Published by Maney Publishing (c) British Bryological Society 130 O 10.1179/1743282011Y.0000000003 DOI tLus O616 S.Eal [email protected] Email: 299, USA. Box PO 63166, Garden, MO Botanical Louis, Missouri St Zander, H R to: Correspondence nov sp. size small concern. conservation of here its taxon published a is as It of habitat. unusual been the because with has together taxon overlooked species. this fairly bryophytes, apparently floristically invasive for been examined has and well Africa agriculture South Although by among habitat endangered African Leipold- South discovered distinctive lowland a Fynbos, was the Sand tville in level made genus collections bryophyte the taxon Another at Pottiaceae. mosses, distinct family the the among in novelties particularly evolutionary continues Africa reveal South to of Region Floristic Cape The Keywords: 1 Zander H Richard erratum an and for Africa, South from (Bryophyta) Picobryum ß e genus, new A Africa South ylne e ellsbeircaglsmdaie ad medialiter magnae, brevi-rectangulas cellulas distales per basales hyalinae, cellulae atque 1–2(–3); lumen per bifidae medianae vel simplices homogenea; laminae paene interdum papillae praedita, distincta, complanato leniter unico interne stereidarum marginata; strato compositas costa papillosis parietibus minus 1 : 2 crassiusculis elongatis saepe cellulis e 1(–2) series leniterque vaginanti,per irregulariter basi saepe recurvata, planis, ubique altero marginibus in et incurvata latere altero valde in longitudinaliter madida interdum folia squarrosa, tantum vel carens; reflexa centrali caulis filo reagentes; longus, cm KOH 0.05 in etiam aurantiacae el;ppla ag,sml obfd – e ue;prios eaesnilyasn;capsule absent; essentially seta paroicous; of type lumen; the per for data 1–2 Locality bifid, mitrate. margins calyptra sheathing, to short-apiculate; bases papillose fynbosensis less and simple side, thick-walled, globose, one somewhat large, with cleistocarpic, on rows 1(–2) longitudinally papillae in folded strongly bordered cells; leaves weakly usually absent; and strand moist, irregularly central to throughout, when short, similar plane very somewhat squarrose stem is taxon to combination: new trait reflexed The the Africa. in South differs of but Province gametophytically Cape western the from described isuiBtnclGre,S oi,M,USA, MO, Louis, St Garden, Botanical Missouri rts rooia oit 2011 Society Bryological British ioru atomicum Picobryum lna epsla,geaie nmtranaturali materia in gregariae, perpusillae, Plantae . Acaulonopsis loer,Cnevto,Fynbos, Conservation, Allometry, ..adr&Hd.aecretdi nerratum. an in corrected are Hedd. & R.H.Zander Picobryum ..adr&Hedd., & R.H.Zander 1 e eu fPottiaceae of genus new a , er Hedderson A Terry , Ptica,Bypya,icuigoenwspecies, new one including Bryophyta), (Pottiaceae, ioru atomicum Picobryum Fgr 1). (Figure e.et gen. 2 otaee ot Africa, South Pottiaceae, , eateto oay nvriyo aeTw,Rondebosch, Town, Cape of University Botany, of Department 2 ol reddish. monly aeyprurn,sprca el lnaeboth 3–4 midleaf, elongate above papillose cells dorsally, apex, and blunt or superficial ventrally papillose, rather near or percurrent, often smooth sides these or rarely cells, sharp several both of broad, mucro on a as slightly excurrent and bulging elliptical apex and base 1; : 2 mucronate, stem; elongate sheathing and often acute these broadly cells, thick-walled, somewhat papillose with less rows 1(–2) weakly in and bordered irregularly occasionally often to above, margins papillae dentate hollow distantly laminal leaf by serrulate upper distal keeled, or entire throughout, length, weakly