Horizontes Pedagógicos E Pianísticos Nas Escritas Autobiográficas De Magda Tagliaferro

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Horizontes Pedagógicos E Pianísticos Nas Escritas Autobiográficas De Magda Tagliaferro e - I S S N 1 9 8 4 - 7 2 3 8 Horizontes pedagógicos e pianísticos nas escritas autobiográficas de Magda Tagliaferro Resumo No presente artigo, aborda-se a trajetória pedagógica e musical de Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga Magdalena Tagliaferro, artista que idealizou e implantou no Brasil, Monti juntamente com Gustavo Capanema, o Curso Público de Doutor em Educação pela Interpretação Pianística. Com base no livro autobiográfico Universidade do Estado do Rio denominado Quase tudo, busca-se analisar a relevância da sua de Janeiro – UERJ – Brasil formação e os desdobramentos de seu trânsito entre o Brasil e a [email protected] França, como também, as contribuições desta professora na consolidação da performance musical impressionista ao piano, estilo que influenciou muitos jovens brasileiros estudantes de música. Nesta perspectiva, percebe-se que, ao atravessar o Oceano Atlântico, a pianista estabelecia intercâmbios de conhecimentos didáticos, pedagógicos, musicais e técnicos interpretativos, promovendo a circularidade do saber entre os dois países. Palavras-chave: Educação-História; Tagliaferro, Magdalena; Autobiografia; Viagens pedagógicas. Para citar este artigo: MONTI, Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga. Horizontes pedagógicos e pianísticos nas escritas autobiográficas de Magda Tagliaferro. Revista Linhas. Florianópolis, v. 16, n. 32, p. 150 – 171, set./dez. 2015. DOI: 10.5965/1984723816322015150 http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/1984723816322015150 Revista Linhas. Florianópolis, v. 16, n. 32, p. 150 – 171, set./dez. 2015. p.150 Linhas Educational and pianistic horizons in the autobiographical writings of Magda Tagliaferro This article deals with the pedagogical and musical trajectory of Magdalena Tagliaferro, an artist who idealised and implemented, along with Gustavo Capanema, the Public Course of pianistic interpretation in Brazil. Based on the autobiographical book called Almost everything (Quase Tudo), I seek to analyse the relevance of their training and the ramifications of its transit between Brazil and France, as well as the contributions of this teacher towards the consolidation of impressionist musical performance on the piano, something which influenced many young Brazilian music students. In connection to this, it is clear that upon crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the pianist engaged in exchanges of didactic, pedagogical, musical and interpretive-technical knowledge, promoting the circularity of awareness between the two countries. Keywords: Education-History; Tagliaferro, Magdalena; Autobiography; Pedagogical travel. Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga Monti p.151 Horizontes pedagógicos e pianísticos nas escritas autobiográficas de Magda Tagliaferro Linhas Guardo minhas forças para a música e o amor. Magda Tagliaferro1 A epígrafe deste artigo é a frase que a professora de piano Magdalena Tagliaferro, em relato divulgado no documentário O mundo dentro de um piano (2004), falava quando se levantava da cadeira de rodas, no minuto que era abordada por admiradores, fãs e amigos nos aeroportos. Sempre estava com a sua peruca de cabelos ruivos. Na década de 1980, com mais de noventa anos, a concertista manteve-se transeunte pelos aeroportos do mundo afora e do Brasil adentro. Em sua longevidade, cruzar o Atlântico foi uma prática constante, seja para realizar turnês de recitais e concertos, para buscar novos conhecimentos pedagógicos, aprimoramento técnico-interpretativo, ou ainda, para transmiti-los em diferentes conservatórios no exterior e no Brasil por meio do Curso Público de Interpretação Pianística, que idealizou juntamente com Gustavo Capanema. Instigado por essa frase, escrevo neste texto algumas reflexões sobre as viagens pedagógicas de Magdalena Tagliaferro. Isso a partir da deixa da sua fala emblemática nos aeroportos, que aborda os dois temas que fomentavam as suas viagens: a música e o amor. Aspectos que, quem sabe, podem tê-la permitido gozar a longevidade com a lucidez e com as energias necessárias para tocar piano até o final dos seus dias. Dentre os seus escritos, para analisar as viagens da pianista, utilizo como principal fonte documental a autobiografia intitulada “Quase tudo... Memórias de Magdalena Tagliaferro”, traduzida por Maria Lúcia Pinho, publicada em 1979, pela Editora Nova Fronteira. Interrogo esse documento com as seguintes questões: como Magdalena foi direcionada e motivada a estudar na França? Como as experiências artísticas e pedagógicas nas viagens a Paris marcaram a vida da artista? Após seu retorno ao Brasil, quais foram os desdobramentos do seu saber musical e docente no país? 1 Relato de Magda Tagliaferro no Programa Jogo da Verdade. São Paulo: TV Cultura, 1986 disponível