DOCSLIB.ORG

Cancer Survivorship)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cancer Survivorship) Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Clinical Cancer Research The Journal of Clinical and Translational Research AACR Cancer Progress Report 2013 Making Research Count for Patients: A Continual Pursuit Please cite this report as: American Association for Cancer Research. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2013. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(Supplement 1):S1–S98 www.cancerprogressreport.org • www.aacr.org Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 1, 2021. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Table of Contents AACR Cancer Progress Report Writing Committee ....................................................................................................................S4 A Message from the AACR ..........................................................................................................................................................S6 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................................S8 A Snapshot of a Year of Progress .............................................................................................................................................S11 The Status of Cancer in 2013 ....................................................................................................................................................S12 Definitive Progress has Been Made Against Cancer ...............................................................................................S12 Even in the Face of Progress, Cancer Remains a Significant Problem ...................................................................S13 Cancer: An Expensive Disease. Biomedical Research: A Wise Investment ............................................................S17 What is Cancer? .........................................................................................................................................................................S18 The Origins of Cancer ...............................................................................................................................................S18 The Genetic Basis of Cancer .......................................................................................................................S21 Beyond Genetics: The Role of Epigenetics...................................................................................................S23 Outside Influences ..................................................................................................................................................S25 The Immune System...................................................................................................................................S25 Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Networks .......................................................................................................S26 Developing Cancer ..................................................................................................................................................S27 Prevention and Early Detection .................................................................................................................................................S28 Healthy Living Can Prevent Cancer ..........................................................................................................................S28 Eliminating High-Risk Activities ..................................................................................................................S29 Tobacco Use and Cancer ...........................................................................................................S29 Outdoor and Indoor Tanning and Cancer ....................................................................................S32 Cancer-associated Infectious Agents ..........................................................................................................S33 Energy Balance: Weighing in on Cancer ......................................................................................................S34 Obesity and Cancer ....................................................................................................................S35 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer .........................................................................................S36 Physical Activity and Cancer ......................................................................................................S36 Looking for Cancer: Who, When, and Where ...........................................................................................................S37 Classifying Risk ..........................................................................................................................................S38 Prevention and Early Detection of Primary Tumors .....................................................................S38 Prevention and Detection of Tumor Recurrence..........................................................................S43 Making Research Count for Patients: A Continual Pursuit ......................................................................................................S45 Special Feature on Immunotherapy: Decades of Research Now Yielding Results for Patients ............................S48 Releasing the Brakes on the Immune System .............................................................................................S48 Boosting the Killing Power of the Immune System ......................................................................................S53 S2 Clinical Cancer Research Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 1, 2021. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Flagging Cancer Cells for the Immune System ............................................................................................S55 Molecularly Targeted Therapies ...............................................................................................................................S57 A Direct Hit: Targeting Chemotherapy to Breast Cancer ..............................................................................S57 Blocking Tumor Sustenance .......................................................................................................................S59 Lessons Learned from CML ........................................................................................................................S60 Two Drugs: One Cancer-driving Pathway ....................................................................................................S63 Helping Some Lung Cancer Patients Breathe Easier ....................................................................................S63 Closing RANK on a Rare Bone Tumor ..........................................................................................................S65 Technology Advances for Patient Benefit ................................................................................................................S65 Nanotechnology: Tiny Technologies Make a Big Impact ..............................................................................S65 Mapping Cancer’s Escape Route ................................................................................................................S65 Clear Images with Lower Radiation Doses ..................................................................................................S67 Seeing the Wood Through the Trees: Improving Breast Cancer Detection ....................................................S67 Genomic Medicine ..................................................................................................................................................S67 On the Horizons .........................................................................................................................................................................S73 The Near Horizon .......................................................................................................................................................S73 The Distant Horizon ..................................................................................................................................................S74 What is Required for Continued Progress Against Cancer? ....................................................................................................S75 Advancing Regulatory Science and Policy ..............................................................................................................S75 Engaging Patients in Clinical Research ...................................................................................................................S76 Integrating Research and Patient Care ....................................................................................................................S77 Improving Biospecimen Repositories ......................................................................................................................S77 Cultivating a Highly Skilled and Diverse Cancer Research Workforce ...................................................................S77 Funding Cancer Research and Biomedical Science Drives Progress ......................................................................................S79
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Improved Tumor Vascularization After Anti-VEGF Therapy with Carboplatin and Nab-Paclitaxel Associates with Survival in Lung Cancer
    Improved tumor vascularization after anti-VEGF therapy with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel associates with survival in lung cancer Rebecca S. Heista,1,2, Dan G. Dudab,1, Dushyant V. Sahanic,1, Marek Ancukiewiczb, Panos Fidiasd, Lecia V. Sequista, Jennifer S. Temela, Alice T. Shawa, Nathan A. Pennelle, Joel W. Nealf, Leena Gandhig, Thomas J. Lynchh, Jeffrey A. Engelmana, and Rakesh K. Jainb,2 Departments of aMedicine, bRadiation Oncology, and cRadiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; dDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity, Phoenix, AZ 85013; eDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; fDepartment of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University/Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94305; gDepartment of Adult Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115; and hDepartment of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520 Contributed by Rakesh K. Jain, December 16, 2014 (sent for review November 18, 2014; reviewed by Elisabeth G. E. De Vries and Daniel Von Hoff) Addition of anti-VEGF antibody therapy to standard chemothera- tumors (3). However, this effect would eventually lead to both pies has improved survival and is an accepted standard of care for decreased drug delivery (and hence treatment resistance) and advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mech- increased tumor hypoxia (a major driver of tumor progression) anisms by which anti-VEGF therapy increases survival remain un- (4). Another potential mechanism of antiangiogenic therapy is clear. We evaluated dynamic CT-based vascular parameters and plasma cytokines after bevacizumab alone and after bevacizumab Significance plus chemotherapy with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel in ad- vanced NSCLC patients to explore potential biomarkers of treat- A better mechanistic understanding of the survival benefits ment response and resistance to this regimen.
    [Show full text]
  • Harnessing the Immune System to Prevent Cancer: Basic Immunologic Mechanisms & Their Application to Clinical Trials of Vaccines Part 2: the Vaccines Barbara K
    Harnessing the Immune System to Prevent Cancer: Basic Immunologic Mechanisms & Their Application to Clinical Trials of Vaccines Part 2: The Vaccines Barbara K. Dunn NCI/Division of Cancer Prevention August 3, 2020 Harnessing the Immune System to Prevent Cancer: Basic Immunologic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches that are Relevant to Cancer Prevention I. Basic immunologic mechanisms II. Application to prevention & treatment of cancer 1. Antibodies: as drugs 2. Vaccines: general principles & your vaccine trials & more… I) Vaccines to prevent cancers caused by infectious agents II) Vaccines to prevent non-infection associated cancer (directed toward tumor associated antigens) Harnessing the Immune System to Prevent Cancer: Basic Immunologic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches that are Relevant to Cancer Prevention I. Basic immunologic mechanisms II. Application to prevention & treatment of cancer 1. Antibodies: as drugs “passive immunity” 2. Vaccines: general principles & your vaccine trials & more… I) Vaccines to prevent cancers caused by infectious agents “active II) Vaccines to prevent immunity” non-infection associated cancer (directed toward tumor associated antigens) Harnessing the Immune System to Prevent Cancer: Basic Immunologic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches that are Relevant to Cancer Prevention I. Basic immunologic mechanisms II. Application to prevention & treatment of cancer 1. Antibodies:Focus as on drugs the Antigen “passive !immunity” 2. Vaccines: general principles & your vaccine trials & more… I) Vaccines