plane to in margins channelled mm 1.2–1.5 broadly ovate, squarrose in lamina ‘S’ or moist, an form reflexed to when transversely as but so strongly leaf leaf of of section, side side other one long- on on incurved often recurved dry, base. broadly when itudinally spreading stem and at below distal pressed common the than rhizoids thick-walled cells; more and with brownish cell cells hyaloder- hairs orange axillary and absent; of sclerodermis mis walls, layers large thickened several of weakly of cylinder cortex central cells, absent, apparently central strand rounded-pentagonal, section transverse long, gradatim mitriformis. calyptra praeditas brevi-apiculata; cleistocarpica globosa capsula crassis nulla; seta parietibus paroicae; transientes; et elongatas Plants eysal rgros ih-re n com- and light-green gregarious, small, very Syntrichia ora fBryology of Journal Stem costa o branching, not arwbtwdnn distally widening but narrow ca ioru atomicum Picobryum – el nlnt,basal length, in cells 3–5 2011 ca Acaulonopsis VOL .501cm 0.05–0.1 Leaves Syntrichia .33 NO ,is ap- .2 Published by Maney Publishing (c) British Bryological Society i-ef 2 otlscini itlprino ef 3 ayta 4 asl,priosifoecneadclpr.Saebars: Scale calyptra. and inflorescence paroicous Capsule, 14. Calyptra. 13. leaf. of portion A distal in section Costal 12. mid-leaf. 1 Figure efmdl,teet 1. : 7 to near these cells walled middle, thicker leaf and rectangular narrowly into 17–25 thin- and walled, gradually short-rectangular insertion or merging near cells, simple upper base, hollow; lumen, across sometimes per differentiated or 1–2 solid papillae usually crowded, sides, bifid, not both but on large convex strongly thickened, different little 12–15(–18) wider but absent; layer slightly strand cells 1 hydroid in of stereids, or 2 from cells cells not guide epidermis 3–4 of lumens, ventral of differentiated, rows, present, 1–2 weakly in dorsally cells absent, midleaf,stereid stereid ventrally as essentially at interpretable bands elliptical, ventrally sometimes to or costa homogeneous circular across section cells transverse of rows e,tasaetgen xteilclsirregularly cells diame- exothecial in green, (immature) transparent mm 0.4 ter, to hyaline. short-apiculate, cells sheath- lower absent. closely capsule, and enlarged ing leaves inner terminal, 5 . m –;B 1–3; mm, 0.5 one-udaet reual rhomboid, irregularly to rounded-quadrate Capsule ioru atomicum Picobryum m nwdh (3 ,wlsevenly walls 1, : 1(–3) width, in m m ie – ,gaigdsal into distally grading 1, : 2–4 wide, m 5 . m –;C 4–7; mm, 0.5 litcri,gooeadbluntly and globose cleistocarpic, –.Hbt.47 evs –.La pcs 0 efmri erbs.1.Tases eto at section Transverse 11. base. near margin Leaf 10. apices. Leaf 8–9. Leaves. 4–7. Habits. 1–3. . Paroicous 5 50 m ,81;D 8–13; m, Seta pe laminal upper . Perichaetia aa cells basal essentially 5 . m 14. mm, 0.3 ca adradHdesnPicobryum Hedderson and Zander paetyasn;anlsadprsoeteeth peristome and annulus absent. absent; apparently 35–40 quadrate, than ae’ ie,32 River, along River, Oliphant’s Ratel’s and campsites Beaverlac, between Area, road Porterville Mountains, River hants orange. (immature). lose length. itnus hsgnsfo iia eea(especially genera similar Syntrichia from genus this distinguish (Gk., stem the sectioning ue20 hltp:BL stp:M) same MO); isotype: BOL; (holotype: locality, 2001 June ytm10 System (Ital., plants MO). BOL, (paratypes: fynbos, in soil mineral clayey of ca patches and areas Type: h motn hrcesta ncombination in that characters important The h eu aerflcstemnt ieo the of size minute the reflects name genus The 0 elevation, m 