, Flow of the Rio Grande and related data: ______1987, Storm data—July 1987: Asheville, N.C., International Boundary and Water Commission Water National Climatic Data Center, v. 29, no. 7, 93 p. Bulletin 24, 102 p. ______1988, Storm data—September 1988: Asheville, N.C., ______1971, Flow of the Rio Grande and related data: National Climatic Data Center, v. 30, no. 9, 48 p. International Boundary and Water Commission Water ______1990, Disastrous floods on the Trinity, Red, and Bulletin 41, 178 p. Arkansas Rivers: Natural Disaster Survey Report ______1974, Flow of the Rio Grande and related data: [variously paged]. International Boundary and Water Commission Water ______1995, Southeast Texas tropical mid-latitude rainfall Bulletin 44, 160 p. and flood event, October 1994: Natural Disaster Survey International Boundary Commission, United States and Report, 23 p. Mexico, 1932, Special storm report—Flood of Septem- Norwine, Jim, Giardino, J.R., North, G.R., and Valdes, J.B., ber and October 1932, El Paso: International Boundary 1995, The changing climate of Texas—Predictability Commission report. and implications for the future: College Station, Texas Lambeth, B.W., 1983, Hurricane Alicia—Special report: A&M University, 48 p. Austin, Radian Corp. report, 22 p. Office of the State Climatologist, 1987, The climates of Texas Lowry, R.L., Jr., 1934, Excessive rainfall in Texas: Reclama- counties—Monograph 2: College Station, Texas A&M tion Department Bulletin 18, 149 p. University.

SELECTED REFERENCES 5 Orton, Robert, 1966, Characteristic meteorology of some Smith, R.P., 1964, Floods of April–May 1958 in Louisiana large flood-producing storms in Texas—Easterly waves, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Water- in Symposium on consideration of some aspects of Supply Paper 1660–A, 149 p. storms and floods in water planning: Texas Water Devel- Soil Conservation Service, 1953a, Special storm report— opment Board Report 33, p. 1–17. Richland Creek watershed tributary to the Trinity River, Paulson, R.W., Chase, E.B., Roberts, R.S., and Moody, D.W., Texas, May 11–15, 1953: U.S. Department of Agricul- comps., 1991, National water summary 1988–89— ture, Soil Conservation Service report, 8 p. Hydrologic events and floods and droughts: U.S. ______1953b, Special storm report—Salt, Paint, and Pecan Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2375, 591 p. Creek watershed tributaries to the Colorado River, Paulson, R.W., Chase, E.B., Williams, J.S., and Moody, D.W., Texas, July 15, 1953: U.S. Department of Agriculture, comps., 1993, National water summary 1990–91— Soil Conservation Service report, 3 p. Hydrologic events and stream water quality: U.S. Geo- ______1953c, Special storm report—Tehuacana Creek logical Survey Water-Supply Paper 2400, 590 p. watershed tributary to the Brazos River, Texas, May 11– Reid, J.K., and others, 1975, Summary of floods in the United 12, 1953: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conser- States during 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Water- vation Service report, 12 p. Supply Paper 2030, 173 p. ______1955a, Special storm report—Storm of May 17–19, Rice Center, 1980, An analysis of Houston floods: Rice 1955, Deep Creek watershed, tributary of the Middle University report [variously paged]. Colorado River, Texas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rostvedt, J.O., 1965a, Summary of floods in the United Soil Conservation Service report, 14 p. States during 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Water- ______1955b, Special storm report—Storm of May 18–19, Supply Paper 1790–B, 147 p. 1955, upper Bosque River watershed tributary of the ______1965b, Summary of floods in the United States during Brazos River, Texas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1961: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Soil Conservation Service report, 16 p. 1810, 123 p. ______1956a, Special storm report—Storm of April 29– May 1, 1956, Green Creek watershed, tributary of the Rostvedt, J.O., and others, 1968a, Summary of floods in the Brazos River, Texas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, United States during 1962: U.S. Geological Survey Soil Conservation Service report, 18 p. Water-Supply Paper 1820, 134 p. ______1956b, Special storm report—Storm of April 29– ______1968b, Summary of floods in the United States during May 1, 1956, Mukewater Creek watershed, tributary of 1963: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper the Colorado River, Texas: U.S. Department of Agricul- 1830–B, 120 p. ture, Soil Conservation Service report, 12 p. ______1970a, Summary of floods in the United States during ______1962, Special storm report—Storm of July 26–27, 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1962, Lower East Fork laterals watershed, Kaufman- 1840–C, 124 p. Van Zandt Soil Conservation District, Trinity River ______1970b, Summary of floods in the United States during watershed, Texas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil 1965: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Conservation Service report, 25 p. 1850–E, 110 p. ______1964, Special storm report—Storm of September 20– ______1971, Summary of floods in the United States during 21, 1964, East Fork above Lavon watershed, Collin and 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Grayson Counties, Texas, Trinity River watershed, 1870–D, 99 p. Texas: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conserva- ______1972, Summary of floods in the United States during tion Service report, 21 p. 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper ______1966a, Special storm report—Chambers Creek 1970–B, 73 p. watershed tributary of the Trinity River watershed, Schoner, R.W., and Molansky, S., 1956, Rainfall associated storm of April 20–May 2, 1966: U.S. Department of with hurricanes: National Hurricane Research Project Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service report. Report 3, 305 p. ______1966b, Special storm report—Gainesville, Texas, Schroeder, E.E., Grozier, R.U., Hahl, D.C., and Hulme, A.E., Pecan Creek tributary of the Elm Fork watershed of the 1974, Floods of September–October 1967 in South Trinity River watershed, storm of February 8–9, 1966: Texas and northeastern Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Water-Supply Paper 1880–B, 111 p. Service report. Schroeder, E.E., Massey, B.C., and Chin, E.H., 1987, Floods U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1972, Report on Hurricane in Central Texas, August 1–4, 1978: U.S. Geological Fern, September 7–13, 1971: U.S. Army Corps of Engi- Survey Professional Paper 1332, 39 p. neers District report, 15 p.

6 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, National water summary ______1959c, Summary of floods in the United States during 1984—Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, 1953: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper and ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey 1320–E, p. 341–364. Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 467. ______1959d, Summary of floods in the United States during Wells, J.V.B., 1954, Floods of May 1951 in western 1954: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Oklahoma and northwestern Texas: U.S. Geological 1370–C, p. 155–320. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1227–B, 199 p. ______1962, Summary of floods in the United States during 1955: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper ______1957, Summary of floods in the United States during 1455–B, p. 69–143. 1951: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper Williams, B.F., and Lowry, R.L., 1929, A study of rainfall in 1227–D, p. 279–298 Texas: State Reclamation Department Bulletin 18, ______1959a, Floods of April–June 1953 in Louisiana and 170 p. adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Yost, I.D., 1951, Flood of August 1–6, 1950, at Wichita Falls, Paper 1320–C, p. 155–320. Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 99, 18 p. ______1959b, Summary of floods in the United States during ______1963, Floods of April–June 1957 in Texas and 1952: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply 1260–F, p. 687–713. Paper 1652–B, 321 p.

SELECTED REFERENCES 7 50 Figure 2 45 Storm of September 16–17, 1936 Storm of June 15, 1938 40 Storm of June 19–20, 1939

25 Extreme precipitation curve

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 2. Extreme precipitation curve for the 1-day storm in the High Plains and Low Rolling Plains climatic region of Texas. 50

45 Storm of September 20–23, 1900 40 Storm of July 5–8, 1960 Figure 3 Storm of August 1–4, 1978 35

30 Extreme precipitation curve 25

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES IN DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 3. Extreme precipitation curve for the 3-day storm in the High Plains and Low Rolling Plains climatic region of Texas.

8 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region 50 Figure 4 Storm of September 8–10, 1921 45 Storm of April 29–May 1, 1956

35 Extreme precipitation curve

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 4. Extreme precipitation curve for the 2-day storm in the North Central climatic region of Texas.

Extreme precipitation curve 40 Figure 5 35

Storm of June 27–July 1, 1899 PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES 10 Storm of September 8–10, 1921—Note, these storm depths occurred over a 2-day duration 5 Storm of October 10–14, 1981

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 5. Extreme precipitation curve for the 4-day storm in the North Central climatic region of Texas.

Figure 4 9 50 Figure 6 45

30 Extreme precipitation curve

15 Storm of September 16–17, 1936 Storm of June 23–24, 1948 PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 GEOGRAPHIC AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 6. Extreme precipitation curve for the 1-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas.

40 Figure 7 Extreme precipitation curve 35

15 Storm of June 30–July 3, 1932 Storm of August 1–4, 1978 PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 7. Extreme precipitation curve for the 3-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas.

10 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region 50 Figure 8 45

40 Extreme precipitation curve

20 Storm of September 13–18, 1936 Storm of June 24–29, 1954 15 Storm of August 1–4, 1978— Note, these storm depths occurred over a 3-day duration

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 GEOGRAPHIC AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 8. Extreme precipitation curve for the 5-day storm in the Edwards Plateau climatic region of Texas.

50 Storm of September 8–10, 1921 45 Storm of May 31, 1935—Note, these storm depths occurred over a 1–day duration Storm of June 28–30, 1940 40 Figure 9 35

30 Extreme precipitation curve

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES IN DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 9. Extreme precipitation curve for the 2-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas.

Figure 8 11 50 Figure 10 45 Storm of June 30–July 4, 1936 Storm of September 12–16, 1951 40

Extreme precipitation curve 30

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES IN DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 10. Extreme precipitation curve for the 4-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas. 50

45 Storm of May 22–28, 1936 Storm of September 19–25, 1967 40 Figure 11 Extreme precipitation curve 35

PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 11. Extreme precipitation curve for the 6-day storm in the South Texas, South Central, and Lower Valley climatic region of Texas.

12 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region 50 Figure 12 45

40 Extreme precipitation curve 35

15 Storm of July 27–29, 1943 Storm of June 24–26, 1960

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES 10

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES

Figure 12. Extreme precipitation curve for the 2-day storm in the East Texas and Upper Coast climatic region of Texas. 50

Extreme precipitation curve 40 Figure 13 35

15 Storm of June 27–July 1, 1899 Storm of July 24–28, 1979

PRECIPITATION DEPTH, IN INCHES DEPTH, PRECIPITATION 10 Storm of October 15–19, 1994

1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 AREA, IN SQUARE MILES Figure 13. Extreme precipitation curve for the 4-day storm in the East Texas and Upper Coast climatic region of Texas.

Figure 12 13 X X X X X X X X -- -- Remarks E E 1 1 1 1 1 1 nd depth-area-duration values 1 References ntifies an extreme storm used to develop develop to storm used extreme an ntifies Corps of Engineers Ellsworth, 1923, p. 50 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ellsworth, 1923, p. 47 Army U.S. 1929; Lowry, and Williams U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Schoner 1956 and Molansky, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ------ntour map is available from ntourthe map reference; in., is inches; available E, ide Storm narrative Storm , square miles; mi, miles; ft, feet] miles; ft, miles; mi, , square 2 64 hours. Austin Lower was inundated, people and several drowned.Theof towns and BastropWebberville were inundated. in.; 12.30 Sugarland, in.; 20.08 Brenham, in.; 9.62 Temple, in.; 14.95 Hewitt, Columbia, 9.17 in.;and Brazoria, 8.68in. As many as 35 people died,damage and at $9 million. estimated was in. 33 reported Turnersville and rain, of in. 34 reported Hearne County. Coryell worst the as River Brazos the on flood the described area the in residents Long-time lifetime. their in untouched,more and than one-half of thecity was demolished. Barometricpressure measured 27.64at mmHg 7:30p.m. Sept.8. Allrain and wind gagesthe inGalveston werearea swept away. 48recorded hours. in was The greatest rain known in Austin (at least until 1921) began July 3 and lasted about about lasted and 3 July began 1921) until least (at Austin in known rain greatest The in.; 7.30 Waco, include storm the during cities Texas at reported amounts Rainfall One storm center in Robertson was County near the city of Hearne, and anotherin was left were buildings No hurricane. the in lives their lost people 6,000 as As many Storm was centered in Coleman County near the city ofColeman where 11.25 in. of rain Event Descriptions of and notable stormsextreme in Texas Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological Austin vicinity Austin Texas Central 1894, East and Central 1896, Texas Texas Central 1896, Basin Brazos River East and Central 1899, Texas Panhandle and Central Texas Central Texas 1900, 8–10, Sept. Galveston area North of parts 1900, Texas Table 1 Storm ofJuly 3, 1869, 29–MayStorm1, of Apr. Storm ofJan. 2, 29–Feb. Storm ofSept. 25–27, Storm of June 26–30, 1899, Storm of June 27–July 1, 5–8,Storm 1900, ofApr. Storm ofJuly 13–18,1900, of Hurricane” India “West Storm ofSept. 20–23, Table 1. or not applicable; X, indicates none that [--, a precipitation co Footnotes at end of table. are available from the reference; mi reference; the from available are the extreme precipitation curves; mmHg, millimeters precipitationof curves; maximum; max., a precipitation extreme mercury; XX, indicates map the contour that a Table 1.