    [Show full text]
  • The Tangible Effects of COVID-19 in Latin American Countries Boletín Del Colegio Mexicano De UROLOGIA´
    Care and management in Urology oncology: The tangible effects of COVID-19 in Latin American countries Boletín del Colegio Mexicano de UROLOGIA´ BOLETÍN DEL COLEGIO MEXICANO DE UROLOGÍA, Vol. 36, año 2021, es una revista de publicación continua editada por el Colegio Mexicano de Urología Nacional, A.C., Montecito No. 38, Piso 33, Oficina 32, Col. Nápoles, C.P. 03810 CDMX, México. Tel. directo: (01-55) 9000-8053. http://www.cmu.org.mx Director: Dr. Héctor Berea Domínguez, Editor responsable: Dr. Erick Sierra Díaz, Co-Editores: Dr. Israel Presteguín Rosas, Dr. Rafael Sandoval Gómez, Asistente editorial: Lic. Angélica M. Arévalo Zacarías. Reservas de Derechos al Uso Exclusivo del título (04-2011-12081034400-106). ISNN: (0187-4829). Licitud de Título Núm. 016. Licitud de Contenido Núm. 008, de fecha 15 de agosto de 1979, ambos otorgados por la Comisión Clasifica- dora de Publicaciones y Revistas Ilustradas de la Secretaría de Gobernación. Los conceptos vertidos en los artículos publicados en este Bletín son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores, y no reflejan necesariamente el criterio de el Colegio Mexicano de Urología Nacional, A.C. Este número se terminó de imprimir en abril de 2021. Publicación realizada, comercializada y distribuida por Edición y Farmacia SA de CV (Nieto Editores®). Cerrada de Antonio Maceo 68, colonia Escandón, 11800 Ciudad de México. Teléfono: 5678-2811. Queda estrictamente prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de los contenidos e imágenes de la publicación sin pevia auto- rización del Colegio Mexicano de Urología Nacional, A.C. Mesa Directiva 2019-2021 Dr. Ignacio López Caballero Presidente Dr. Héctor Raúl Vargas Zamora Vicepresidente Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Putting Into Perspective the Future of Cancer Vaccines: Targeted Immunotherapy
    Putting into Perspective the Future of Cancer Vaccines: Targeted Immunotherapy Authors: Issam Makhoul,1,2 *Thomas Kieber-Emmons2,3 1. Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA 2. Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA 3. Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA *Correspondence to [email protected] Disclosure: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Received: 11.11.19 Accepted: 12.02.20 Keywords: Cancer, cancer vaccine, checkpoint inhibitors. Citation: EMJ. 2020;5[3]:102-113. Abstract Pre-clinical models and human clinical trials have confirmed the ability of cancer vaccines to induce immune responses that are tumour-specific and, in some cases, associated with clinical response. However, cancer vaccines as a targeted immunotherapy strategy have not yet come of age. So, why the discordance after so much research has been invested in cancer vaccines? There are several reasons for this that include: limited tumour immunogenicity (limited targeted antigen expression, antigen tolerance); antigenic heterogeneity in tumours; heterogeneity of individual immune responses; multiple mechanisms associated with suppressed functional activity of immune effector cells, the underlying rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors; and immune system exhaustion. The success of checkpoint therapy has refocussed investigations into defining relationships between tumours and host immune systems, appreciating the mechanisms by which tumour cells escape immune surveillance and reinforcing recognition of the potential of vaccines in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Recent developments in cancer immunotherapies, together with associated technologies, for instance, the unparalleled achievements by immune checkpoint inhibitors and neo- antigen identification tools, may foster potential improvements in cancer vaccines for the treatment of malignancies.
    [Show full text]
  • Tolero Pharmaceuticals February 28Th, 2020 We Are Witnessing a Potential Global Health Crisis
    Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Hunting for Cures BIOUTAH 2020 Entrepreneur & Investor Summit David Bearss Ph.D. CEO Tolero Pharmaceuticals February 28th, 2020 We Are Witnessing a Potential Global Health Crisis 2 This Industry Has an Integral Role in Facing this Type of Crisis • We work in a unique industry • We strive to save millions of lives and help those suffering from disease to recover and lead more productive lives • Our industry employs millions of people who are proud to participate in this crucial endeavor • Although we are the recipients of lot of bad press (some of it deserved) the ongoing commitment of the research-based pharmaceutical industry to improve the quality of life for all of the world’s people is the driving force for those of us in this industry 3 Getting a Drug Approved is Rare and Historical • More than 800,000 people work in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States across a broad range of occupations, including scientific research, technical support, and manufacturing • Directly and indirectly, the industry supports more than 4.7 million jobs across the United States. • There are only just over 3600 FDA approved drugs for human use • Getting a new drug approved is a very rare and historical event and new drug approvals change the world 4 Just a Few Examples of Drugs that Have Changed our World 1. Penicillin 2. Insulin 3. SmallpoX vaccine 4. Morphine 5. Aspirin 6. Polio vaccine 7. Chlorpromazine or thorazine 8. Chemotherapeutic drugs 9. HIV Protease inhibitors 10. Hormonal contraception 5 In Thinking
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(3), 1363-1370