no documentário O mundo dentro de um piano (2004). Revista Linhas. Florianópolis, v. 16, n. 32, p. 150 – 171, set./dez. 2015. p.152 Linhas O livro autobiográfico da artista foi originalmente escrito em francês, idioma que a instrumentista dominava desde sua infância. Apesar de ter nascido no estado do Rio de Janeiro, na Cidade Imperial de Petrópolis, em 19 de janeiro de 1893, e morrido na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, capital do estado, em nove de setembro de 1986, seus pais não eram brasileiros. O Casal Tagliaferro era originário da França e, no seio da família, na maior parte do tempo, falavam a língua materna. A utilização da língua românica na intimidade familiar, como também nas viagens a Paris, faz-me pensar que escrever as memórias em francês foi uma estratégia de Magdalena para retomar suas memórias pedagógicas e musicais, já que, muitas das vezes, as lembranças do ser humano estão vinculadas à afetividade, aos pontos de referências que existem fora dele. Como no caso da infância da pianista muitas vivências familiares foram em francês, acredito que escrever na língua utilizada no lar dos Tagliaferro era uma maneira da concertista fomentar a memória e trazer à tona as cenas, os sons do seu passado, os episódios, as aulas de outrora que constituíram o seu imaginário. Ainda sobre este aspecto, a escolha da pianista pelo francês nas escritas autobiográficas parece-me, por um lado, demonstrar que pensava em guardar suas memórias para o público da França, por outro lado, pode-se depreender também que pretendia apresentar aos brasileiros a sua erudição e o seu trânsito fluente na cultura francesa. Isso porque, como destacou Artières, “o arquivamento do eu é uma prática de construção de si mesmo” (ARTIÈRES, 1998, p. 11), para a própria pessoa e para o outro. Assim, no momento em que se pensa nos leitores, nos alunos, no legado dessa escrita, há uma seleção de dados e informações que são arranjados e podem ser harmonizados com uma intenção explícita ou inconsciente. Como explica Bourdieu (2006), o registro (auto)biográfico é um palco onde acontece a encenação de papéis sociais multifacetados, por onde transitam em diferentes temporalidades, as quais o autor ao escrever precisa arrumar e organizar para tornar a sua narrativa coerente. No caso das memórias de Madalena, a seleção e a autocensura são escritas logo no título do livro, com as palavras que anunciam as restrições - “Quase tudo...”. Chamada que torna o texto instigante e provoca certa erótica em torno das viagens, práticas decorrentes da carreira de Tagliaferro como pianista e professora, uma vez que suas Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga Monti p.153 Horizontes pedagógicos e pianísticos nas escritas autobiográficas de Magda Tagliaferro Linhas turnês musicais e pedagógicas eram bastante conhecidas pela comunidade que acompanhava a música de concerto no Brasil e na França. Logo nas primeiras páginas do livro, há também expressões que de algum modo insinuam a mesma intencionalidade. A pianista dedicou o livro aos seus amantes “de longe ou de perto” (TAGLIAFERRO, 1979, p. 6). Além disso, nos primeiros parágrafos do corpo do livro, a artista demonstra consciência dos arranjos necessários para a publicação de sua autobiografia em forma de livro ao escrever: Por que não comecei, há mais tempo, a pôr em ordem estas lembranças? Pudor, sem dúvida. Nada me parece mais delicado do que condensar sobre uma folha de papel o que trazemos oculto na mente e guardado bem fundo no coração, abrigo secreto de olhares alheios. Quando penso em contar tudo, toda a verdade, será que poderia fazer sem risco de magoar – quem sabe – até mesmo a um desconhecido? (TAGLIAFERRO, 1979, p. 7) Ao mesmo tempo, Magdalena Tagliaferro, com essas palavras, demonstra em alguma medida pudor, fomenta a curiosidade dos seus leitores, seus alunos e torna o texto sedutor. Pois, conforme o pensamento de Araújo, a escrita que prende a atenção dos olhos de muitos é um mapa que confunde o próprio território, perto das confissões da vida íntima, “sob o viés do erotismo que se entreabre” (ARAÚJO, 2012, p. 1). Sendo assim, de maneira bastante atraente, da margem europeia do Atlântico, os rastros das histórias relacionadas ao ensino da música surgem nas linhas que contam as proximidades da brasileira com o seu principal orientador do Conservatório de Paris, o professor Alfred Cortot, um dos interpretes mais conhecido do século XX, principalmente pela qualidade da performance de peças do período romântico e do estilo impressionista. Por um lado, o da margem americana do Atlântico, as viagens de Magdalena são um tema relevante no campo da História da Educação. Isso, na medida em que pode trazer à baila como o impressionismo na música foi divulgado entre os pianistas brasileiros. Por outro lado, o da margem europeia do Oceano, o estudo é importante por iluminar a trajetória da artista no Conservatório Nacional de Paris, berço da música impressionista.
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