14 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X X X X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Corps of Engineers Schoner 1956;U.S. and Molansky, Army Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ------U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrative References Remarks cane moved inland. Max. recorded rainfall was 20.7 in. at Montell in Uvalde County County Uvalde in Montell at in. 20.7 was rainfall recorded Max. inland. moved cane where 20.05 in. fellduring the 18.5-hour period 2:30 p.m. June 28 to 9:00a.m. June 29. Rainfall was moderate to heavy ahead and north of the disturbance as it moved to the the to moved it as disturbance the of north and ahead heavy to moderate was Rainfall County. Brooks in Falfurrias at in. 7.8 was rainfall recorded Max. northwest. Rainfallit inlandamounts moved southern over Texas. diminished rapidly as the dis- the to 16 Oct. afternoon the from amounts heaviest with northeast, moved turbance Cameron in Brownsville at in. 6.3 was rainfall recorded Max. 17. Oct. afternoon County. Rainfall was light to moderate along the southern Texas coast June 27–28 as the hurri- as the 27–28 June coast Texas southern the along moderate to light was Rainfall A tropical disturbance moved inland south of Brownsville during theafternoon Aug. 27. as disturbance tropical the of vicinity immediate the in heavy to moderate was Rainfall Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological south–central Texas south–central 1913, Central Texas 28, 1909, South Texas South Texas East Texas Texas coast 18, 1912, Gulf Coast Central and EastTexas 1913, south-central Texas most of Texas Storm of Oct. 18–20, 1909, Hurricane of June 27–30, Tropical storm of Aug. 27– Aug. of storm Tropical 1912, 4–7, May of Storm Storm of Aug. 8–11, 1912, Storm of Oct. 15–18, 1912, stormTropical of Oct.16– 1913, 8–13, Sept. of Storm Storm of Sept. 30–Oct. 5, Storm of June 20–30, 1902, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 15 X X X X X X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Schoner 1956 and Molansky, XX Ellsworth, 1923, p. 46–47 -- for first few days of December few were more first for ------U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ---- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks ued to be moderate to heavy in the forward quadrants of the storm as it moved moved it as storm the of quadrants forward the in heavy to moderate be to ued Augustine San at in. 19.8 was rainfall recorded Max. 18. June Texas eastern through 19. Aug. p.m. 1:00 to 16 Aug. p.m. 7:00 County Augustine San in in., Colorado River Basin; 3.53 in., Brazos River Basin; 2.98 in., Trinity River Basin; River Trinity Basin; in., 2.98 Brazos Basin; River in., 3.53 River Colorado in., and 4.05 in., SanAntonio Basin.River Theserains laid the foundation forfloods Rains time. at that known any than greater or lesscontinuous were heaviest Dec. but 2–4.Rainfall 4.78 Dec. 1–6 in., averaged Basin; in.,5.37 Brazos Basin; River Colorado River in., 3.95 Basin; River Guadalupe 5.30 in.,Trinity Basin;River and 2.94in., San AntonioBasin. River About 85 percent of the rain fell Dec. 2–4. Flooding resulted in 177 deaths,andlosses exceeded million. $8.5 Rainfall was heavy ahead and east of the hurricane as it entered Texas. Rainfall contin- Rainfall Texas. it entered as hurricane the of east and ahead heavy was Rainfall Rainfallforlast 10 days 4.21 of November averaged in., Guadalupe Basin;River 3.74 Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological South Texas Panhandle and South Texas CentralEast and Texas Texas East 1915, and south-central 1916, southern Texas CentralEast and Texas north-central Texas Texas East 1915, Edwards Plateau Edwards 1915, 1914, East Texas East 1914, Central East and Texas Storm ofAug. 5–9, 1914, StormOct. of 21–25,1914, 20–26, Storm 1915, of Apr. Hurricaneof Aug. 16–21, 2, 31–Apr. Mar. of Storm 1916, 1–3, May of Storm 5–9, 1918,Storm ofNov. Storm of June 14–17, 1919, Storm ofSept. 13–17, Storm of May 26–June 1, 1, 26–June May of Storm Storm of Dec. 1–6, 1913, 1913, 1–6, Dec. of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

16 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X X X X X X X X EXX 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 Slade, 1995 Ellsworth, 1923, p. 1–13;Asquith and Schoner 1956 and Molansky, XX Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ---- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ------U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrative References Remarks several streamflow-gaging stations. Taylor in Williamson County recorded 23.98 in. in. 23.98 recorded County Williamson in Taylor stations. streamflow-gaging several during 35 hours, with 23.11 in. during 24 hours. Bucket determined surveys that had 30some in. areasof of rain Taylor during about 15 hours. Flooding causedthe million. $10 than more of damages property in resulted and lives 224 least at loss of panied the hurricaneas westward it moved through thennorthward southern Texas, Texas- the toward northeastward finally and 15, Sept. Valley Pecos the along Oklahoma Max. Oak border. recorded in Live rainfall 12.0 was in.George at West County 7:00a.m. Sept. 14to1:00 p.m. Sept. 15. County. Matagorda in Matagorda at in. 10.0 was rainfall recorded Max. Heavy rainfall Sept. area a large over 8–10 in Central produced Texas peak discharges at The hurricane entered coast near the Corpus Texas Christi Sept. 14. Heavy rains accom- 22. June Christi Corpus and Houston between Coast Gulf the entered storm tropical The Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological south-central and eastern Texas Central Texas 1919, Texas coast 1919, Texas south-cen- and eastern tral Texas 23, 1921, East Texas Central Texas north-central Texas Central and EastTexas upper coastof Texas 1922, south-central Texas Central and EastTexas East Texas Storm of Oct. 10–11, 1919, 1921, 8–10, Sept. of Storm Hurricane of Sept. 14–15, 14–15, Sept. of Hurricane Storm of June 19–26, 1921, stormTropical of June 22– 1922, 3–5, Apr. of Storm 1922, 23–25, Apr. of Storm 1922, 24–27, Apr. of Storm 1922, 7–9, June of Storm Storm of Sept. 15–17, Storm of July 18–23, 1919, Storm 25–31,of Mar. 1922, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 17 X X X X X X X X X X X -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X U.S. Geological Survey ------U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ------U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks Sept. 6. It moved northwestward, losing its identity by morning Sept. 7. Max. Max. 7. Sept. morning by identity its losing northwestward, moved It 6. Sept. County. Cameron in Brownsville at in. 10.7 was rainfall recorded reports indicate Unofficial that as much as7.5fell in. in the area. Therains caused flooding ontheDouble Mountain Fork of the Brazos near River Aspermont. A weak tropical coastnear disturbance during Brownsville the night enteredthe Texas Heavy rain fell on a small area aroundPost. Rainfall was 6.75in. at Post Oct.15. Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological East Texas East Texas of coast upper Texas South 1925, 7, Central East and Texas South and EastTexas River Brazos upper andBasin Post in vicinity Central East and Texas 1928, South Texas Texas East South Texas south-central and East Texas Central Texas East Texas East Storm of May 29–31, 1924, Storm of June 20–23, 1924, 6– Sept. of storm Tropical 3–7, 1925,Storm ofNov. 20–24, Storm 1926, of Apr. 1926, 15, Oct. of Storm Storm ofOct. 1–2, 1927, Storm ofSept. 21–23, 8–10,Storm 1929, of Nov. Storm of June 26–29, 1931, Storm ofJan. 3–6,1932, StormOct. of 12–17,1925, Storm ofDec. 20–22,1923, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

