Report of the Second Universal Meeting of National Committees on International Humanitarian Law Geneva, 19–21 March 2007
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Report of the Second Universal Meeting of National Committees on International Humanitarian Law Geneva, 19–21 March 2007 IHL Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law Legal Measures and Mechanisms to Prevent Disappearances, to Establish the Fate of Missing Persons, and to Assist Their Families International Committee of the Red Cross 19 Avenue de la Paix 1202 Geneva, Switzerland T + 41 22 734 60 01 F + 41 22 733 20 57 E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org © ICRC, September 2007 Report of the Second Universal Meeting of National Committees on International Humanitarian Law Geneva, 19–21 March 2007 IHL Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law Legal Measures and Mechanisms to Prevent Disappearances, to Establish the Fate of Missing Persons, and to Assist Their Families Prepared by: María Teresa Dutli and Noreen Majeed 3 CONTENTS Presentation of the report 9 PART I Meeting of representatives of National Committees on International Humanitarian Law 15 CHAPTER 1 Overview of developments of National Committees in domestic implementation of international humanitarian law 17 A. Welcome to the Second Universal Meeting of National IHL Committees 19 • Opening statement — Mr. Jacques Forster, Vice-President, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 19 • Objectives and organization of the meeting — Mr. Stéphane J. Hankins, Legal Adviser, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 22 B. Recent advancements in IHL implementation by National Committees 25 • Operational challenges for the ICRC as a neutral and independent humanitarian organization — Mr. Balthasar Staehelin, Deputy Director of Operations, ICRC 25 • Recent developments in the field of international humanitarian law and current challenges to its implementation — Mr. Philip Spoerri, Director for International Law and Cooperation within the Movement, ICRC 33 • Overview of successes and achievements of National Committees in domestic implementation of international humanitarian law since the First Universal Meeting in 2002 — Ms. María Teresa Dutli, Head of the Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 45 4 REPORT OF THE SECOND UNIVERSAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES ON IHL CHAPTER 2 Developments of National IHL Committees 53 A. Modalities of operation and working methods of National Committees 55 • Salvador — Mr José Zamora, Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Member of the National Committee on IHL 55 • United Kingdom — Mr. Christopher Whomersley, Deputy Legal Adviser, Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Chair of the Interdepartmental Committee for IHL 61 • Madagascar — Ms. Liliane Rasendra Arivony, Head of International Relations, Ministry of Justice, Chair of the National Committee on IHL 61 B. Regional dynamics and synergies among National Committees 66 • Egypt — Mr. Mohamed Abdel Wahed, Judge, Ministry of Justice, Member of the National Committee on IHL 66 • Finland — Ms. Irma Ertman, General Director of the Legal Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Chair of the National Committee on IHL 69 C. Working Groups: Session I — Discussing regional dynamics and synergies among National Committees on IHL 73 D. Cooperation with regional organizations 78 • Organization of American States — Mr. John Wilson, Legal Adviser, International Law Department 78 • League of Arab States — Mr. Abdel Rahim Al Awadi, General Secretary of the National Committee of the United Arab Emirates 88 • European Union — Ms. Christiane Hoehn, Administrator, Transatlantic Relations, DGE IV, EU Council 90 CONTENTS 5 CHAPTER 3 Addressing the phenomenon of missing persons 97 3.1 Overview of the phenomenon and legal concerns of the missing 99 • Addressing the phenomenon of missing persons: a major challenge in international law and practice — Ms. Renée Zellweger-Monin, Deputy Head of the Central Tracing Agency and Protection Division, ICRC 99 • Missing persons: legal requirements under international humanitarian law and related treaties — Ms. Louise Doswald-Beck, Professor of International Law, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Director, University Centre for IHL, Geneva 104 • Institutional and legal implications: what can a National Committee do at the domestic level to prevent people from going missing? — Mr. Stéphane J. Hankins, Legal Adviser, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 107 3.2 Legal and practical measures 109 A. Legal and practical measures to be taken in peacetime to comply with obligations under international humanitarian law 109 • The UK experience in the establishment and operation of its National Information Bureau — Lieutenant-Colonel Nick Larkin, Director of the UK National Information