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ESNA UIR Proceedings ESNA UIR European Society for New Methods International Union In Agricultural Research of Radioecologists XXXIV Annual Meeting of ESNA / jointly organised with IUR working group soil-to-Plant transfer University of Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, August 29-September 2, 2004 Working Group 3, Soil-Plant-Relationships Proceedings December 2004 Vlado Licina & Gregor Zibold (eds.) Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences D-88241 Germany For this report all rights are reserved by Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences ISSN 1611-9223 Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences D-88241 Weingarten, Germany Tel +49 751 501 9562 Fax +49 751 501 9876 E-mail [email protected] An electronic version of these proceedings is accessible at the following websites: http://www.fh-weingarten.de/~zibold/ http://www.iur-uir.org Summary at the Closing Ceremony in Novi Sad September 2, 2004 Soil plant relationships were discussed in 23 papers - 8 oral and 15 posters - during 4 sessions chaired by Prof. Vlado Licina and Prof. Gregor Zibold. Contributions came from 8 countries: Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. 3 papers reported on radiotracer methods to study nutrient uptake and translocations in plants, and residence half-times in soil. 16 papers dealt with fertilizers, plant nutrition, soil humus modelling, analysis of heavy metals their influence and optimal concentration concerning fruit yield. Foliar fertilization was addressed in 4 more papers. We had interesting discussions and enjoyed the pleasant atmosphere in Novi Sad during conference parties and excursion. Our sincere thanks go to Prof. Ivana Maksimovic and her efficient team for the perfect organization of the meeting. With kind regards Gregor Zibold Preface At the beginning of the conference in Novi Sad the local organizers had already provided a nearly complete printed version of conference proceedings of all the papers accepted for presentation in Novi Sad. This was important for the scientific success of the conference. However we realized that only a relatively small number of those papers were actually presented at the conference. For this reason and in order to continue the existing series of “Proceedings of Working Group 3” we decided to publish this additional special version. We agreed to referee the papers and we are very happy that Maria Oncsik, Georghe Budoi, Ioannis Massas, and Frantisek Zelený shared this task with us. In this way, finally, not all but most of the papers presented in Novi Sad in Working Group 3 could be collected in these proceedings. We thank the Chairman of the meeting in Novi Sad, Professor Ivana Maksimovic, and her team for their warm hospitality and perfect organisation at the impressive campus of University of Novi Sad in the Faculty of Agriculture. Vlado Licina & Gregor Zibold Acknowledgements Printing and mailing of these proceedings have been supported by the Institute of Applied Research (IAF) and by the Rector of the Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten. We thank for their important contributions. Vlado Licina & Gregor Zibold I Contents Oral Presentations Radioecology page Massas I., Papatheohari Y., Haidouti C. and Skarlou V.: 1 THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM APPLICATION ON 134Cs CONCENTRATION IN THE VEGETATIVE PART AND THE FLOWER HEADS OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS. Zibold G. and Klemt E.: 6 RESIDENCE HALF-LIVES OF 137Cs IN EUROPEAN FOREST SOILS. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Gasparatos D., Haidouti C., Antonakos G., Haroulis A. and Massas I.: 12 CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS IN A GREEK ALFISOL UNDER CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION. Antic-Mladenovic S., Jakovljevic M., Licina V., Kresovic M.: 18 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL CONTAMINATION WITH COPPER USING SEQUENTIAL FRACTIONATION. Grădinariu G., Bireescu L., Istrate M., Grădinariu F., Gavriluţă I., Zlati C.: 23 THE DIMINUTION OF DROUGHT NEGATIVE EFFECTS UPON FRUIT YIELD BY USING UNCONVENTIONAL MEASURES. Draghia L., Volf M., Jitareanu D., Zlati C.: 27 PRELIMINARY RESULTS REGARDING THE ORNAMENTAL PLANTS GROWTH IN SUBSTRATE WITH ZEOLITES TUFF. Zelená E. and Zelený F.: 32 EFFECT OF NUTRITION OF PLANTS ON THEIR RESISTANCE TO APHIDS. Zelený F., Zelená E., Hájek J.: 37 INFLUENCE OF SULFUR NUTRITION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN. Lopareva A, Echevarria G., Schwartz C., Goncharova N., Morel J-L.: 93 INFLUENCE OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES INJECTED TO RHIZOSPHERE ON Cd ACCUMULATION BY HYPERACCUMULATOR PLANT THLASPI CAERULESCENS. II Poster Presentations Radiation Effects Oncsik M. B.: 42 EXPERIMENTS ON THE CESIUM AND STRONTIUM TRANSLOCATION IN GREEN BEANS. Heavy metals Mihailovic, N.: 47 PRE-EXPOSURE TO LOW Pb AFFECTS NEGATIVELY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) TO HIGHER Zn AND Pb CONCENTRATIONS. Rusu M., Marghitas M., Mihaiescu T., Todoran A.: 53 AGROCHEMICAL MEASURES FOR SOIL RECLAMATION IN CONNECTION WITH HEAVY METALS POLLUTION. Nutrients and Fertilization Budoi, Gh., Danuso, F., Berca, M., Vasile, G., Soare, M., Alexandru, D.: 59 MODELLING SOIL HUMUS SYNTHESIS. Budoi, Gh., Vasile, G., Popescu, V., Burzo, I., Mihaescu, D., Ciofu, R., Selaru, E., Badea, M.E., Olar, R., Petra, O., Dumitrache