18 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X XX EX 1 ; U.S. Army 2 2 1 1 Corps of Engineers Asquith and Slade, 1995 Asquith and Slade, 1995 Corps of Engineers Schoner 1956;U.S. and Molansky, Army Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X International Boundary Commission, 1932; 1932; Commission, Boundary International Dalrymple and others, 1937, p. 119–123; 119–123; p. 1937, others, and Dalrymple Dalrymple and others, 1939, p. 232–236 p. 1939, others, and Dalrymple E X Frio River were the highest known at that that at known highest the were River Frio -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrative References Remarks watershed. Four children and one woman drowned. Damage to railroad and and railroad to Damage drowned. woman one and children Four watershed. 2 May31 caused the creekrapidly to rise and reach thehistorically highest stage for D’Hanis.There were no rainfall gages in the basin duringthe storm,receptacles and Bucket surveys away. were or ordinarilywashed measuring for ran used rainfall over other at fell in. 12–14 that and area, small a over fell rain of in. 22–24 that estimated entire the on in. fell 9 than of more amount An average or less. hours 3 during points 80-mi a cold front during the night July 23. The max. storm rainfall of 21.3 in. was recorded recorded was in. 21.3 of rainfall storm max. The 23. July night the during front cold a at Logansport, La., 7:00 a.m. July 22 to 7:00 a.m. July 25. night Sept.Rainfallimmediately 4. heavy was ahead and east of thehurricane as it 5. Sept. morning early 4 and Sept. night the during Texas southern over inland moved County. Hidalgo in Mercedes at in. 15.0 was rainfall storm recorded Max. Carlsbad, endat of the the basin. startinglower first The rain producedpeaklarge atstreamflow-gaging rainfall was stations.discharges excessive at several The first Muzquiz, Coahuila, Mexico, Aug. Aug.2726, and 29. andFort at Davis, Tex., caused rainfall heavy The 1. Sept. in. 6.08 and 31 Aug. in. 7.66 recorded Sonora floods of unprecedentedsize. Inthe United States,flooding killed nine, and damages million. $1 at were estimated duced historically significant peakstreamflow-gaging discharges stations. at several June Kerrville, of west Basin, River Guadalupe upper the on fell rain heavy A very 30–July 2. This rain amountedto more than 35 in. during about36 hours at the State and Frio the in recorded was also rainfall Heavy Ingram. above Hatchery Fish Medina and Lima, Bandera, at measured was in. 14 of Rainfall Basins. River Medina mea- River, Medina the of headwaters the at Vanderpool, Basin. River Medina the in the in floods The 1–2. July in. 33.5 sured County, Real in Frio Rio at was Basin River Frio the on rainfall heaviest The time. where 24 in.was recorded July 1–2. Flash floods were responsibledeaths, for seven million. $0.5 exceeded losses property and highwayswas estimated $48,500. at A heavy rainfall theSecoover Creek drainage basin D’Hanisin above early morning A weak tropical disturbance moved inland over the Texas coast and then interacted with with interacted then and coast Texas the over inland moved disturbance tropical A weak the during coast Texas southern the struck and Gulf the across moved hurricane The A very heavy, general storm covered mostA very of heavy, theRioGrande Basin El below Paso and Heavy rainsJune30–July on3 parts ofthe Nueces and Guadalupe Basins River pro- Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological Seco Creek Basin in Basin in Creek Seco County Medina 1932, most ofTexas 27, 1933, East Texas 1933, SouthTexas 1932,water- Pecos River Carlsbad, shed below N.Mex., and Rio Grande Paso El below watershed 1932, Central Texas 1932, Central Texas Storm of May 31, 1935, 31, 1935, May of Storm Storm of Aug. 30–Sept. 5, stormTropical of July22– Hurricane of Sept.4–6, Storm of Aug. 26–Sept. 8, Storm of June 30–July 3, 30–July June of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 19 X X EXX EX EXX EX 1 1 1 ; U.S. Army 2 2 1 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1995 Slade, and Asquith Schoner 1956 and Molansky, Asquith and Slade, 1995 Slade, and Asquith Corps of Engineers Dalrymple and others, 1937, p. 52–68p. 1937, others, and Dalrymple X Dalrymple and others, 1939,p.276–280; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Dalrymple and others, 1937,p.21–41; Dalrymple and others, 1937,p.52–67; Dalrymple and others, 1939,p.236–240; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of more than 10 in. was recorded in the the in recorded was than in. 10 of more os River Basin. Max. recorded rainfall rainfall recorded Max. Basin. River os ling County. Broome recorded 23.5 in. dur- in. 23.5 recorded Broome County. ling vettinMenard more than County, 10 in. of Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks fella wide on area of theextreme upperBraz was 9.39 Lubbockwas in. recorded at Tahoka. 8.32in. Bayous. Houston reported 5.52 in.,and Satsuma in northwesternHarris County people eight and million, $2.5 at estimated was damage Property in. 16.49 reported drowned in the flooding. County. Fayette in Grange La at in. 14.9 was Neches River Basin at Rockland in Tyler County. The recorded was rainfall heaviest County. Basin Nechesat Rockland inRiver Tyler on central Guadalupe Basin. Max. River recorded storm rainfall was 21.0 in. at Bebe in Gonzales County 1:00 a.m. June 30 to 1:00 p.m. July 1. floodingSevere on central Basin Guadalupe caused26 deathsRiver and estimated property damages of more million. $2 than Colorado,andBasins. Neches River The rains produced large peak dischargesat at recorded was in., 17 to amounting rain, Heavy stations. streamflow-gaging several Basin. Rainfall Rio in the Grande Pass Eagle Sept. Creeks 14–15. reached the Sandy highest and Walnut stagesat the known time. Rainfallexceeded 30 in. Sept. 13–18some at locations inalargepart of the Concho McKa of Fort In the vicinity Basin. River Fort of south mi 10 about Draw, Terrett of headwaters At the 13–16. Sept. fell rain McKavett,21–25 in. fell noon Sept. 15tonoon Sept. 16.heavy A veryrain of 8–30 River Llano North the on fell location, one at hours 2.5 about during in. 14 with in., in Broome at recorded was in. 30.0 of rainfall storm max. The 13–16. Sept. Basin Sterling County1:00 a.m. Sept.15 to 7:00 p.m. Sept.Green 17. San Angelo in Tom Countyhad damage—aboutextensive 300 buildings were washed away. greater thanany known before. experienced Nueces Rivers The Llano and West extraordinary floods. Thererain were gages official few in the area, unofficial but records werecompiled fromsources.many Heavy rains of 4–12 in. fellduring 24 hours. Flooding caused damagesof $20 million. No loss of lifereported. was ingthe 18-hour period 9:00 p.m.Sept. 16 to 3:00 p.m.Sept. 17. A max. depth of 7.65 in. was recorded on a small area around Weatherford. Rains also also Rains Weatherford. around area small a on recorded was in. 7.65 of depth max. A Torrential rains in Harris County Dec. 6–8andWhiteoak caused large risesTorrential in Buffalo rainfall storm recorded Max. Coast. Gulf the on 22 May a.m. 7:00 at began storm The Rainfell June 30–July 4 on parts of theRio Grande Basin and the Nueces, Guadalupe, Thestorm was Broome centeredin over Ster County Burnet in Falls Marble of west area small relatively a on fell in. 6–10 of Rain Heavy rains over the rainsHeavy Colorado over andNueces drainage River basins caused flooding Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 1936, most of Texas Texas of most 1936, Harris County Harris south-central and east- Texas ern 1936, Texas Texas 1936, County Sterling 1936, River Colorado 1936, Basin Central Texas Storm ofSept. 19–24, Storm of Dec. 6–8, 1935, 1935, 6–8, Dec. of Storm Storm of May 22–28, 1936, Storm of June 30–July 4, Storm ofSept. 16–17, Storm ofSept. 13–18, Storm of June 9–15, 1935, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

20 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X EX EX 1 2 1 Asquith and Slade, 1995 of Engineers of Breeding and Dalrymple, 1944, p. 18–21; Schoner 1956 and Molansky, X Breeding and Dalrymple, 1944, p. 6–9 X Breeding and Dalrymple, 1944, p. 23–38 X Dalrymple and others,1937, 52–67 p. X Breeding, 1948b, p. 1–7; U.S. Army Corps Breeding and Dalrymple, 1944, p. 104–105 E X near in Snyder 2 -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrative References Remarks flooding greaterthan any known before occurred. Max. recorded rainfall14 was in. 9:00 to 11:30 p.m. June 15. Floodingdeaths resulted and thousands in five of dollars in damages. morning of Aug. 28. Max. recorded rainfall was 6.5 in. at Sarita in Kenedy County. Kenedy in Sarita at in. 6.5 was rainfall recorded Max. 28. Aug. of morning greater than any known occurred on the Sulphur River. Large but not record-breaking but Large greater occurredknown than the on any SulphurRiver. floods also occurredon Cypress Damages Creek the were and upper Sabine River. estimated at $47,650. Concho River, and BradyConcho Creek watersheds. River, Max.recorded rainfallin.was 13 July 23 at two places, 8 and 10mi north of EldoradoinSchleicher Eldorado County. recorded 30 in.July 16–25. About 70 locationshad 20 in. or more. Partsof 12 coun- losses crop and property and drowned, reported were people six inundated, were ties million. $5 at were estimated of 6–15 in. fell on a relatively small area of the Brazos River watershed upstream of of upstream watershed River Brazos the of area small relatively a on fell in. 6–15 of in. 6–10 of Rain County. Hill in Hillsboro at fell in., 15 amount, greatest The Waco. in Burnet and Falls Marble between Basin River Colorado the of area small a on fell Burnet The rainCounty. caused Hamilton Creek to rise higher than at any other time since 1884. June 29–30, with 17.5 in. 8:00 p.m. June 29 to 8:00 a.m. June 30. The heaviest 2-day 2-day heaviest The 30. June a.m. 8:00 to 29 June p.m. 8:00 in. 17.5 with 29–30, June p.m. 7:00 in. 16 with 29–30, June in. 20.40 was County Bastrop in Smithville at rain June29 to 10:00a.m. June 30.This record rainfallcaused destructivefloods along partslower of theColorado and Guadalupe and along Rivers upperparts of the people and itscreek River drowned on theLavaca tributaries.Colorado Two River, atHallettsville. River were lost Propertythe onlives Lavaca crop and and seven million. $1 than more at estimated were losses Scurry County. The resulting flood on the Colorado River and its tributaries caused caused its tributaries and River Colorado the on flood resulting The County. Scurry one death and damages estimated$350,000. at Rainfall of 4–19 in. fell during 4–10 hours on an area of about 1,000 mi The rains produced peak discharges at Lake Creek Basin inwhere Donley County, The tropical disturbance entered the Gulf Coast about 200 mi south of Brownsville the the Brownsville of south mi 200 about Coast Gulf the entered disturbance tropical The A max. recorded depth of 10.73 in. of rain fell at Naples in Morris County. Floods Floods County. Morris in Naples at fell rain of in. 10.73 of depth recorded max. A Floods were caused heavyrains by that centered South the over San SabaRiver, The most intense rain was 15 in. near Kaufman in the Trinity River Basin. A heavy rain rain A heavy Basin. River Trinity in the Kaufman near in. 15 was rain intense most The Max. recorded rainfall at EngleinFayette County 22.7 was in. during the 2-dayperiod Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological Snyder in Scurry and and in Scurry Snyder counties adjacent Panhandle 29, 1938, South Texas East Texas East Texas middle Colorado River Colorado middle River Basin 1936, most of Texas 1936, most ofTexas south-central Texas south-central Storm of June 19–20, 1939, Storm of June 15, 1938, 1938, 15, June of Storm Tropical storm of Aug. 27– Aug. of storm Tropical Storm 8–10, of Nov. 1937, Storm of Jan. 20–25, 1938, Storm of July 16–25, 1938, Storm of Sept. 25–28, Storm of June 28–30, 1940, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 21 X X X X -- -- EXX 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 Corps of Engineers Corps of Engineers Schoner 1956 and Molansky, 1995 Slade, and Asquith 1963; Gilbert, X Schoner 1956 and Molansky, U.S. Geological Survey X Schoner 1956; and U.S. Molansky, Army Breeding, 1948b, p. 62–69; U.S. Army Army U.S. 62–69; p. 1948b, Breeding, nding June 8. Unofficial rainfall reports rainfall Unofficial 8. June nding -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks light asthe moderate the disturbance began over showers inland; moved however, Texas to south-central westward spread and 16 Sept. Texas southeastern of coast County. Karnes in City Karnes at in. 10.2 was rainfall recorded Max. 17. Sept. Therains produced historically significant peakdischarges streamflow- at several not did watershed the to adjacent stations rainfall official Although stations. gaging extraordinaryreceive rainfall, there werereports unofficial of asmuch as 12 in. on to prior area the in activity thunderstorm general of days Two watershed. upper the this storm contributed to a higher-than-normal rate of flood runoff. 30. Max. Aug. evening by Texas of southern regions highland in the dissipated and recorded rainfall9.3 was in in. RefugioWoodsboro at County. passedGalveston Houston over Bay, shortly after midnight, and continued on toward in. 23.0 was rainfall storm recorded Max. intensity. in decrease a rapid with Navasota 29. July a.m. 1:00 to 27 July p.m. 1:00 County Liberty in Devers at stages known at that time for the Sabine River. Kaufman in Kaufman County County in Kaufman Kaufman River. for the time Sabine that at known stages thee for week rainfall of in. 9.18 reported from GrandZandt SalineCounty in indicated Van more than 13 in. of rainfall June 6. million. $1.1 at estimated was damage Total Montgomery Nov. 21–25, with 14 in. 2:00 p.m. Nov. 23 to 2:00 p.m. Nov. 24. 24. Nov. p.m. 2:00 to 23 Nov. p.m. 2:00 in. 14 with 21–25, Nov. Montgomery Shepherd in San Jacinto County recorded 21–25, 19.68 with in. 16 Nov. in. 2:00 p.m. and greatly, damaged were railways and Highways 24. Nov. p.m. 2:00 to 23 Nov. livestock worth many thousands of dollars drowned. Theweak tropical disturbance during thenight entered Texas Sept. 14. Rainfallwas According to long-timeresidents, area the this was greatestflood since at least 1886. Thehurricane inland moved the over Matagorda Bayarea during themorning Aug.30 Thehurricane entered the GalvestonBay areaabout noon Julyinland 27, moved over Heavy rains that fellthe on upper Sabine watershedRiver Junecaused 6 the highest The heaviest rainfall recorded in the San Jacinto River Basin was 17.46 in. at at in. 17.46 was Basin River Jacinto San the in recorded rainfall heaviest The Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 17, 1941, upper coast White Rock Creek in Dallas 1942, South Texas 1943, upper coast East and Central 1944, Texas north-central Texas River Sabine upper watershed north-central Texas north-central Texas areas in and adjacent to River Jacinto San the Basin Tropical storm of Sept. 15– Sept. of storm Tropical 19–20, Storm 1942, of Apr. Hurricaneof Aug. 28–30, Hurricaneof July 27–29, 29–MayStorm4, of Apr. Storm of Apr. 5–30, 1942, 1942, 5–30, Apr. of Storm 1943, 6–7, June of Storm Storm 17–22,of Feb. 1944, Storm of Nov. 21–26,1940, Storm of Nov. Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