Bureau 109 • The process of establishment of the Belgian National Information Bureau — Mr. Yves Durieux, Adviser on the Law of Armed Conflict, General Staff of Defence of Belgium, Member of the National IHL Committee 116 B. Working Groups: Session II — Establishing a national action plan on Theme I: Legal and practical measures to be taken in peacetime to comply with obligations under international humanitarian law 118 6 REPORT OF THE SECOND UNIVERSAL MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEES ON IHL 3.3 Other regulatory measures 123 A. Other legal and practical measures relating to the missing and their families 123 • Enforced disappearance: the case of Colombia — Mr. Tomás Concha, Policy Coordinator, Presidential Programme for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, Vice-Presidency of Colombia 123 • Personal data protection in Argentine law — Ms. María Gabriela Quinteros, Diplomatic Adviser, Member of the National Committee on IHL of Argentina 128 • Assistance to families, including reparations — Mr. Zoran Perkovic, Assistant Minister for International Legal and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 • Treatment of mortal remains — Mr. Mohamed Buzubar, Assistant to the Under-Secretary of State for Defence, Member of the National IHL Committee of Kuwait 133 B. Working Groups: Session III — Establishing a national action plan on Theme II: Other legal and practical measures related to the missing and their families 137 3.4 Domestic mechanisms and organs 142 A. Domestic mechanisms and bodies to resolve cases of missing persons 142 • Transitional justice bodies to resolve cases of missing persons: how to identify the best alternative? — Ms. Dorothée Marotine, Programme Associate, International Centre for Transitional Justice, Brussels 142 • Commissions to resolve the phenomenon of missing persons: case studies — •• Kosovo: Mr. Bertrand Kern, Deputy Chair, Kosovo Working Group on Missing Persons, ICRC 146 •• Guatemala: Ms. Leslie Corzo, Member of the Presidential Committee for Humanitarian Law of Guatemala 150 CONTENTS 7 B. The right to know and the fight against impunity 155 • Dr. Anne-Marie La Rosa, Legal Adviser, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 155 • Ms. Ewa Tabeau, Demographer, Office of the Prosecutor, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia 160 CHAPTER 4 The way forward to the 30th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent 171 • Concept and organization of the 30th International Conference — Mr. Bruce Biber, Head of the Division for Cooperation within the Movement, ICRC 173 • Legal aspects on the agenda of the 30th International Conference — Mr. Jean-Philippe Lavoyer, Head of the Legal Division, ICRC 179 CHAPTER 5 Plans for the future 183 • Conclusions and recommendations — Ms. María Teresa Dutli, Head of the Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 185 • Closing statement — Mr. Jacques Forster, Vice-President, ICRC 189 PART II Tools: guiding principles/model law on the missing and country fact sheet template 191 A. Guiding Principles/Model Law on the Missing 193 B. Country fact sheet template 289 ANNEXES 313 1. Programme 315 2. List of participants 321 3. Table of National Committees and other national bodies on International Humanitarian Law 343 9 PRESENTATION OF THE REPORT The principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) are of importance to us all. IHL remains the most effective legal framework governing the conduct of hostilities and requires an implementation at the domestic level of all States in order to be fully enforceable. At a time when armed conflicts continue to take their toll on human lives and on material means of survival, it is important to reaffirm the contribution of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and of their Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 to the protection of human dignity and the preservation of humanity in the midst of war. This body of international law has been developed specifically to allow for the legitimate security needs of States, while at the same time ensuring the protection of basic rights and human dignity. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is pleased to highlight that the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 recently achieved universal acceptance. The universality of these important instruments represents a powerful argument to counter those who insist that international humanitarian law is no longer adequate to deal with contemporary situations of armed conflict. The fact that all countries in the world have today acceded to the Geneva Conventions indicates that the international community as a whole has now undertaken to respect and to ensure respect for these treaties in all circumstances. Respect for IHL is primarily the responsibility of the States that have accepted to uphold it – this in turn determines the effectiveness of its