300 femto Spores Calyptra ot fia etr aePoic,Olip- Province, Cape Western Africa, South ...Hdesn13964 Hedderson T.A.J. 2 rd)i h otoda r ml plants small are Pottioideae the in Brid.) 12 ;teeihtrflcstedfclyof difficulty the reflects epithet the ); , pico ora fBryology of Journal piccolo 25–32 m ndaee,wlsti,stomata thin, walls diameter, in m irt,sot,350–370 smooth, mitrate, en mle than smaller being u aia O oorreaction colour KOH Laminal 52 ml;i h International the in small; , m ...Hdesn13969a Hedderson T.A.J. 9 ndaee,wal papil- weakly diameter, in m 27 e eu fPtica rmSuhAfrica South from Pottiaceae of genus new a , 0 a ,19 S, not, u tomos 2011 05 ,23June2001 9 10 nano 0 cut). ,disturbed E, VOL .33 u larger but m min ,23 NO .2 131 Published by Maney Publishing (c) British Bryological Society adradHdesnPicobryum Hedderson and Zander 132 ora fBryology of Journal Chenia nld raecmoe frdcdseis including species, Acaulon reduced of composed are or to include related lumen) genera distinctive per however, papillae marginal many strong cells, and KOH, elongate with of colour border red series as to leaves) such (orange genera small reduction related and in stems found Such are short stegocarpic with cleistocarpic. and coupled (usually lacking, to or grading capsule, and shortened seta of i.e. peristome shortening characteristics, correlated no sporophyte is in there series reduction a Syntrichia or denticulate irregularly dentate. distantly to even grading the but cells of entire portion marginal distal often the are at papillae margins hollow leaf by irregularly serrulate the colour, 1; : 2 in to deeper elongate and somewhat smooth, thick-walled or more papillose less being border, a as differentiated bifid often to cells laminal simple marginal large, the papillae, and walls thickened cells evenly laminal with rhomboid irregularly These to lamina. subquadrate upper contribute are the that of features appearance distinctive of a suite to a genus new the with of saxicola species R.H.Zander, Georgia) South (The and America, Syntrichia Zealand, South southern (mainly New austral certain to pclt ihamtaeclpr 1 n 4in 14 trait BOL and MO. at these collections or in with (13 or literature found the short- calyptra nothing in combinations was mitrate and There 1). a Figure globose with cleistocarpic, apiculate capsule absent; seta paroicous; medially; grading cells thick-walled cells elongate, to basal short-rectangular per hyaline, 1–2 bifid, lumen; to simple large, upper papillae walls, thickened 1); Figure nearly in small, rather 12 rhomboid, of to and rounded-quadrate medially usually cells (11 sometimes laminal lumens costa cells wider epidermal 1); with Figure with cells in homogeneous (8–10 elongate somewhat often 1 : with these 2 cells, rows irregularly papillose 1(–2) often less in thick-walled, 1), bordered Figure weakly in and (8 leaf above occasion- the dentate throughout, of ally plane length margins the mm for sheathing, 1.2–1.5 broad and 1), very Figure bases in leaf (11 long, side each different on in longitudinally directions only curved usually (4–7 1), moist stem Figure when in absent; squarrose apparently to orange; reflexed strand strongly central gregarious, leaves with long, 1), cm Figure 0.05 in (1–3 sntdb adr(93,teseisof species the (1993), Zander by noted As ioru atomicum Picobryum r)R.H.Zander, ´r.) Tortula ..adr(pe aia el extremely cells laminal (upper R.H.Zander Cro)RHZne.Teeseisshare species These R.H.Zander. (Cardot) nldn uhseisas species such including , Mu r oal nntbigitrrtbeas interpretable being not in notable are l.a.