22 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X XX X -- -- EX 1 1 3 1 1 Commission, 1949, p. 52–56 p. 1949, Commission, Commission, 1949, p. 4–18 p. 1949, Commission, Corps of Engineers of Engineers of International Boundary and Water Water and Boundary International U.S. Geological Survey Water and Boundary International Schoner 1956;U.S. and Molansky, Army Breeding, 1947, 1948a; U.S. Army Corps -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Storm narrative References Remarks area, with 6.61 in. recorded 8:00 p.m. Sept. 26 to 4:00 a.m. Sept. 27. 27. Sept. a.m. to 4:00 26 Sept. p.m. 8:00 recorded in. 6.61 with area, 2 early morningJuly 4. The stormwas localized and San centered Felipe over Creek max. The Juno. of vicinity the in River Devils the over and Rio Del of northeast Rio. Del of east mi 8 about can a garbage in measured was in. 10 of rainfall recorded Flood damagewas estimated $325,500. at greatest amountwas recorded at Kingston and Farm, about 2.7mi west of Toyahvale, at Ranch, Kountze The about storm 6 mi centered southeastinoftheToyahvale. immediate vicinityof Phantom Lake Spring, A about 3.5mi southwest Toyahvale. of band of extremely heavy rainfall about 8 mi wide extended southeast about 12–14 mi and northwest10–12 mi. The stormcaused damages estimatedat$52,000. southern San Antoniosouth and southeast aboutmi. 20 More thanin. 16 of rainfell 110-mi this on ies lying immediately to theeast June 23–24.Therainfall began during themorning morning early rainfall intense most the with day, next the into continued and 23 June June24. The storm had threeseparate storm centers,each receiving 24 in.ormore million. $3.6 at estimated was damage flood Total hours. 24 less than in rain movement of the tropical disturbance produced heavy rainfall. Max. recorded storm storm recorded Max. rainfall. heavy produced disturbance tropical the of movement Aug. p.m. 1:00 26 to Aug. a.m. 7:00 County in Harris Hockley at in. 19.6 was rainfall 29. San Antonio Municipal Airport recorded 6.93 in., with 6.61 in. 8:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. a.m. to 4:00 p.m. 8:00 in. 6.61 with in., 6.93 recorded Airport Municipal Antonio San prop- much and lives of several loss the in resulted storm the by spawned flood The ertydamage around San Antonio. Scattered rain fellJuly 1–3 on the Rio Grande watershed with heavy rain beginning Rainfall for a 48-hour period beginning about 10:00 a.m. July 1 was 2.5–13.1 in. The The in. 2.5–13.1 1 was July a.m. 10:00 about beginning period 48-hour a for Rainfall rainfallHeavy was recorded for the 2-day period. The center of the storm extended from Intensestorms werecentered along the divide between and the the River Devils tributar- The tropical disturbance produced heavy rainscoast. Theon the extremely Texas slow Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological Rio Grande watershed Grande Rio 1945, north-central Texas CountyReeves 1946, San Antonio Va l Verde , Kinney, Rio in Counties Edwards and watershed Grande 29, 1945, Texas 29, 1945, Texas coastline north-central Texas Storm of July 1–4, 1948, Storm of2,28–Apr. Mar. Storm of July 1–3, 1945, Storm of Sept. 26–27, Storm of June 23–24, 1948, Tropical storm of Aug. 26– Aug. of storm Tropical Storm of Feb. 26–28, 1945, 1945, 26–28, Feb. of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 23 X X X X EX 1 1 1 1 Commission, 1949, p. 65–71 Engineers Breeding, 1949Schoner 1956 and Molansky, 1951Yost, X X 1954Wells, X X International Boundary and Water Wells, 1957, p. 288;Wells, U.S. ArmyCorps of , including all of Texas south of of south Texas of all including , 2 -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . From 7:00 to 10:00 a.m. Sept. 13, 7.65 in. was ° Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks and east of longitude 99 longitude of east and ° southeast of Fort Worth. Ten lives were lost, and damages were $15 million in Fort Fort in million $15 were damages and lost, were lives Ten Worth. Fort of southeast and vicinity. Worth coast aheadheavy alongwas east and the Texas-Louisiana of the hurricane as it moved inland. Rainfall amounts and intensities decreased rapidly as the disturbance passedthrough thearea and weakened. Max. recordedrainfall 11.3 was in. at Beaumont County. in Jefferson to 6:00 a.m. Southwest of Wichita Falls, 4–10 in. were recorded. Max. recorded rain- recorded Max. recorded. were in. 4–10 Falls, of Wichita Southwest a.m. 6:00 to fall9.75 was in. during 24 hours 6.5mi southeast of Dundee. Damagein Wichita million. $1 at estimated was Falls in western Palo Duro Creek Oklahoma Basin,and In a Texas, northwestern Texas. Fork northwest Red River tributary of Hereford,ofPrairie hadTown Dog 11 in. of persons ofAmarillo. east Five max.rain.recordedat The in. Conway, 15 rainfall was million. $2 exceeded damage estimated and waters, flood in lives their lost Mexican tributary streams that flow into the lower Rio Grande. Scattered rainfall of of rainfall Scattered Grande. Rio lower the into flow that streams tributary Mexican as muchas8was recorded in. for the basin ZapataDel Rio.and above below The the of end the until continuous less or more was and 8 Sept. noon about began storm stormSept. 11.The heaviest and mostconcentrated rainfall wasrainfall at gages on theU.S. side of the Rio Grande 9:00 a.m. to 4:00flood p.m.Sept. damage 10.Total million. at $5.68 estimated was measured. Floods caused an estimated $1.5 million in damages,and 1,300 people were evacuated. latitude 29 latitude Max. recorded rainfall was 12 in. on Village Creek in the West Fork Trinity River Basin Basin River Trinity Fork West in the Creek on Village 12 in. was rainfall recorded Max. coast nearThehurricane Freeport during enteredthe night the Texas Oct. 3. Rainfall mi 26,000 than greater area an on fell in. 5–21 of Rain Heavy rainfall began about 1:00 a.m. Aug. 1. Reports indicate the heaviest rain fell 1:00 1:00 fell rain heaviest the indicate Reports 1. Aug. a.m. 1:00 about began rainfall Heavy Heavy thunderstorms May 13–19 produced floods of unusual magnitude on a wide area Rain fell on the entire lower Rio Grande Valley below Eagle Pass and on on of the and most Eagle Pass below Valley Rio Grande lower fell the Rain on entire Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological north-central Texas Fort Worth Fort Texas East 1949, Plain Coastal 1951, north-central Texas Falls Wichita Texas northwestern Edwards Plateau Hidalgo and Cameron Cameron and Hidalgo Counties in Rio Grande watershed Storm of May 16–17, 1949, Storm of May 17, 1949, 3–4, Oct. of Hurricane Storm ofSept. 12–16, Storm of June 13–14, 1949, Storm ofAug. 1, 1950, Storm of May 13–19, 1951, Storm of May 15, 1951, Storm ofSept. 8–11, 1948, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

24 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X 1 Orton, 1966, p. 1–17 p. 1966, Orton, Soil Conservation Service, 1953a Service, Conservation Soil X Soil Conservation Service, 1953c Service, Conservation Soil X Wells, 1959c,341–364 p. Wells, -- Wells, 1959b, p. 699Wells, -- Wells, 1959a,167–169 p. Wells, X Soil Conservation Service, 1953b Service, Conservation Soil X Breeding and Montgomery, 1954, p. 2–11; -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers area that area100-mi-wide formed a belt extending 2 the watershed exceeded $1 million. exceeded watershed the Storm narrative References Remarks area near Edith in Coke County. Max. recorded rainfall was was rainfall recorded Max. County. Coke in Edith near area 2 Penelope. About 14 in. was recorded for the 5-day period in the vicinity of these these of vicinity the in period 5-day the for recorded was in. 14 About Penelope. 11–12. May rainfall the of percent 70 about with towns, rainfall for the 2-day period, 9.30 in., was recordedabout 4south mi of Leroyin damage to Total McLennan County. in. of rain was reported. rain of in. a.m. to 5:00 p.m. May 23. Max. recorded rainfall was 20 in. 5.5 mi east of De Leon in Comanche County. the last few days of April and continued until May 20. At Bon Wier on the Sabine Sabine on the 20. At Bon Wier May until of continued and days April few the last in. 20.44 totaled Rainfall 29. Apr. 8 in. with in., 11.05 totaled rainfall April River, May1–19; 8.65in. May 18; and15.6 in. duringthe 7-day period May 13–19. Flood million. $2.7 about was basins two the in damage 5 in.5 Damage was estimated $32,000. at There no loss of life. was from Corpus Christinorthwestward for 250 mi. Storm totals of 20–26 in. were con- County Blanco in Hye Counties. Kendall and Blanco in area small a in centrated Floods period. 24-hour one during in. 20.70 with hours, 48 during in. 23.55 recorded damages. in million $17 estimated an caused and people five killed Thestorm a 75-mi covered The heaviest rainfall fell on southwestern Hill County near Hubbard, Malone, and and Malone, Hubbard, near County Hill southwestern on fell rainfall heaviest The Rainfall on Bull Creek in Borden Countyas was much 10–13. as 5.1 in. Apr. McDaniels, 1954, p. 1–2 -- Rainfall began about 4:00 p.m. May 11 and continued forabout 24 hours. The greatest Two to 26 in. of rain fell on 25,000-mi on a fell rain of in. to 26 Two Aug.On 19,asmuch whereflashaoccurred flood as 10 on the upperColorado River, Heavy rainsfell in eastern Comanche,central Erath, and western HoodCounties 8:00 Major flooding resulted from heavy rains in the Sabine and Neches Basins River during Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological Coke County in Salt, Salt, in County Coke andPaint, PecanCreek watersheds Hill County in Richland Richland in County Hill Creek watershed Bull Creek Basin in in Basin Creek Bull Borden County south-central Texas Texas south-central McLennan County on on County McLennan Creek Tehuacana watershed Guadalupe and lower Basins River Colorado upper Colorado River Basin nearRobert Lee Ballinger and north-central Texas 1953, Sabine and Neches Basins River Storm of July 15, 1953, 1953, 15, July of Storm Storm of May 11–15, 1953, Storm of Apr. 10–13, 1954, 1954, 10–13, Apr. of Storm Storm of Sept. 9–11, 1952, 1952, 9–11, Sept. of Storm Storm of May 11–12, 1953, Storm of Sept. 9–11, 1952, 1952, 9–11, Sept. of Storm Storm of Aug. 19, 1953, Storm of May 23, 1952, 23, 1952, May of Storm Storms 27–May20, of Apr. Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 25 -- EX 2 1 Slade, 1995 Commission, 1954, p. 56–57; Wells, 1959d, p. 228–229; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Soil Conservation Service, 1955a Service, Conservation Soil 1955b Service, Conservation Soil X 1962, p. 123–127Wells, X 1962, p. 127–129Wells, X 1962, p. 129–131;Wells, Asquith and 1956b Service, Conservation Soil X E X International Boundary and Water s. The storm was widespread,storm small areas Thes. was but Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks hours. A gage in the upper end of the watershed recorded 8.3 in. during 2.5 hours and storm. the during rain of in. 10.09 recorded gage This minutes. 30 during in. 3.1 Therewas no loss of life. Damagewas estimated at $160,000. of Stephenville in the Green Creek watershed recorded 2.00during in. one 30-minute period.indicated Bucket surveys that higher intensitieswere near thecenter ofthe esti- was Damage Lingleville. of east mi 5 in. 12.0 was rainfall recorded Max. storm. mated at $680,000. A 10-in. Basin. River Devils eastern and Basins River Llano South and Nueces the west and of Brackettville northeast River Nueces West the on occurred center rainfall of Laguna.A 15-in. centeroccurred on the north DryRiver Devilsof Carta Valley and west of Rocksprings. A 24-in.center occurredthe on near Nueces the River mouth of Hackberry Creek southeast of Rocksprings. Most of the rain fell during the 24. Sept. morning and 23 Sept. night in. 15 was recorded rainfall heaviest The in. of 10–15 depths with rainfall heavy had west of Justiceburg. Basins, or SaltDraw thegreatest where amounts River Delaware of rain caused area most the conducted in were surveys bucket No Oct. 2. record-breaking floods affected. greatly fall9.22 was in. about 7 mi southeastof Mercury in McCulloch A depth of County. 0.80 recorded in. was for one 5-minute period.no loss Thereoflife was the from storm. the by caused was damage $14,580 estimated An storm. recorded was on the Pecos River below Sheffield and its tributary, Howards Creek. Creek. Howards its tributary, and Sheffield below River Pecos the on was recorded of Ozona town of the part large a River), Devils the of tributary (a Draw Johnson On was rain of in. 34 as much As drowned. people several and flooded, badly was observed at centers two 2240 and mi north Uncounted werelost ofin Langtry. lives thefloodwaters, particularlyPiedras at Mexico, opposite Negras, Eagle Pass, Tex. Rainfall began about 8:00 a.m. Apr. 29 and continued, with varying intensity, for 30 for 30 intensity, varying with continued, and 29 Apr. a.m. 8:00 about began Rainfall Rainfall began about 7:30 p.m. May 18 and continued for 5.5 hours. A gage 9 mi west west mi 9 gage A hours. 5.5 for continued and 18 May p.m. 7:30 about began Rainfall Raininlarge amounts and of intensity severe fell Sept. 23–25 on extreme upper ends of hour 24 than less in fell rain the of Most in the are records available no and rainfall is of the area poor, coverage rain-gage The Rainfall began about 7:00 p.m. May 17 and continued for 30 hours. Max. recorded rain- recorded Max. hours. 30 for continued and 17 May p.m. 7:00 about began Rainfall Hurricane Alice moved inland from the Gulf of Mexico June 24. The heaviest rainfall rainfall heaviest The 24. June Mexico of Gulf the from inland moved Alice Hurricane Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 1956, Coleman and and Coleman 1956, in Counties Brown CreekMukewater watershed ErathCounty in upper watershed Bosque River Verde, Val 1955, Kinney, Real, Edwards, andCounties Uvalde 1955, upper Brazos Basin River Oct. 2–4, 1955, Pecos Basin River McCulloch County in County McCulloch Deep Creek watershed 29, 1954, Crockett and Val Verde Counties Grande Rio Basin lower in Storm of Apr. 29–MayStorm1, of Apr. Storm of May 18–19, 1955, Storm ofSept. 23–25, Storm ofSept. 24–25, and 22–27, Sept. of Storms Storm of May 17–19, 1955, Tropical storm of June 24– June of storm Tropical Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

