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PREVENT ANEMIA for BETTER HEALTH: Research Brief

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PREVENT ANEMIA for BETTER HEALTH: Research Brief PREVENT ANEMIA FOR BETTER HEALTH: Research Brief Version: June 26, 2017 Bobbi Gray1 and Aloke Chakraborty2 1 Research Director, Grameen Foundation 2 Program Associate, Freedom from Hunger India Trust Aikyatan Development Society (ADS) Aikyatan Development Society is a non-profit development organization engaged in the self-help group (SHG) movement, health care and livelihoods to address the poverty of poor families in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal, India. ADS’s sanitation program with the state government is the largest program of ADS and it is well known for effective linkages with the public health system and SHG strengthening. It was conceived in 1999 with active support of CARE India and became a partner of Freedom from Hunger and Freedom from Hunger India Trust in 2014. Through this partnership, ADS has reached 2,000 SHGs (women’s savings and credit groups) with health education in WASH, Nutrition and Anemia prevention. Bandhan Konnagar (Bandhan) Bandhan Konnagar (BK) is a not-for-profit entity registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act 1961. Its main thrust is to alleviate poverty and help bring about women’s empowerment. It was founded in 2001 as a pro-poor organization, catering to more than 1 million households across 11 states. Bandhan Konnagar offers an entire suite of development programs in the areas of education, health, securing of livelihood, market linkage, skill development and financial literacy – all focused on turning the lives of the underprivileged around. In 2007, BK started its health initiatives in collaboration with Freedom from Hunger and at present its operation spreads to 7 states. It has reached out to more than 1 million households mainly with mother and child health care issues besides water and sanitation. At present, in partnership with Freedom from Hunger India Trust, Bandhan Konnagar is implementing a project called ‘Safe Motherhood Initiative through Linkages and Education (SMILE)’ where the study on `Prevent anemia for better health’ was conducted. Grameen Foundation Grameen Foundation is a global nonprofit organization that helps the world’s poorest people achieve their full potential by providing access to essential financial services and information on health and agriculture that can transform their lives. In 2016, Grameen Foundation and the global nonprofit Freedom from Hunger decided to join forces under the banner of Grameen Foundation. The integration of the two organizations brings together Grameen Foundation’s expertise in digital innovation to end poverty and Freedom from Hunger’s focus on providing the world’s poorest women with self-help tools to reduce hunger and poverty. Grameen Foundation is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with offices in the U.S., Asia, Africa, and Latin America. For more information, please visit www.grameenfoundation.org or follow us on Twitter: @GrameenFdn. Freedom from Hunger India Trust Established in 2012, Freedom from Hunger India Trust (FFHIT) is an independent Indian non-profit organization based in New Delhi with an office in West Bengal. The technical staff of FFHIT oversee health, nutrition, financial inclusion, vulnerable youth and savings group methodologies, and provide expert advice on leamer-centered curriculum design. FFHIT’s goal is to achieve nutrition and food security, reduce poverty and improve economic and social status of poor and marginalized women and their families through increased integration of financial services with other essential services such as health, nutrition and livelihood opportunities. FFHIT is also an active member of National Coalition of Food and Nutrition Security. RESULTS Educational Fund RESULTS Educational Fund (a US-based nonprofit 501(c)(3)) is an advocacy organization working in the United States and around the world on projects focused on three key pillars in the fight to end poverty: 1) health, 2) education, and 3) economic opportunity. RESULTS Educational Fund performs cutting-edge research and oversight in these three areas; educates and mobilizes the public, policymakers, and the media; and supports powerful citizenship by training volunteers in public speaking, generating media, and educating their communities and elected officials on issues of poverty. In May 2016, the Microcredit Grameen Foundation //// 2 Summit Campaign merged its structure and operations with those of its parent organization, RESULTS Educational Fund. For more information, please see www.results.org. Community of Practice for Health and Microfinance The Community of Practice for Health and Microfinance (COPHAM) in India is an experiment to bring together stakeholders in the health and microfinance sectors to promote universal healthcare coverage. COPHAM members learn from each others' experience and create strategic partnerships to leverage their complementary strengths. The COPHAM is facilitated in collaboration by RESULTS Educational Fund, the ACTION global health advocacy partnership, Freedom from Hunger India Trust, and Grameen Foundation. Aikyatan Development Society (ADS) and Bandhan, whose data is presented in this report, are both active members of the COPHAM. For more information, please see https://sites.google.com/view/cop-india/home. ©2017 Grameen Foundation USA. All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work or part of it in any form or by electronics, or other means not known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying, recording, and in any information storage, transmission or retrieval system, including CD ROM, online or via the Internet, is forbidden without the written permission of Grameen Foundation. Grameen Foundation //// 3 Acknowledgements We’d like to thank the staff of Aikyatan Development Society (ADS) and Bandhan for their collaboration in the data collection for the assessment described in this report as well as their impressive implementation of the anemia education. In particular, we’d like to thank Dr. Uttam Ghosh, Trideep Roy and Subhadip Roy of Bandhan along with the Community Health Organizers and Area Coordinators at the field level where the study was conducted. From ADS, we’d like to thank Sudhir Dutta, the block coordinators, and all field staff. We’d also like to thank our colleagues Dr. Soumitra Dutta and Saraswathi Rao of Freedom from Hunger India Trust, Cassie Chandler and Gabriela Salvador of Grameen Foundation, and Sabina Rogers and Dr. DSK Rao of RESULTS Education Fund for their support of this project and review and input into this report. We would also like to voice our appreciation for Johnson & Johnson for supporting this project through an educational grant. Finally, this program and this assessment would not be possible without the collaboration and participation of the self-help group members and community members who participated in the sessions on anemia and gave their precious time during this assessment. Grameen Foundation //// 4 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 Anemia Prevalence in West Bengal and Jharkhand ................................................................. 6 Maa aur Shishu Swasthya Program ......................................................................................... 7 Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Anemia Knowledge .................................................................................................................. 9 Anemia Behaviors ................................................................................................................... 11 Food security Status .............................................................................................................. 13 Discussion and Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 14 Annex: Data Table for Bandhan and ADS Client Responses ..................................................... 16 Grameen Foundation //// 5 Introduction Anemia Prevalence in West Bengal and Jharkhand Anemia prevalence in West Bengal and Jharkhand, two eastern states in India, has not improved over the last 10 years despite economic growth across India. This marks a disconnect between economic growth and nutrition. In West Bengal, for example, 2005–2006 anemia rates for all women estimated for the 2005–06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) remained constant through the 2015–2016 NFHS, particularly for rural areas. The same dynamic describes the state of anemia in Jharkhand. Men in both states have almost half the anemia rate compared to women of the same age range, with children experiencing anemia at rates similar to their mothers. Table 1 outlines the anemia rates for children, women, and men for the 2015–2016 and 2005–2006 reporting periods. TABLE 1: ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN WEST BENGAL AND JHARKHAND West Bengal Jharkhand NFHS- 3 NFHS-3 NFHS-4 (2015–16) NFHS-4 (2015–16) (2005– (2005–06) 06) West N. 24 Bardd- Pakur Jharkhand West Bengal State Bengal Jharkhand State Pargan- haman Dist. State
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