(aslswtotapiculus), without (capsules ¨ll.Hal. ew lrelmnlcls.Teeare, There cells). laminal (large Hedw. ca .rubra S. 12–15 2011 e eu fPtica rmSuhAfrica South from Pottiaceae of genus new a , .robusta S. m Mt. ..adr and R.H.Zander, (Mitt.) nwdh ,wt evenly with 1, : 1 width, in m saprnl lsl related closely apparently is VOL .33 NO Ho.&Grev.) & (Hook. Hennediella .2 Syntrichia .gromschii S. Paris that S. aao hssbaiyesweei h world. the in elsewhere subfamily this in seen of parts all in taxa reduction general usual of the unlike modification specialization, some change capsules and of of reduction rates the in genera differential apparently Africa, is 2009) South what exhibit Hedderson, to & endemic 2007, Pottioideae Zander, Zander & reduction. b; of (Hedderson 2008a, rate described in recently lagged parts In that have fast sporophyte so the being of reduction such the level, at distinct generic Pottioideae reduced mediated other have of may speciation Africa, South same to This unique an Africa. pressure, South in from pressure selective evolved extreme rapidly taxon immediate reduced strongly sntyteiettog ayseisocri arid in that occur be species well might many It though lands. evident yet reversibility) not no is (assuming series reduction a because certainly sporophytes. with immature ascertained the be of cannot because genus new the of as wall capsule the aspect of opacity the Although capsules, transparent same has 1999) During the & much (Zander a Lindb. has with and elongate merging somewhat cells, papillose, commonly less of margins, border indistinct the with that up leaves cells basal reach trichostomoid and cells its laminal upper in multipapillose differs genus, Africa, reduced ern much described Neophoenix recently A swollen and often costa). lamina, multipapillose), concave (strongly thin-walled, R.H.Zander cells KOH), to nal reaction red deep Phascopsis with lamina lumen, per thin-walled), aecpue u h pruu suuulyfltand flat eperisto- unusually umbonate. and is merely operculum seta the short but capsule, a capsule. mate has the R.H.Zander & around Hedd. circles in cells, medial fragmenting elongate retains but capsule cleistocarpic operculum. conic Vrolijkheidia a retains but peristome reduced and Ludorugbya h dniiso esrdcdgnr rseisof species or genera of that reduced to ancestral less floristic morphology of identities indicate with perhaps the and Africa, the South associated to of unique 1994; analysis changes to pressures in valuable (Niklas, similar prove evolutionary may analysis species 1980) Sweet, to allometric key Comparative A plant Picobryum the then rhizautoicous. plane, if in denticu- or is distally recurved red not either are are clear but margins late are leaf rather the leaves and evolutionarily KOH, the the apiculus, apically lacking conservative is short, that spheric, capsule the cleistocarpic entirely a in has but similar leaves recurved quite superficially is Syntrichia Syntrichia sgvnb adr&Hdesn(2009). Hedderson & Zander by given is ..tn csamsie pe lami- upper massive, (costa I.G.Stone ..adr&Du & R.H.Zander ed ..adrhsasotseta short a has R.H.Zander & Hedd. a evee safil eettaxon recent fairly a as viewed be may Microbryum ed ..adrhsaglobose a has R.H.Zander & Hedd. Acaulonopsis netri epnet some to response in ancestor Picobryum cip ppla several (papillae Schimp. rn,as rmsouth- from also ¨ring, ..adr&Hedd. & R.H.Zander Picobryum sa extremely an is Neophoenix . Aschisma Algaria Stonea Published by Maney Publishing (c) British Bryological Society edro 64,16057a 16049, Hedderson MO). isotype: m, 1300 h rpitr fBaelcfrpriso to permission for Beaverlac of the for