26 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X 2 Slade, 1995 Hendricks, 1963b, p. 52–53; Asquithand Smith, 1964, p. 4–7 p. 1964, Smith, X Hendricks, 1963b, p. 13–14 X Hendricks, 1963a, p. 85 X Yost, 1963, p. 5–9Yost, X Hendricks, 1964a, p. 26–28 -- Soil Conservation Service, 1956a Service, Conservation Soil X n Gabriel Rivers. In the Colorado River Colorado River the In Rivers. n Gabriel Storm narrative References Remarks ers and on certain tributaries to the Colorado River above Lake Travis producederspeakand onTravis certain Lake above tributaries to the ColoradoRiver streamflow-gaging discharges stations. at several The heaviest rainfall amounts reportedthere unofficial reports were werea few of 6–10in.; 16–20 in. however, Tex., eastward to the Mississippi River. U.S. Weather Bureau that records show U.S. Weather eastward to the Mississippi River. Tex., the greatest amount during ofthe rainfall 3-day in period Texas was 10.02 in.at Daingerfield in Morris County and 8.31 in.at Linden in Cass County. South Texas. In the Basin, Brazos River asSouth much Texas. as 6 in. of rain caused flash flooding on Brushy Creek and theLampasas Sa and Basin, flooding generally was confined to the narrow part of the basin downstream of from Basin downstream occurred also in flooding Austin. Major Guadalupe the River the was onlycity Braunfels.inthe New Victoria Guadalupe watershed to experience any serious flooding. About 26 blocks of thecity were floodedrequiring the evacua- tion of about 350 people. In theNueces watershed, flash flooding occurredinthe upper basin. Major floodingandoccurred its on tributaries the Nueces below River Cotulla in LaSalle Flooding County. from the storm caused two deaths on the $1 million. exceeding damages and River Guadalupe flooding primarilyon streams inthe upper Colorado BasinRiver upstream of Bureautheobservers in area reported than more 8 in. U.S. Weather Several Winchell. during the storm. RobertLee, near the center area, of the affected recorded 8.4in. 13. Oct. a.m. 6:00 ending hours 24 the during exceeded that normally recorded for a 12-month period. These rains effectively broke broke normally that exceeded recorded for a 12-month These rains period. effectively drought. 1950s infamous the Erath Countynortheast 3 mi of Stephenville, 11.57 in.measured was duringthe of in. 8 as much As 30. Apr. minutes 45 during in. 3 of intensity max. a with period, 30. Apr. hours 2.5 during area that in reported was rain 3-hour period,with 2.13 in. during one 30-minute period.There no was loss oflife. $80,000. at estimated was Damage Flooding Basin on in the the River Devils headwaters of the Nueces and Guadalupe Riv- The storm covered an east-west belt about 50-mi wide extending from Mt. Pleasant, from Mt. Pleasant, extending wide 50-mi about belt an east-west storm covered The Heavy rains Feb. 20–22Heavy rainsFeb. caused major floodingsmall on many streams in Central and Heavy showers and thunderstorms Oct. 12–15 in west-central Texas caused excessive causedexcessive and thunderstorms showers Oct.Heavy 12–15 in west-central Texas Total rainfall on much of the eastern two-thirds of Texas for the 3-month period period 3-month the for Texas of two-thirds eastern the of much on rainfall Total Max. recorded precipitation was14.54 in. on the upper North Bosque River Basin. In In Basin. River Bosque North upper the on in. was14.54 precipitation recorded Max. Max. rainfall measured was 14.54 in. Max. intensity recorded was 5.82 in. during a a during in. 5.82 was recorded intensity Max. in. 14.54 was measured rainfall Max. Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 18, 1958, southwest Texas Texas and Louisiana and Texas south-central Texas south-central west-central Texas west-central Texas Texas and adjacent states Texas 1956, Brazosand Basins River Colorado 1956, Erath County in Green Creek watershed Tropical stormTropical of June 16– Storm of Apr. 24–27, 1958, 1958, 24–27, Apr. of Storm Storm of Feb. 20–22, 1958, 1958, 20–22, Feb. of Storm Storm of Oct. 12–15, 1957, Storm of Apr.–June 1957 Storm of Apr. 30–May 3, 3, 30–May Apr. of Storm Storm of Apr. 29–May 1, 1, 29–May Apr. of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 27 X X EX 3 3 2 Slade, 1995 U.S. Geological Survey Rostvedt,1965a, p. 131–137 X Hendricks, 1964b, p. 41–42Hendricks, 1964b, p. 70–74;Asquith and X Rostvedt,1965a, p. 92–95U.S. Geological Survey E X fall Oct. 16. High-intensity rains Oct. 16– Oct. rains High-intensity 16. Oct. fall Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks . Rainfall totals of more than 30 in. were recorded at Port Lavaca Lavaca Port at were recorded in. 30 than more of totals Rainfall . 2 TheAmarillo Municipal Airportrecorded 6.15 in. duringhours 24 June 9–10. area. disaster a declared was County Hall flooding, heavy of Because 20,000 mi caused flash floodsmany on small streams. Depths of as much as 19 in. were rain of Refugioreported. 13.38 in. recorded again began Rainfall areas. in some fell of rain 15 in. than more in.; 6–8 averaged 17 at 7 p.m. Oct. 23 and lastedabout 12hours. Floodwaterskilled 13people, and prop- million. $6 than more at estimated was damage erty River. The rainfall lasted 4–6 hours with official totals of as much as 11 in. Bucket Bucket in. 11 as much as of totals official with hours 4–6 lasted rainfall The River. indicatedsurveys rainfall amounts of as much as 13.8 in. The heaviest rainfall was on thepartof the watershedupstream of the dam thatLake forms Cherokee. Severe than more slightly at estimated were damages and deaths, three caused flooding $1 million. Big Fossil, Big Chambers, Sandy, and Richland Creeks and produced historically sig- streamflow-gagingnificant peak stations. discharges at several Big Fossil Creek estimated an causing Worth, of Fort suburb a Hills, Richland of parts flooded $300,000 in damages. Damagetoagricultural interests and rural public properties River Brazos middle the In Bureau. Weather U.S. the by $700,000 at estimated was Basin, floods and on (exceedingall North those Bosque known) previously River Spring points. some at in. 14 than more totaling rains followed Creek Cowhouse Creek in theBasin middle reached Coloradoits highest River stagesince 1882 fol- Guada- the of headwaters the in Creek, Johnson in. 10 exceeded that rainfall lowing recordedthe secondhighest lupeflood since River, known least at 1852. One person drowned duringthe flood. Flash floodingthe on upper Basin Nuecesfollowed River reported. were rain of in. as 16 much as of totals Unofficial 3–4. Oct. rains heavy of the southern High Plains. Unofficial 1-hour rainfall intensities were reported to be be to were reported intensities rainfall 1-hour Unofficial Plains. High southern the of as muchas4.5–5 in.southeast of Lubbock. Other unofficial reports gave rainfalldepths of 12–14 in.near Lubbock duringa48-hour periodJuly 5–7. In southwestern as much Lamb as 8.6County, in. fell 4:00 to 7:00p.m. July 7. during the period June 24–26. Eight people drowned, and damages were estimated at $3.5 million. Heavy rainsHeavy produced localized flooding in theAmarillo area and eastern Panhandle. A tropicalstorm moving inland caused general rains ofin.8 ormore on about Heavy rains averaging 7–10 in. during thenight Oct. 28–29 in south-centralTexas Heavy rains May 2–3 covered allofCherokee Bayou Basin, a tributary to the Sabine As much as 12 in.ofrain caused flooding extensive in the Basin upper on River Trinity Rainfall was excessive in the Lubbock, Plainview, Levelland, Littlefield, Levelland, and Slaton area in the Lubbock, Rainfallwas excessive Plainview, Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological central HighPlains coast 26, 1960, Texas southern and south- Texas central 1959, Trinity, Brazos, Brazos, Trinity, 1959, Colorado, Guadalupe, and Basins Nueces River Cherokee Bayou in Gregg and Rusk Counties southern High Plains Storm of June 5–12, 1960, 24– June of storm Tropical StormOct. of 16–30,1960, Storm ofSept. 28–Oct. 4, Storm of May 2–3, 1959, 1959, 2–3, May of Storm Storm ofJuly 5–8, 1960, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

