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Halophilic Microorganisms Are Responsible for the Rosy Discolouration of Saline Environments in Three Historical Buildings with Mural Paintings
Halophilic Microorganisms Are Responsible for the Rosy Discolouration of Saline Environments in Three Historical Buildings with Mural Paintings Jo¨ rg D. Ettenauer1*, Valme Jurado2, Guadalupe Pin˜ ar1, Ana Z. Miller2,3, Markus Santner4, Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez2, Katja Sterflinger1 1 VIBT-BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria, 2 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS- CSIC, Sevilla, Spain, 3 CEPGIST/CERENA, Instituto Superior Te´cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 4 Bundesdenkmalamt, Abteilung fu¨r Konservierung und Restaurierung, Vienna, Austria Abstract A number of mural paintings and building materials from monuments located in central and south Europe are characterized by the presence of an intriguing rosy discolouration phenomenon. Although some similarities were observed among the bacterial and archaeal microbiota detected in these monuments, their origin and nature is still unknown. In order to get a complete overview of this biodeterioration process, we investigated the microbial communities in saline environments causing the rosy discolouration of mural paintings in three Austrian historical buildings using a combination of culture- dependent and -independent techniques as well as microscopic techniques. The bacterial communities were dominated by halophilic members of Actinobacteria, mainly of the genus Rubrobacter. Representatives of the Archaea were also detected with the predominating genera Halobacterium, Halococcus and Halalkalicoccus. Furthermore, halophilic bacterial strains, mainly of the phylum Firmicutes, could be retrieved from two monuments using special culture media. Inoculation of building materials (limestone and gypsum plaster) with selected isolates reproduced the unaesthetic rosy effect and biodeterioration in the laboratory. Citation: Ettenauer JD, Jurado V, Pin˜ar G, Miller AZ, Santner M, et al. -
Isolation and Diversity of Sediment Bacteria in The
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Isolation and Diversity of Sediment Bacteria in the 2 Hypersaline Aiding Lake, China 3 4 Tong-Wei Guan, Yi-Jin Lin, Meng-Ying Ou, Ke-Bao Chen 5 6 7 Institute of Microbiology, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China. 8 9 Author for correspondence: 10 Tong-Wei Guan 11 Tel/Fax: +86 028 87720552 12 E-mail: [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638304; this version posted May 14, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 29 Abstract A total of 343 bacteria from sediment samples of Aiding Lake, China, were isolated using 30 nine different media with 5% or 15% (w/v) NaCl. The number of species and genera of bacteria recovered 31 from the different media significantly varied, indicating the need to optimize the isolation conditions. 32 The results showed an unexpected level of bacterial diversity, with four phyla (Firmicutes, 33 Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Rhodothermaeota), fourteen orders (Actinopolysporales, 34 Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Balneolales, Chromatiales, Glycomycetales, Jiangellales, Micrococcales, 35 Micromonosporales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudonocardiales, Rhizobiales, Streptomycetales, and 36 Streptosporangiales), including 17 families, 41 genera, and 71 species. -
Molecular and Phenetic Characterization of the Bacterial
MOLECULAR AND PHENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BACTERIAL ASSEMBLAGE OF BASQUE LAKE, BC, AN ENVIRONMENT WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE, AND ITS RELEVANCE TO MARS A Thesis by James Deven Crisler Bachelor of General Studies, Wichita State University, 2011 Bachelor of Science, Wichita State University, 2010 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science May 2017 © Copyright 2017 by James Crisler All Rights Reserved MOLECULAR AND PHENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BACTERIAL ASSEMBALAGE OF BASQUE LAKE, BC, AN ENVIRONMENT WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE AND ITS RELEVANCE TO MARS The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ______________________________________ Mark Schneegurt, Committee Chair ______________________________________ Mary Liz Jameson, Committee Member ______________________________________ Janet Twomey, Committee Member iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to Dr. Mark Schneegurt for his eternal patience and continuous guidance and support over the years. I would like to thank Tim Eberl, Casper Fredsgaard and Amer Alsoudi for all their help and friendship over the years. I would also like to thank Justin Campbell and Jonathan Wilks for all their help in the lab and the endless support through trying times. Finally, I would like to especially thank my Mom for all her love, support and encouragement throughout my life regardless of the circumstances. -
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Facultad De Ciencias Doctorado En Ciencias Biológicas Análisis Comparativo De La Expresión D