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(3), 1363-1370 Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/6806 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6806 RESEARCH ARTICLE A CRITIQUE ON CANCER VACCINE. Sambathkumar R1, Amala Baby2, Sudha M3 and Venkateswaramurthy N2. 1. Department of Pharmaceutics. 2. Department of Pharmacy Practice. 3. Department of Pharmacology J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamilnadu - 638183, India. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History The goal of a successful vaccine is to prepare the immune system for invasion of a foreign pathogen and teach them to recognize antigens as Received: 21 January 2018 well as reduce the risk of transmission. In the field of cancer, vaccines Final Accepted: 23 February 2018 are found to be the latest discovery. Provenge® (Sipuleucel-T) is the Published: March 2018 only vaccine approved by Food and Drug Administration for the Keywords:- treatment of cancer. Vaccines are an appealing therapeutic strategy Cancer vaccine, Cells, Treatment. because they are specific. In addition they stimulate the adaptive immune system, thereby producing a memory response allowing for sustained effect without repeated therapy. Revelation of a potential anticancer treatment is as yet a test to the researchers. Thus, the development of effective cancer vaccines require, thoughtful clinical trials, and scientific progress which might induce long-term specific anticancer response and could contribute to effective and lasting elimination of malignant cells. Copy Right, IJAR, 2018,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Worldwide 6.7 million deaths were reported due to cancer in 2000. But the WHO has predicted this figure to be 15 million by 2020.[1, 2] Despite great efforts to develop better therapy, in 1997 more than 6 million people worldwide died from cancer.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunological Approaches for Treatment of Advanced Stage Cancers Invariably Refractory to Drugs Talwar GP*, Jagdish C
    C al & ellu ic la n r li Im C m f u Journal of o n l o a l n o r g Talwar et al., J Clin Cell Immunol 2014, 5:4 u y o J DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000247 ISSN: 2155-9899 Clinical & Cellular Immunology Review Article Open Access Immunological Approaches for Treatment of Advanced Stage Cancers Invariably Refractory to Drugs Talwar GP*, Jagdish C. Gupta, Yogesh Kumar, Kripa N. Nand, Neha Ahlawat, Himani Garg, Kannagi Rana and Hilal Bhat Talwar Research Foundation, New Delhi, India *Corresponding author: Prof. G.P. Talwar, Talwar Research Foundation, E-8, Neb Valley Neb Sarai, New Delhi 110068, India, Tel: 91-011-65022405, 65022404; E- mail: [email protected] Received date: June 18, 2014, Accepted date: August 08, 2014, Published date: August 18, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Talwar GP, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Worldwide, deaths due to cancers are taking an increasing toll. Invariably over time cancer cells become refractory to available drugs. At this stage, the tumor is largely metastasized and not amenable to radical surgery or focal radiations. This review seeks to bring out the existence of heterogeneity of cell types in each cancer, and proposes adoption of a combined approach employing more than one therapeutic agent for a more lasting treatment. Also proposed is the use of monoclonal therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against ectopically expressed key molecules for killing of cancer cells and prevention of their multiplication.
    [Show full text]
  • Forma Therapeutics Teams with Tgen Drug Development (Td2)
    FORMA THERAPEUTICS TEAMS WITH TGEN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (TD2) Organizational synergies will create transformative cancer therapies June 19, 2012 WATERTOWN, Mass., and SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. – June 15, 2012 – FORMA Therapeutics and TGen Drug Development (TD2) today announced an agreement to jointly develop transformative cancer therapies, leveraging the synergistic capabilities of both organizations. TD2 is a subsidiary of the Phoenix-based Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), a world-renowned biomedical research institute. FORMA and TD2 also announced that Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., F.A.C.P., TGen’s Distinguished Professor and Physician-in-Chief, and Stephen Gately, Ph.D., President and Chief Scientific Officer at TD2, will serve as clinical advisors to FORMA. FORMA Therapeutics targets essential cancer pathways to create transformative, small molecule cancer therapies. Its focus on early identification of potent tool compounds helps facilitate target validation, enabling the creation of a robust pipeline of new therapies in areas such as tumor metabolism, protein-protein interactions and epigenetics. TD2’s mission is to facilitate innovative drug development and move new, targeted compounds to patients as quickly as possible. TD2 applies cutting-edge preclinical tools, streamlined and efficient regulatory processes and unique, targeted clinical trial designs and strategies. The combination of cutting-edge science, clinical development expertise and access to patients will accelerate the development of new agents for patients. “I am
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Daniel Von Hoff and Mr. John Mccray to Join Tau Therapeutics Company Adds Clinical Development and Business Development Expertise for Platform Expansion
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Andrew Krouse (434) 974-6969 [email protected] www.tautherapeutics.com Dr. Daniel Von Hoff and Mr. John McCray to Join Tau Therapeutics Company Adds Clinical Development and Business Development Expertise for Platform Expansion (Charlottesville, VA – May 1, 2014) Tau Therapeutics LLC announced two key hires for its executive management team. Daniel D. Von Hoff, M.D., F.A.C.P., will advise Tau on clinical development strategy for its platform of T-type calcium channel inhibitors, including its novel Interlaced Therapy™ approach. John McCray, M.BA, will fill the new position of Chief Business Officer. Both will contribute to the company’s goal of developing and commercializing T-type calcium channel inhibitors for treating solid tumors. Dr. Von Hoff is a recognized expert in clinical trial design, particularly in oncology. He is currently serving a six-year term on the National Cancer Advisory Board and has served on the FDA's Oncology Advisory Committee. Von Hoff is a past president of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), was on the AACR and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Board of Directors, and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians. ASCO recently named Dr. Von Hoff one of 50 Oncology Luminaries, celebrating doctors who over the past half-century have significantly advanced cancer care. Dr. Von Hoff has been integral to the development of multiple anticancer agents, including such routinely used agents as mitoxantrone, fludarabine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, irinotecan, nelarabine, capecitabine, lapatinib. He is currently Physician in Chief and Director of Translational Research at TGen (Translational Genomics Research Institute) in Phoenix, Chief Scientific Officer for US Oncology and for Scottsdale Healthcare's Clinical Research Institute, and Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Arizona.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Past and Future Strategies for Optimization