28 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region -- -- 3 3 Rostvedt and others, 1968a, p. 99 X Rostvedt and others, 1968a, p. 99–101 X U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Rostvedt and others, 1968a, p. 97 -- Rostvedt, 1965a, p. 131–133 X Rostvedt, 1965b, p. 57 1962 Service, Conservation Soil -- X Storm narrative References Remarks Cottonwood Creek in the upper White Rock Creek Basin. An average 4.6 in. of rain rain of in. 4.6 average An Basin. Creek Rock White upper the in Creek Cottonwood fellthe on basin during about 3 hours. Rainfallon Cottonwood Creek Basin ranged basin. lower the on in. 7 to basin upper the on in. 4 about from noon Sept. 7, the recording rain gage near Justin, about 13 mi northeast of Big Fossil Creek Basin, measured 5 in. during 1 hour and 2 in. morethe following hour. greatest recorded6.86 rainfall was in. About 300 peopletheir fromwere evacuated homes in southeast its Austin banks.Boggy when Creek overflowed in., 1.22 was rainfall storm Recorded period. 3-day entire the fell rains low-intensity CorpusChristi; 15.32 in., Galveston; and 11.66 in.,Conroe. Damages from this lives. their lost people 32 At least million. $408 estimated an were storm destructive 27. July in. 6.2 of rainfall average an had Dallas in Ave. Greenville from upstream That Propertysamedamagerecorded area exceeded$1.5in. 2 the mil- previous day. lion. edly one of the largeston record. Rainfall began at 7:00 p.m. Oct. 23 and lasted Rain- storm. the of hours 6 last the during was rainfall heaviest The hours. 12 about falls exceeding8 in. were reported.damage Heavy occurred in Rio Grande City. fromOverflow LosOlmos Creekflooded 53 city blocks, leftabout 2,000 of the approximately 6,000 peopleinthe city homeless, and causeddamages estimated at life. of loss no was There million. $1 than more sur- bucket A 3.64–4.71 in. of area recorded the rainfalls in rain gages Three Worth. conducted was vey on upper Fossil Big Creekwhere 7.7,8.0, and 8.7in. of rainwere recorded. midnight period a 6-hour during in. 11.4 recorded Crandall 27. July noon about until the from damage pasture and Crop life. of loss no was There 27. July a.m. 6:00 to floodwatersestimated was at $26,000. During early morning Oct. 8, an intense stormofshort durationcentered over As much as 11 in. of rain fell Sept. 7 on upper Big Fossil Creek Basin. During the after- the During Basin. Creek Fossil Big upper 7 on Sept. fell rain of 11 in. as much As Flashflooding in Austin during the nightJune 17–18resulted from intenserainfall. The coastlineat 3:00 p.m.Sept. of HurricaneThe eye entered 11. Relatively Carla the Texas area The 25–27. July Wells Mineral of radius 40-mi a within fell in. 5–17 of rains Heavy Heavy rainsproduced flood a severe in reaches the lower of Los Olmos Creek,report- Fort Hills near Richland in flooding flash caused intensity high of storm A small-area intermittently continued and 26 July midnight about began storm A flood-producing Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological White Rock Creek White Basin at Dallas Haltom City near Fort Fort near City Haltom Worth Austin coast 12, 1961, Texas and Wells Mineral vicinity near Fort Worth Fort near near Crandall in Kaufman County Starr andStarr Jim Hogg Counties Storm of Oct. 8, 1962, Storm of Sept. 6–7, 1962, Storm of June 17–18, 1961, HurricaneSept. Carla, 10– 1962, 27, July of Storm Storm of June 24–25, 1961, Storm of July 26–27, 1962, Storm of Oct. 23–24, 1960, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 29 Rostvedtothers, and 1968b, p. 111–112 -- p. 82–90 1970a, others, and Rostvedt X 1964 Service, Conservation Soil Rostvedtothers, and 1970b, p. 14 X Rostvedtothers, and 1970b, p. 15 -- Rostvedtothers, and 1970b, p. 15 -- 1966b Service, Conservation Soil X 1966a Service, Conservation Soil -- -- Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks a.m. Sept.17.15–20reaches Rainfallin. was on of the the Sabine lower and Neches Two County. Newton in Deweyville at in. 23.5 was rainfall recorded Max. Rivers. million. $11.7 at estimated were damages and drowned, people County in Dimmit 15 Sept. the night fell during rain in. of As as much 12.5 stations. River Devils the on fell in. 15 as much As Encinal. and Springs Carrizo between Basin. River Nueces upper the on fell in. 17 as much as and hours, 24 during Basin 21, Sept. of hours 8 first the During 15–30. Sept. measured was in. 20.33 as much As in and Dallas, over eastward County, Tarrant northeastern in fell in. 12 than more fell of Dallas. an north rain on area heaviest The County. Collin 21. Sept. a.m. 7:00 to 1:15 rain of in. 12.10 reported County Collin in McKinney Therewas no loss of life. Damagewas estimated at $234,000. floodingmajor on tributary streams. Flood damageon the Nolan and ElmCreek Killeen. and Belton near areas in mostly million, $1.2 estimated an were Basins estimatedwas peopleat $1 drowned, million. andwere 14 Two injured. The flood hundreds drove from their homes and killed 26 people. As much as 9 in. of rainhad fallenparts on of the watershed during the 48 hours preceding the flash flood. Mean annualrainfall in the Sanderson area is aboutin. 12 about until continued 8 and Feb. p.m. 8:00 about began Rainfall 8–9. Feb. watershed Gainesville above Creek watershed 6 in. fell the 9. About on Pecan Feb. a.m. 6:00 period. 8-hour an during 20–May2.Rainfall of 7.91–14.75in. was recorded. Unofficialreports of rainfall indicate that isolated areasofthe watershedhad asmuch as 17 in. The greatest rain- reportedfall was for the area immediatelyCorsicana. west of Stormesti- damage was mated at $441,000. Hurricane Cindy entered the Texas coastHurricanebetween Cindy Galveston and enteredArthur Port theTexas at 7:00 Therains produced historically significant peakdischarges at streamflow-gaging two 21. Sept. a.m. 8:00 about until continued and 20 Sept. midnight about began storm The causing 16–17, May in. 10 as much as of rains had Basin River Brazos middle The Rainfallexceeding 6 in.insome areas floodedparts of San Antonio. Property damage Sanderson County was struck in Terrell a 15-ft by wall of water about 7:00 a.m. June 11. A runoff-producing storm occurred on theElm Fork subwatershed of theRiver Trinity A series offlood-producing rains of 8–15 in.fell on Chambers Creek watershed Apr. Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 1964, south-central and and south-central 1964, northeastern Texas and Collin 1964, in Counties Grayson River Trinity upper watershed Brazos River middle Basin Antonio San Terrell in Sanderson County in Gainesville near County Cooke Hill, Navarro, 1966, Johnson and Ellis, Counties 19, 1963, southeastern Texas Storm ofSept. 15–30, Storm ofSept. 20–21, Storm of May 16–17, 1965, Storm of May 18, 1965, Storm of June 10–11, 1965, Storm 8–9, ofFeb. 1966, 20–MayStorm2, of Apr. Hurricane Cindy, Sept. 17– HurricaneCindy, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

30 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region -- EX 3 2 Slade, 1995 U.S. Geological Survey Rostvedt and others, 1972, p. 42p. 1972, others, and Rostvedt -- Mills and Schroeder, 1969 Schroeder, and Mills X Rostvedt and others, 1972,p.9 -- Rostvedt and others, 1971, p. 25–26p. 1971, others, and Rostvedt -- 48–50p. 1971, others, and Rostvedt X Schroeder and others, 1974; Asquith and in. fell on the West Nueces, extreme upper upper extreme Nueces, West the on fell in. Storm narrative References Remarks area of southern Texas andarea northeastern of southern Texas Mexico in 2 Nueces, Dry Frio, and extreme upper Frio River Basins.Nueces, Frio, Dryextreme andupper River Frio Texas coast. The stormweakenedTexas as slowly north it the moved Dallas-Fort toward eastern and Central throughout common were in. 3–4 of totals Rainfall area. Worth with numerousTexas, locations reporting 5 in. or more. No deaths or injuries resulted property and million $2.1 at losses crop placed estimates however, storm; this from losses at $625,000. rain had fallen during the preceding 2 weeks, resulting in a well-saturated basin in in basin well-saturated a in resulting 2 weeks, preceding the during fallen had rain esti- damages and deaths seven in resulted Flooding full. were areas storage all which million. $2.5 at mated streamsmany in a 50,000-mi southward to the Gulf Coast. Flooding principally was on the Guadalupe and Nueces and their tributaries.Rivers Flooding in San deaths Antonio and caused property five million. $4 at estimated damage Marion, and Harrison Counties during the8-day 22–29. periodMost Apr. of therain the rains were centeredover heaviest 22–25. The Apr. period a 72-hour fell during 22.74 fell in. duringGilmer-Harleton 60 hours.Gladewater, area. least At At25 per- million. $12 at estimated was damage Total flood. the in lives their lost sons were rains heaviest The City. Dell of west mountains the in areas some on fell in. 12 recorded duringthe and day night Aug.22. As much as 3 ft of water flooded 50 around and in damage property total and lost, were lives Several City. Dell in houses million. $4.3 at estimated was City Dell September and October. The hurricane entered the Texas coastline near Brownsville Brownsville near coastline Texas the entered hurricane The October. and September aboutdaybreak Sept. 20 and dissipated in the mountains of northern MexicoSept. 22. During Sept. 19–25, as much as 25.5 in. of rain was measured at Falls City in Karnes measurementsUnofficial were as muchas34 in.County. the on Nueces several at discharges peak significant historically produced rains The Basin. River streamflow-gaging stations. The stormcovered about causing 39 counties in Texas, damages. in million $145 and deaths 13 Very high intensity rains of as much of as as rains 14 much intensity high Very During theafternoon June 23,Storm Tropical Candymoved inland the over middle As much as6.7in. fellduring 6-hour a period; 4.9 in.fell during Almost 8 in.hour. 1 of Rainfall produced Hurricane by Beulah caused floods of record-breaking magnitude on During Jan. 18–21, heavy rains of 10 in. or more caused flooding from San Antonio Antonio San from flooding caused more or in. 10 of rains heavy 18–21, Jan. During The storm produced 20–26 in. of rain on parts of Wood, Smith, Harris, Upshur, Gregg, Gregg, Upshur, Harris, Smith, Wood, of parts on rain of in. 20–26 produced storm The than22. More Aug. Paso from El Laredo to extending a frontal systemfell along Rain Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological south-central Texas south-central 23–28, 1968,Central and eastern Texas north Dallas north 19–25, 1967,South Texas south-central Texas south-central 1966, nearDell City in Hudspeth County northeastern Texas Texas northeastern Storm of Aug. 13, 1966, Tropical Storm Candy, June June Candy, Storm Tropical Storm of 28, Apr. 1966, Hurricane Beulah,Sept. Storm of Jan. 18–24, 1968, Storm of Aug. 21–23, Storm of Apr. 22–29, 1966, 1966, 22–29, Apr. of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 31 X X -- 3 Commission, 1974 Commission, 1971, p. 95–97 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1972 -- 1972 others, and Colwick Diniz, 1973U.S. Geological Survey X X International Boundary and Water Rostvedt andothers, 1972, p. 63–64Reid and others,1975 -- Reid and others,1975 International Boundary and Water -- X Fifteen lives were lost to the rampaging rampaging the to lost were lives Fifteen Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks morning Sept. 27 with rains of 2–12 in. Flood damages were $2.5 million in the the in million $2.5 were damages Flood in. 2–12 of rains with 27 Sept. morning Seguin area. in. 0.62 recorded station fire Ysleta The p.m. 7:30 to 5:00 from in. floodwaters that inundated 400 homes and caused about $5.7 million in damages. rainfall was in the Coastal Bend area and extreme South Texas. Max. recorded pre- recorded Max. Texas. South extreme and area Bend Coastal the in was rainfall in Falfurrias of southwest mi 27 about Ranch, Kaffie at in. 22.67 was cipitation mi 2 in. 26 of totals rainfall indicated Bee County in survey A bucket County. Brooks damages flood Total Skidmore. of north mi 3 in. 25.7 and Beeville of south-southeast million. $28.3 estimated an were Fern Hurricane from Quitman in Hudspeth County to Amistad Dam in Val Verde County, 10.5 in. on the the on in. 10.5 County, Verde Val in Dam Amistad to County Hudspeth in Quitman Basin,PecosRiver and 8.5 in. watershed. on theDevils River Extremely heavy rains Continental watersheds. River Devils and Pecos the both of areas localized on fell the In days. 9 during in. 23 of total a recorded watershed River Pecos the in Ranch 6 during Ranch Walker at fell rain of in. 21.58 of total a watershed, River Devils days. Bakers Crossing had almost 12 in. of rain during 24 hours. Randall County reported7.87 in. Allhighways through Canyon were closed for a time duringand immediately afterthe result storm. As a rains, of theseheavy a Childress. of northwest mi 15 life one claimed wreck train $2-million bounded area triangular a within Basins River Brazos and Trinity, Sulphur, Sabine, Damages were estimatedand Lubbock,by Waco. Texarkana, at $4.6million in the Basin. River Trinity and earlymorning May 7. DamagesinJohnson County were estimated at $400,000. voirs were less than one-third of conservation During capacity. the 7-day period, rain- and Dam Amistad between watershed entire the on 9 in. about averaged fall Falcon Dam. El Indio in Maverick County recorded 16–18 in. During a 4-hour period, 16 in. of rain fell. rain of in. 16 period, 4-hour a During frontalA severe storm passed Guadalupe over County duringthe nightSept. 26 and Heavy rain fell inaround and ElJunePaso 10. The Hercules station fire recorded0.95 Thestorm dumped heavy rainfall as itmoved along thecoast and inland.The heaviest Rainfall during the period averaged about 8 in. on the entire watershed from Fort Fort from watershed entire the on in. 8 about averaged period the during Rainfall Heavy rains Canyon in of as much asForkRed 8 in. fell River. on Prairie Dog Town the thunderstormsofon caused partsfloods General accompanied severe rains by 6 May the evening during Most of this fell storm. rain the 8 in. during exceeded Rainfall droughtTherainsmonths. ended that a severe Reser- had the area affected for several Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological New Braunfels New and Seguin 1973, vicinity Paso 1971, South Texas and1971, South Texas Bend Coastal 1974, Rio Grande Grande Rio 1974, watershed north-central Texas north-central Texas Cleburne in Johnson County Rio Grande watershed Texas High Plains Texas Storm of May 11–12, 1972, Storm ofSept. 26–27, Storm ofJune 10, 1974, El HurricaneFern, Sept. 7–13, Storm ofSept. 14–25, Storm of May 4–10, 1969, 1969, 4–10, May of Storm 1969, 6–7, May of Storm Storm of June 24–30, 1971, Storm ofAug. 28, 1968, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