E., Badea, A.: 63 RESEARCHES CONCERNING PLANT NUTRIENT DISORDERS: MANGANESE TOXICITY. Grădinariu G., Bireescu L., Istrate M., Grădinariu F., Gavriluţă I., Zlati C.: 68 THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION UPON APPLE TREE GROWING AND FRUCTIFICATION IN IDARED VARIETY. Draghia L., Bireescu L., Jitareanu D., Gradinariu F., Zlati C.: 73 NEW FOLIAR FERTILIZERS USED IN CYCLAMEN PERSICUM MILL. CULTURE. Chivulete S., Ciofu R., Morarescu V., Gapsa F., Badea R.: 78 RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF SYNTHETICALLY CONDITIONED MOLLIC BROWN REDDISH SOILS STRUCTURE UPON THE ONION CULTURE. Vâjială M., Ciofu R., Dumitru M., Stan V., Gamenţ E., Budoi Gh.: 83 THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF A FOUR-YEAR APPLICATION OF SOME SAWDUST AND SLUDGE COMPOST RATES UPON SOLARIUM-GROWN TOMATO YIELD AND QUALITY. Durić V., Malešević M., Starčević L., Panković L., Mastilović J.: 88 IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN IN THE PRODUCTION OF QUALITY FOOD. THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM APPLICATION ON 134Cs CONCENTRATION IN THE VEGETATIVE PART AND THE FLOWER HEADS OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS Massas I.1*, Papatheohari Y.2, Haidouti C.1 and Skarlou V.3 1. Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Soil Science, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 2. Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Crop Production, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 3. N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Institute of Biology, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece * E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT In a greenhouse pot experiment, the effect of potassium application on 134Cs concentration in the vegetative part (shoots and leaves) and the flower heads of sunflower plants were tested. Seven soils with contrasting properties were selected for the purposes of the experiment. Soil in each pot was contaminated with 134Cs by adding the radioactive material in layers in the form of CsCl. For each soil twelve pots were used, but only in six of them K was added in the form of K2SO4. Prior to the addition of potassium fertilization the soils had been cultivated with sunflower plants for four consecutive periods. Potassium application significantly reduced 134Cs concentration in both the vegetative part and the flower heads, while significantly increased K concentration. Plants grown in the pots received K fertilization showed a mean 134Cs concentration reduction of 2 and 3,5 times for the vegetative part and the flower heads respectively. 134Cs and K concentrations followed a similar distribution pattern in the studied plant parts, and were significantly negatively correlated. Finally, in all soils, K addition resulted to lower flower heads / vegetative part concentration ratios for both 134Cs and K. Key words: 134Cs, K fertilization, soil, sunflower INTRODUCTION To understand the mechanisms that control caesium status in soils and to develop effective countermeasures in case of radioactive fallout, potassium – caesium relationship have been extensively studied, due to similarities in the chemical behaviour of the two elements. The concentration of different K forms in soils (exchangeable, water soluble, total) was found to be negatively correlated to caesium concentration in plants (2, 4, 13). However, data processing of the IUR database resulted to no clear relationship between exchangeable K values and 134,137Cs transfer factors (7). Potassium application in soils contaminated with 134,137Cs is considered as an effective tool to reduce radiocaesium availability to plants (3, 6, 10, 15), though it is also supported that in soils of low C.E.C. the addition of large quantities of potassium fertilizer may result to increased caesium concentration in soil solution and consequently to increased 134,137Cs availability to plants (9, 12). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of potassium fertilization on 134Cs concentration in the vegetative part (shoots and leaves) and the flower heads of sunflower plants grown on seven contaminated with 134Cs soils. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental set up For the purposes of the study, a completely randomized pot experiment, in six replicates, was conducted under controlled conditions (greenhouse). 134Cs uptake by sunflower plants was examined in relation to potassium application in soils. The pots used, had already been cultivated with sunflower plants for four consecutive periods. Seven mineral soils with contrasting properties had been selected for the experiment (Table 1). In June 1998, soil in each pot was contaminated with 134Cs (1,1 MBq pot-1), by spraying the radioactive material in layers in the form of CsCl (11). The soils were left to stand for two months, for 134Cs to reach equilibrium (1); the pots were then sown with sunflower seeds. During these four growth periods no K fertilizer applied to the soils. To accomplish the aims of the present experiment, sunflower plants were grown again (in 2002) in all the contaminated pots (twelve for each soil), after the fourth harvest. Prior to sowing, 1,5g of K2SO4 per pot was added to six pots of each soil. Thus, two treatments, named No K and K+, were tested.
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