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS DE Tistlia consotensis EN RESPUESTA A CAMBIOS EN LA SALINIDAD EXTERNA CAROLINA RUBIANO LABRADOR TESIS Presentada como requisito parcial para optar por el titulo de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Bogotá D.C., Colombia Junio 09 de 2014 NOTA DE ADVERTENCIA "La Universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por sus alumnos en sus trabajos de tesis. Solo velará por que no se publique nada contrario al dogma y a la moral católica y por que las tesis no contengan ataques personales contra persona alguna, antes bien se vea en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia". Artículo 23 de la Resolución No13 de Julio de 1946. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS DE Tistlia consotensis EN RESPUESTA A CAMBIOS EN LA SALINIDAD EXTERNA CAROLINA RUBIANO LABRADOR APROBADO: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA EXPRESIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS DE Tistlia consotensis EN RESPUESTA A CAMBIOS EN LA SALINIDAD EXTERNA CAROLINA RUBIANO LABRADOR Concepción Judith Puerta Bula, Ph.D Alba Alicia Trespalacios Rangel, Ph.D Decana Director de Posgrado Facultad de Ciencias Facultad de Ciencias El mundo no es perfecto, y la ley está incompleta. El intercambio equivalente no abarca todo lo que ocurre aquí, pero todavía quiero creer en su principio: Que todas las cosas llegan a un precio, que hay un flujo, un ciclo. Que el dolor que hemos pasado tendrá una recompensa y que cualquiera que sea perseverante obtendrá algo hermoso a cambio, aunque no sea lo esperado AGRADECIMIENTOS A la Unidad de Saneamiento y Biotecnología Ambiental (USBA) de la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana que permitió el desarrollo de este proyecto. -
Doctoral Thesis
Doctoral Thesis A Study on the Microbial Community Structure, Diversity and Function in the Sea Surface Microlayer (海表面マイクロレイヤーにおける微生物群集構造・多様 性・機能に関する研究) 黄淑郡 Wong Shu Kuan i Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo. 2015 Supervisors: 1. Prof. Kazuhiro Kogure Department of Natural Environmental Studies Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo 2. Assoc. Prof. Koji Hamasaki Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Thesis committees: 3. Prof. Kojima Shigeaki 4. Prof. Inoue Koji 5. Prof. Uematsu Mitsuo ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This PhD research would not have been possible without the direct or indirect help and encouragement of inspiring and brilliant individuals and groups. Therefore, I would like to take the opportunity to extend my heartfelt gratitude, in particular, to: My supervisors, Prof Kazuhiro Kogure and Assoc. Prof. Hamasaki Koji for their support, constructive criticisms and continuous guidance throughout the course of my study. For giving me so much opportunities to improve my knowledge and to extend my networking in this field by encouraging me to present my work at various national and international conferences. Members from Team Hamasaki – Kaneko Ryo, Yingshun Cui and Suzuki Shotaro - who had so kindly to volunteer their time and energy to help me in all the samplings at Misaki. For pulling through very early morning samplings or the endless filtration and sample preservation steps till late night and for their advice during or weekly progress meetings. -
133 What Does “NO-Synthase” Stand for ? Jerome Santolini1 1Institute For
[Frontiers In Bioscience, Landmark, 24, 133-171, Jan 1, 2019] What does “NO-Synthase” stand for ? Jerome Santolini1 1Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Distribution of NOS 3.1.Mammalian NOSs as exclusive NO-synthase models 3.2. Emergence of a new family of proteins 3.3. Prokaryotes, Eubacteria and Archae 3.4. Eukaryotes: fungi and plants 3.5. Metazoan 4. A new and heterogeneous family of proteines 4.1. The impasse of standard phylogenetic analysis 4.2. A singular versatile enzyme 4.2.1. NOS function 4.2.2. Instability of NOS activity and function 4.2.3. Overlaps of NOS activity 4.2.4. Multiplicity of NOS 4.2.5. What does NOS stand for? 4.3. The necessity of an original approach 5. Diversity of NOS structures 5.1. A variable assembly of multiple modules 5.2. Existence of other types of NOSs 5.3. Types of NOSs are not uniform within a simple phylogenetic group 5.4. Strong disparities in the structure of oxygenase domains 5.4.1. Basal metazoans 5.4.2. Plants 5.4.3. Cyanobacteria 6. Discussion: Diversity of functions 6.1. A Name is not a function 6.2. A Structure is not a function 6.2.1. A built-in versatile catalysis 6.2.2. A highly-sensitive chemical system 6.2.3. Electron transfer (ET) as a major NOS fingerprint 6.3. An Activity is not a function 6.3.1. -
16S Rrna Gene Sequence Analysis of Halophilic and Halotolerant Bacteria Isolated from a Hypersaline Pond in Sichuan, China
Ann Microbiol (2011) 61:375–381 DOI 10.1007/s13213-010-0137-x SHORT COMMUNICATION 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from a hypersaline pond in Sichuan, China Jie Tang & Ai-ping Zheng & Eden S. P. Bromfield & Jun Zhu & Shuang-cheng Li & Shi-quan Wang & Qi-ming Deng & Ping Li Received: 12 April 2010 /Accepted: 27 September 2010 /Published online: 22 October 2010 # Springer-Verlag and the University of Milan 2010 Abstract One hundred and twenty bacterial isolates were Keywords Bacteria . Salt tolerance . Hypersaline . obtained from a hypersaline pond (c. 22% salinity) in Sichuan, China . 16S rRNA genes China. Bacteria were isolated from hypersaline water, sediment and soil samples using three culture media and an incubation temperature of 37°C. Of these isolates, 47 were Introduction selected and examined by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and by tests of salt tolerance. The phyloge- Hypersaline environments are defined as those in which salt netic analysis placed the 47 bacterial isolates either in the concentrations exceed that of seawater (Grant 2004). They phylum Firmicutes or in the class Gammaproteobacteria and include artificial and naturally occurring solar salterns in arid showed that they were affiliated with the genera Salimi- areas such as hypersaline lakes and the Dead Sea, crobium, Halalkalibacillus, Virgibacillus, Alkalibacillus, underground brines originating from marine evaporite Marinococcus, Halobacillus, Halomonas, Idiomarina, Chro- deposits, hypersaline soils, and brines in deep ocean zones. mohalobacter and Halovibrio. All tested isolates were either Because water availability is limited by high salt concentra- halophilic or halotolerant and several were capable of growth tion, hypersaline environments are considered to be extreme in the presence of 30% (w/v) NaCl.