32 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X EX 3 2 Slade, 1995 Bomar, 1980, p. 429–436 1980, Bomar, X Bomar, 1980, p. 369–375 1980, Bomar, E X Schroeder and others, 1987; Asquith and Bomar, 1980, p. 225–227 1980, Bomar, X Bomar, 1979,Bomar, 7; p. U.S. Geological Survey Farner & Winslow, Inc., 1978 Inc., & Winslow, Farner -- Bomar, 1979, p. 32–33 1979, Bomar, -- Rice Center, 1980Rice Center, X t deaths and damagest million. $25 exceeding tern upper coast and southeast Texas for for southeastand upper Texas coasttern Storm narrative References Remarks County recorded 27 in. of rain. Four people drowned, and damages were estimated at at estimated were damages and drowned, people Four rain. of in. 27 recorded County million. $8 almost 48 hours causing major flooding that closed streets and highways and forced forced and highways and streets closed that flooding major causing hours 48 almost days 3 and 2 for in. 10–20 of totals Rainfall homes. their from residents of hundreds were common. AlvininBrazoria Countyrecorded themax. 24-hour rainfall on recordforthe United States of 25.75 in. 4. Rainfall of more than 48 in. near Medina in Bandera County established a U.S. U.S. a established County Bandera in Medina near in. 48 than of more Rainfall 4. record of extreme point forrainfall a 72-hour period. A second the storm “Big over air mass with a of a maritime cold front pro- interaction the from resulted Country” ducing 32.5 in.at Albany inShackelford with 23 in. County, during thehours 8 ending 2:00 a.m.Aug. 4. Major flooding occurred on the Medinaand Guadalupe Rivers. $110 million. exceeded reportedly damages and total lost, were lives Thirty-three that totaled 12 in. or more in less than 12 hours. About 10 in. was recorded during 3 3 during recorded was in. 10 About hours. 12 than less in more or in. 12 totaled that during Conroe of vicinity the in recorded was in. 14 as much As Splendora. at hours an 8-hour period beginning just before dawn. Almost 2,000 residents were evacuated from their homes. The storm caused $50 million of damages in Conroe and another County. of parts other Montgomery in million $50 minutes sent a 12-ft wall of water surging through scenic Palo Duro Canyon State State Canyon Duro Palo scenic through surging water of wall 12-ft a sent minutes Park. Flooding also widespread was in otherareas of Randall Four people County. drowned, and $8–10 million in damages resulted. night to 4:00 a.m. during the morning June 7. Rainfall of 6.3 in. during 24 hours was in. 7.0 reported station fire Woodlands The State Forest. Jones recorded at W.G. region. Rainsofas muchin. as 15 fell in and aroundGuadalupe National Park Sept. man- that levels to there reservoirs filled and Mexico northern deluged rains The 25. causing Presidio, at Grande Rio the into Conchos Rio the down releases record dated the worst floodingalong the Rio Grande in 74 years. during 6 hours. Floodwaters causedduring hours. Floodwaters 6 eigh Three-day rainfall totals throughout the upper coast were 8–27 in. Freeport in Brazoria Brazoria in Freeport in. 8–27 were coast upper the throughout totals rainfall Three-day Continuous, torrential rains rains in the fell eas torrential Continuous, Rain initiated by the remnants of Tropical Storm Amelia fell over Central Texas Aug. 1– Aug. Texas Central over fell Amelia Storm Tropical of remnants the by initiated Rain Some of the worst flooding ever to hit Montgomery County resulted from rains Apr. 18 18 Apr. rains from resulted County Montgomery to hit ever flooding worst of the Some Rainfall during the period averaged 4–10 in. on the High Plains. A 10-in. rain during 90 Rain from a relatively short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorm fell from about mid- about from fell thunderstorm high-intensity short-duration, relatively a from Rain Tropical Storm Paul produced 4- to 8-in. rains in thewestern and southernTrans-Pecos The majority of rain fell on a small area. Hunting Bayou at Loop 610 recorded 10.2 in. in. 10.2 recorded 610 Loop at Bayou Hunting area. small a on fell rain of majority The Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 1979, East Texas and 1979, EastTexas upper coast July 24–28, 1979, East and upper coast Texas Aug. 1–4, 1978, Central Texas parts of uppercoast Palo Duro Canyon StatePalo Park in Randall County Woodlands in HarrisWoodlands County 24–25, 1978,Trans- region Pecos south Houston south Storm of Sept. 17–21, Tropical Storm Claudette, Tropical Storm Amelia, Storm of Apr. 18–21, 1979, 1979, 18–21, Apr. of Storm Storm of May 26–27, 1978, Storm of June 7, 1978, The Tropical StormTropical Paul, Sept. Storm of June 15, 1976, 1976, 15, June of Storm Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 33 X others, 1982 Bomar, 1982Bomar, 1984 Kurklin, and Buckner E X X Bomar, 1983a, p. 84–88 1983a, Bomar, p. 88–90 1983a, Bomar, p. 88–94 1983a, Bomar, X X p. 50–52 1983a, Bomar, X 1982,Bomar, p. 15–18Massey and others,1982; Moore and X X Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks McAlester, Okla. Max. recorded rainfall was 23 in. during 34 hours about 5 mi north Numerousreported areaswere lost, rains exceeding 10 in.lives Six Clyde,of Tex. and damages were about $115 million. ern Texas from Brooks County in southern Texas to as far north as Caldwell and and Caldwell as north far to as Texas in southern County Brooks from Texas ern Bastrop Counties. About 20 in. was recorded Basin. on the River Karnes Lavaca City were totals Unofficial period. 24-hour a during rain of in. 16.29 had County Karnes in as muchas19 and 21 in.inother partsofthe State. Flash floodingfrom the rains damages. in dollars of millions caused and people five killed Allen. Three-day rainfall totals exceeding 15 in. were reported in parts of Jim Wells Wells Jim of parts in were reported in. 15 exceeding totals rainfall Three-day Allen. and Hidalgo Counties and around Aransas Pass. Threepeople drowned in the storm million. $650–700 at estimated was property to damage and surge, Flash floods causing ragedsome on the Pecos roads and Rivers, Devils to be closed. Park. National Bend Big of Basin Chisos the on fell rain of in. 6 than More damaged that floodwaters producing rain of in. 12–16 had Counties Orange and mil- $3 of cost a at automobiles of hundreds and businesses, 175 homes, 900 about the along flooding massive caused in. 25 of downpours County, Kimble In lion. Kimble, Mason, Llano Menard, River. and LlanoCounties damages had totaling The rain. of in. 5–9 had $20 County Green Tom in area Angelo San The million. fell. in. 4–8 where Park, National Big west Bend as as were felt far Danielle of effects million. $2.2 estimated an were damages where Counties, Scurry and Nolan, theState. Houston Hobby Airport recorded 9.48in. during24 hours May 3. San Jacinto Damrecorded 8.53 in. small watersheds in and aroundAustin. The rainfall began at 9:30 p.m. Mayand 24 rain of in. 10 than more had locations Some 25. May midnight before shortly ended duringhours.4 Thirteen people drowned in flash flooding, and propertydamage was million. at $35.5 reported Thestorm extended in a southwest to northeast directionnear from Abilene to near Heavy stormscaused considerable flooding in more than a dozencounties in southeast- Almostall of thesouthern had at least one-fourth 5 in. of rain from ofHurricane Texas rainsproducedresidue Five-day from by Hurricane Allen fell area. on theTrans-Pecos stormTropical Danielle produced torrential Jefferson rainsapartlarge over of Texas. Mitchell, Fisher, were hit hard Particularly Texas. of most on fell in. of 8–9 Rains Heavy thunderstorms producedrains of 2–5 in.much on of the southeastern one-half of A short-duration, intense rainfall causedthe worst flooding since1935 many onof the Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological north-central Texas andnorth-central Texas south-central Oklahoma southeast and south- Texas central 1980, area Trans-Pecos 1980, 5–10, Sept. Central East and Texas and West, North, 1980, Texas East South Texas Austin 12, 1980, southeastern Texas StormOct. of 10–14,1981, Storm ofAug. 31, 1981, Storm ofAug. 10–15, Danielle, Storm Tropical Storm ofSept. 24–29, 1981, 1–4, May of Storm Storm of May 24–25, 1981, Hurricane Allen, Aug. 5– Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