    Current Urology Reports (2019) 20:64 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-019-0931-3 PROSTATE CANCER (S PRASAD, SECTION EDITOR) Immunotherapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Past and Future Strategies for Optimization Melissa A. Reimers1 & Kathryn E. Slane1 & Russell K. Pachynski1,2,3 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review To date, prostate cancer has been poorly responsive to immunotherapy. In the current review, we summarize and discuss the current literature on the use of vaccine therapy and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in metastatic castration- resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Recent Findings Sipuleucel-T currently remains the only FDA-approved immunotherapeutic agent for prostate cancer. Single- agent phase 3 vaccine trials with GVAXand PROSTVAChave failed to demonstrate survival benefit to date. Clinical trials using combination approaches, including combination PROSTVAC along with a neoantigen vaccine and checkpoint inhibitor immu- notherapy, are ongoing. Checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy clinical trials have demonstrated limited efficacy in advanced prostate cancer, and combination approaches and molecular patient selection are currently under investigation. Summary The optimal use of vaccine therapy and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains to be determined. Ongoing clinical trials will continue to inform future clinical practice. Keywords Metastatic prostate cancer . Castration resistance . Immunotherapy . Vaccines . Checkpoint inhibitors . Neoantigen vaccine Introduction particular rapidity within the last two decades. In 2000, James Allison, Tasuku Honjo, and colleagues demonstrated Prostate cancer remains the second most common cause of an immune response in the prostate tumors of transgenic mice death among men in the USA, with an additional estimated treated with a combination anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte- 15,891 cases of metastatic prostate cancer by 2025 [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • AHRQ Healthcare Horizon Scanning System – Status Update Horizon
    AHRQ Healthcare Horizon Scanning System – Status Update Horizon Scanning Status Update: April 2015 Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 www.ahrq.gov Contract No. HHSA290-2010-00006-C Prepared by: ECRI Institute 5200 Butler Pike Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 April 2015 Statement of Funding and Purpose This report incorporates data collected during implementation of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Horizon Scanning System by ECRI Institute under contract to AHRQ, Rockville, MD (Contract No. HHSA290-2010-00006-C). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its content, and do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. No statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. A novel intervention may not appear in this report simply because the System has not yet detected it. The list of novel interventions in the Horizon Scanning Status Update Report will change over time as new information is collected. This should not be construed as either endorsements or rejections of specific interventions. As topics are entered into the System, individual target technology reports are developed for those that appear to be closer to diffusion into practice in the United States. A representative from AHRQ served as a Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative and provided input during the implementation of the horizon scanning system. AHRQ did not directly participate in the horizon scanning, assessing the leads or topics, or provide opinions regarding potential impact of interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment Combinations with DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (Mcrpc)
    cancers Review Treatment Combinations with DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Melissa Gamat-Huber, Donghwan Jeon, Laura E. Johnson, Jena E. Moseman, Anusha Muralidhar, Hemanth K. Potluri , Ichwaku Rastogi, Ellen Wargowski, Christopher D. Zahm and Douglas G. McNeel * University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA; [email protected] (M.G.-H.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (L.E.J.); [email protected] (J.E.M.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (H.K.P.); [email protected] (I.R.); [email protected] (E.W.); [email protected] (C.D.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-608-263-4198 Received: 28 August 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 30 September 2020 Simple Summary: The only vaccine approved by FDA as a treatment for cancer is sipuleucel-T, a therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Most investigators studying anti-tumor vaccines believe they will be most effective as parts of combination therapies, rather than used alone. Unfortunately, the cost and complexity of sipuleucel-T makes it difficult to feasibly be used in combination with many other agents. In this review article we discuss the use of DNA vaccines as a simpler vaccine approach that has demonstrated efficacy in several animal species. We discuss the use of DNA vaccines in combination with traditional treatments for mCRPC, and other immune-modulating treatments, in preclinical and early clinical trials for patients with mCRPC. Abstract: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a challenging disease to treat, with poor outcomes for patients.
    [Show full text]