proprietors thank also Eckel We the Patricia diagnosis. Latin to the ever, and illustrations as grateful, are We Acknowledgements 20 32 Matjiesfontein, farm the Calvinia, on Sutherland, and are: Sutherland data between label given corrected The was Type: published. is 2009) number as collection correct Hedderson, actual the although & incorrectly, (Zander Hedd. of type Erratum: receive. currently they than protection more merit units vegetation these fynbos lowland that necessary) reserves were more (if private 2006). evidence additional or Rutherford, & not statutory is (Mucina either it remainder, in the growing area of represented portion a its large aliens a of over invasive 55% threat and with transformed endangered, already is Leipoldtville Fynbos lowland Although threat. Sand many severe protected, under are well types associated are those mountains, especially with units, fynbos most 2006). While Rutherford, & Mucina follow types Fynbos (vegetation Sand Leipoldtville of section River Oliphant’s u the in is genus the for locality known only The 30 9 19.2 ot fia otenCp rvne R354 Province, Cape Northern Africa, South ...Hdesn16061 Hedderson T.A.J. ndetnl h oaiydsrpinfrthe for description locality the Inadvertently cuoossfynbosensis Acaulonopsis 0 ,setrd lyysi nRoggeveld, in soil clayey sheltered, E, Paratypes: BL MO). (BOL, aelocality, same Picobryum hltp:BOL, (holotype: ca ..adr& R.H.Zander 2k from km 32 u 12 provides 9 58.6 T.A.J. 0 S, adradHdesnPicobryum Hedderson and Zander ..adr&Hedd., & Changes: R.H.Zander Hedd., and & R.H.Zander Additions National provided The The Taxonomic Africa facilities. and South extensive of funding. Town their Foundation Cape Research of of use University M for the and den field the access edro,TA adr ..2008a. R.H. Zander, & T.A. Hedderson, adr ..&Hdesn ..2009. T.A. Hedderson, & R.H. Zander, edro,TA adr ..2007. R.H. Zander, & T.A. Hedderson, References edro,TA adr ..2008b. R.H. Zander, & T.A. Hedderson, ils ..1994. K.J. Niklas, 2006. eds. M.C. Rutherford, & L. Mucina, adr ..&Drn,HJ 1999. H.J. During, & R.H. Zander, 1993. R.H. Zander, 1980. S.S. Sweet, 1 234–9. South on 31: of Comments Province Cape and Western Africa, from Pottiaceae the of Genus Ptica) e osGnsadSeisfo the from Species and Africa. Genus South of Moss Province Cape New Western Africa. a South (Pottiaceae), of Province Cape Bryology Western the bokorum 0 192–95. 30: fia eoh n Swaziland. the and Lesotho from Africa, Species and Africa. Genus South 143–6. of Moss Karoo New Succulent a (Pottiaceae), Process fia osGnsFudtruhSi isoeBank Diaspore Soil through Found Genus Analysis. Moss African Sciences. Environments. Zoologist hcg,I:Uiest fCiaoPress. Chicago of University IL: Chicago, . 9 222–7. 29: , 0 643–52. 20: , 2 1–378. 32: Ptica)aNwMs eu n pce from Species and Genus Moss New a (Pottiaceae) Taxon ora fBryology of Journal loercIfrnei Morphology. in Inference Allometric 8 657–62. 48: , ultno h ufl oit fNatural of Society Buffalo the of Bulletin ln loer:TeSaigo omand Form of Scaling The Allometry: Plant eeao h otaee osso Harsh of Mosses Pottiaceae: the of Genera e nov gen p nov sp. e eu fPtica rmSuhAfrica South from Pottiaceae of genus new a , rljhii.Junlo Bryology of Journal Vrolijkheidia. Neophoenix sor oaia Gar- Botanical issouri Strelitzia . .; Acaulonopsis ioru atomicum Picobryum rljhii circumscissa Vrolijkheidia ora fBryology of Journal 2011 h eeaino South of Vegetation The 9 1–807. 19: , ora fBryology of Journal uoubaspring- Ludorugbya Ptica) New a (Pottiaceae), lai nataliae Algaria VOL e Moss New a , Picobryum .33 ora of Journal American 30: , NO .2 , , 133