34 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X X X istration, 1984a,p. 20, 32 istration, 1983, p. 19 istration, 1981 National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- U.S. Geological Survey, 1985,U.S. Geological p. 14 Survey, -- Lambeth, 1983 X Bomar, 1983b,Bomar, p. 98–103 X Bomar, 1983b,Bomar, p. 24 X Bomar, 1983b,Bomar, p. 16–17 X Bomar, 1983b,Bomar, p. 14–15 X National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- more of rain Sept. Sept. rain more of resulted from 3–7 in. or or in. 3–7 from resulted the northeast side ofHouston. Storm narrative References Remarks and Counties Willacy experiencedthe worst flooding since HurricaneBeulah in estimated1967.It was thatmore than percent 50of the eastern one-half of Cameron County under was water. eralrainfall gages, including Lubbock, Brownfield, and Paducah, measuredas much in. 5–7 measured stations other Many more. or 7 in. as 18–19. Flooding was widespread where oneinBexar person County, killed. was In the Houston area, three people drowned duringthe widespreadflooding. recorded rainfall was 10.75 in. on in. was 10.75 recorded rainfall in. duringa12-hour period Sept. 30, a record intensity. Max.storm rainfall was 2.26 in. duringthe 24 hoursending Oct.1Ysleta at in In the ElPanhandle, Paso County. in. 1.74 had County Dallam in Dalhart County, 13.00County, in. at Pilot Point in Denton and County, 12.60 in. at Bonham in Fannin sustained. were damages in dollars of Millions County. until morning Feb. 26. Max. recorded rainfall was 6.17 in. at Point Comfort in in Comfort Point at in. 6.17 was rainfall recorded Max. 26. Feb. morning until Calhoun Floodwaters County. caused one drowning. Garden had 7.42 in. during 1 day. Damage to property was $250,000 in Cameron Cameron in $250,000 was property to Damage day. 1 during in. 7.42 had Garden Coun- Atascosa and Karnes on rain of in. 3–4 dumped thunderstorms Heavy County. 20. Feb. ties O’Connor and straight northward from these two points for about 120 mi inland. Six was rainfall recorded Max. rain. of in. 6–13 had Texas south-central in centers storm County. Fayette in Grange La at in. 13.20 Heavy rains, some exceeding 20 in., drenched the lower Rio Grande Valley. Cameron rains,Heavy some exceeding 20 in., drenched Rio Grandethe Valley. lower Heavy rainsofas muchin. as 10 caused local flooding in San Augustine County. U.S. 1985, Geological p. 15 Survey, -- Record-breaking rainfall flooded Lubbock and many other areas around Lubbock. Sev- Lubbock. around areas other many and Lubbock flooded rainfall Record-breaking Flash floods in several parts of South Texas Rainfall 4–11 in. averaged amounts across were the Houston 5–9 in. area. Max. Typical Residue and the Panhandle. from Paul Texas El caused hadPaso 2 3-day rains West over Rainfall totals for a 24-hourperiod ending May 13 were 13.02in. at Trenton in Fannin The storm produced 3–5 in. of rain between Corpus Christi and Matagorda from 25 Feb. The storms dumpedabout 6 in. of rainin less than 3 hours at Harlingen. NearbyAdams Flood-producing rains extended along the coastline from Corpus Christi to Port Port to Christi Corpus from coastline the along extended rains Flood-producing Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological 1984, southernTexas East Texas southern High Plains Plains High southern South Texas South Texas 19, 1983, Houston vicinity Oct. 1, 1982,Panhandle and Trans-Pecos North and East Texas North and East Texas south-central Texas Texas south-central southeast Texas southeast south-central Texas south-central Storm of Sept. 16–19, Stormof Dec. 10–11, 1983, Storm of Oct. 18–20, 1983, Storm of Sept. 15, 1983, 1983, 15, Sept. of Storm Hurricane Alicia, Aug. 17– Hurricane Sept. Paul, 28– Storm of May 11–14, 1982, Storm of Feb. 24–26, 1982, 1982, 24–26, Feb. of Storm Storm of Feb. 18–21, 1982, 1982, 18–21, Feb. of Storm Storm of Oct. 30–31, 1981, Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 35 X X X -- istration, 1986, p. 13 istration, 1985, p. 10 istration, 1984b,p. 26 istration, 1984b,p. 25 Moody and others, 1988,p.18 Moody and others, 1988,p.21 -- Moody and others, 1988,p.22 -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- -- Moody and others, 1986Moody and others, 1986Moody and others, 1986 -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- -- -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks in Sherman caused damagesestimated at $1.3 million. estimated were damages flood and rain, Wind, hour. an during rain of in. 4 about and into driving after car their from swept when drowned people Two million. $2 about at a flooded underpass. days several for lasted flooding river Subsequent flooding. flash widespread caused along Medina and San Antonio Local Rivers. damages wereestimated atmillion. $3 west of Houston.Garwood in Colorado County recordedin. 21 The bridge over flooded severely most The water. of 4 ft under was 59 Highway on River Bernard San Gar- of communities the to Lake Eagle of south from County Colorado in were areas wood and Lissie. early morning Apr. 28. About 10 in. of rain fell 9:00 to 11:00 p.m. near Rockwall in in Rockwall near p.m. 11:00 to 9:00 fell rain of in. 10 About 28. Apr. morning early EightRockwall people County. drowned as a result of driving intohigh waters. Mission. of town the around 6 in. than more slightly were Panhandle ern in Real Counties. and Uvalde Theserains causedwidespread flashflooding and accompanying damages along tributaries of the Llano andRiver the headwaters of theGuadalupe, Frio, Sabinal and Rivers. County. Houston Intercontinental Airport measured as much as 10 in. About 650 650 About in. 10 as much as measured Airport Intercontinental Houston County. million. $4.1 estimated an was damage and flooded, were homes downpours Oct. 19 that resulted in serious flash flooding. Odem in San Patricio Patricio San in Odem flooding. flash serious in resulted that 19 Oct. downpours Countyhad an unofficial total of 25 in. during a 3.5-hourperiod, making the event States. United the in duration this for depths largest the of one In Grayson County, 5–7 in. of rain in less than 2 hours caused severe flooding. Flooding Flooding flooding. severe caused hours 2 than in less rain of in. 5–7 County, Grayson In Thestorm produced winds as stronghailmi as 95per as hour, large as 3-in.-diameter, San Antonioreported 6.5 in. during 24 hours.Other unofficialamounts of about 10 in. Intense rains of 5–21in. caused widespread flooding10-county in a area bordering and Intense thunderstorms during 27 and most the covered of late North Apr. evening Texas 5–10In extreme in. southern of rain May 15 Texas, caused floodingextensive inand Plains wereRains generallyon the Texas 2–4 in. andparts on of the eastern and south- Heavy rain (as much as 6 in.) fell in Kimble and Kerr Counties, and as much as 9 in. fell fell 9 in. as much as and Counties, Kerr and Kimble in fell in.) 6 as much (as rain Heavy Heavy rainsHeavy about began 7:00 a.m. in western HarrisCounty and northern Fort Bend Strong thunderstorms along a stationary front north of Corpus Christi produced heavy heavy produced Christi Corpus of north front stationary a along thunderstorms Strong Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological northeastern Texas Worth Fort Antonio southeastern Texas North Texas County Hidalgo Texas Plains south-central Texas north Houston Wells, Nueces,Refugio, Wells, Patricio San and Counties Storm of Apr. 3–5,Storm 1986, ofApr. Storm of May 24, 1986, San 1986, 4, June of Storm Storm of Nov. 11–12,1985, Storm of Nov. Storm of Apr. 27–28, Storm 1985, of Apr. Storm of May 15, 1985, Storm ofOct. 9–10, 1985, Storm of Dec. 31, 1984, Storm of Oct. 25, 1984, 1984, 25, Oct. of Storm Storm of Oct. 19, 1984, Jim Footnotes at end of table. Table 1.

36 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region X -- -- istration, 1988, p. 41–42 istration, 1987, p. 14–16 istration, 1986, p. 52 Griffiths and others,Griffiths 1990, p. 42–44 X Griffiths and others,Griffiths 1990, p. 38–40 X Griffiths and others,Griffiths 1990, p. 31–32 X National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- Paulson and others, 1991,p. 23 -- Paulson and others, 1991,p. 23 -- National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- Carr and others, 1990,p. 21 -- Carr and others, 1990,p. 18 -- National OceanicAtmospheric and Admin- East Texas. Rain gages recorded 14.16 14.16 recorded gages Rain Texas. East Storm narrative References Remarks Houston Intercontinental Airport recorded 10.34 in. during 24 hours.Heavy rains caused majorflooding responsible that was three for deaths and estimateddamages million. $60 of $50 million. Houston Intercontinental Airport recorded 10.28 in. May 17–18. Spring Spring 17–18. in. May 10.28 recorded Airport Intercontinental Houston million. $50 recorded more than15 in. during a 24-hour period May 17–18. in. at Longview, 12.17 in. at Atlanta, and 11.05 in. at Henderson. Flooding caused the the caused Flooding at Henderson. in. 11.05 and at Atlanta, in. 12.17 Longview, at in. million. $10–16 of damages estimated and man one of death Texas. Heaviestreport of rainfallwas 8.71Texas. in.Sept. 16–18 at Lamar in Aransas Garden. Adams at fell in. 6.40 Valley, Grande Rio lower In the County. County. The storm causedflooding County. in moredozena than counties. Damageswere million. $3–5 at estimated nearby San Angelo, floodwaters swept away one person. one away swept floodwaters Angelo, San nearby across seven counties north and northwest of San Antonio. Heavy rains in Kerrville Kerrville in rains Heavy Antonio. San of northwest and north counties seven across at fell rain of in. 11.50 as much As fallen. had in. 3.3 dawn by and a.m., 4:00 at began Hunt,with 5–10 in.surrounding on areas.Flooding caused tragicloss of lifewhen a Ten river. a raging was into swept 4 adults and with 39 teenagers filled bus church helicopter. by rescued were 33 remaining the and drowned persons Cameron County. Devils and Dry Devils Rivers. McCamey in southwestern Upton County reported reported County Upton southwestern in McCamey Rivers. Devils Dry and Devils 16.21 in. during 24 hours. One drowning occurred when a car was washed a off road. along the downstream one-half of the Neches River. Ace inalong southernthe downstream Polk one-half County ofthe had Neches River. 13 in. coastal More than23,000 peoplethe from were Texas-Louisiana evacuated million. $1.5 least at were damages water and wind sustained where area, Tropical Storm Allison caused torrential rains of 10–15 in. from Houston to Beaumont. to Beaumont. Houston in. from of 10–15 rains torrential caused Allison Storm Tropical Widespread rains caused flooding that resulted deaths in and five total damages of about Heavy rainfall from strong thunderstorms fell on strong from rainfall Heavy Heavy rain caused by remnants of Gilbert began during the morning Sept. 16 in South South in 16 Sept. morning the during began of Gilbert remnants by caused rain Heavy Intensethunderstorms during the night June 1 dumped more than10 in. Comanche on Intenserainfall of 2–3 in.caused a flashflood on the Concho near River Paint Rock. In During the evening July 16 and early morning July 17, storms produced flash floods floods flash produced storms 17, July morning early and 16 July evening the During Torrential rains of 6–7 in. fell during a 2-hour period in parts of Brownsville in in Brownsville of parts in period 2-hour a during fell in. 6–7 of rains Torrential In northern Val Verde County, 10–15 in. County, of rain Oct.flooding 5 caused severe Verde the on Innorthern Val Torrential rains of 6 in.Torrential or more caused widespread flooding, including about 150 mi Event Descriptions of notable and storms extreme in Texas—Continued (chronological order) (chronological June 26–July 7, 1989, 7, 1989, 26–July June Texas southwest parts of uppercoast and North Texas East Texas 16–18, 1988,South Texas north-central Texas near Paint Rock on Concho River Hill Country Country Hill extreme southern Texas southwestern Texas Texas southwestern 26–29, 1986,East Texas Tropical Storm Allison, Storm Tropical Storm of May 16–19, 1989, Storm 28–29,of Mar. 1989, Hurricane Gilbert,Sept. Storm of June 1, 1988, 1, 1988, June of Storm Storm of May 11, 1988, 11, 1988, May of Storm Storm of July 16–17, 1987, Storm of Feb. 6, 1987, 1987, 6, Feb. of Storm Storm of Oct. 4–5, 1986, Hurricane Bonnie, June Footnotes at end of table. Table 1. Table

Table 1 37 X X EX 2 24 1995 istration, 1995 istration, 1990 Hejlandothers, 1996; Asquith and Slade, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- Paulson and others, 1993, p. 26 p. 1993, others, and Paulson National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- -- (E, in table 1) in table (E, Extreme storms Extreme Number of storms of Number 209 1 Notable storms Notable (includes extreme storms) extreme (includes Storm narrativeStorm References Remarks Summary of notable and extreme storms in Texas Texas in storms extreme and notable of Summary Totaldoes not equal 213(total ofstorms table in1)because 4 storms before 1899not are 1 Totals 1899–19101911–201921–301931–401941–501951–601961–701971–80 91981–94 21 20 24 21 33 25 18 38 2 0 1 9 2 5 1 2 2

Time period Time included. Table 2. in a large area of Central Texas Dec. 18–23. Daily rainfall totals exceeded 4 in. at at in. 4 exceeded totals rainfall Daily 18–23. Dec. Texas Central of area large a in numerous locations. Max. recorded 24-hourrainfall 8.6 was in., and max. recorded 12-hour rainfall was 7.3 in.,both at Evant in CoryellMedina County. had 15.59 in. deathsduringwere5 days. attributedTen to the flooding.The Federal Emergency Management Agencydispensed about $43 million. southeast Texas resulted in catastrophic flooding. The intense rainfalls totaled more more totaled rainfalls intense The flooding. catastrophic in resulted Texas southeast Texas. southeast of much on in. 8 than more and locations several at in. 25 than Flooding caused 18 deaths and millions of dollars in damage. 16.05 in. Flooding was the worst in the Brownwood area since 1954. About 1,300 1,300 About 1954. since area in the Brownwood worst the was Flooding in. 16.05 Floods causedmil- County. low-lying frompeople areas ofBrown were evacuated damages. in of dollars lions Rainfallwas 5–9 in. on north-central2–5 and sections in.elsewhere. of North Texas Record-breaking peak discharges were recorded at several streamflow-gaging stations streamflow-gaging were recordedRecord-breaking peak at several discharges A tropical, mid-latitude rainfall of unusual proportion on a 30- to 35-county area of of area 35-county to 30- a on proportion unusual of rainfall mid-latitude tropical, A As much as16 in. of rain fellduring a 24-hour period.Brownwood Airport measured Heavy rainfall May 1–4 produced major floodingduring in early North May. Texas Event Descriptions of notable and stormsextreme in Texas—Continued Unpublished mapsfile on at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,Worth, Fort Texas. Flooding associatedwiththis storm is recognized as significant in Asquithand Slade, 1995. Unpublishedon data at file the U.S. Geological Survey,Austin, Texas. 1 2 3 (chronological order) (chronological Central Texas Central Texas 19, 1994, southeast Texas North Texas North Texas Brownwood in Brown County Table 2 Storm ofDec. 18–23,1991, Tropical storm of Oct. 15– Oct. of storm Tropical Storm of May 1–7, 1990, 1990, 1–7, May of Storm Storm of Apr. 25, 1990, 1990, 25, Apr. of Storm Table 1.

38 Extreme Precipitation Depths for Texas, Excluding the Trans-Pecos Region