Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Clinical Cancer Research The Journal of Clinical and Translational Research AACR Cancer Progress Report 2013 Making Research Count for Patients: A Continual Pursuit Please cite this report as: American Association for Cancer Research. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2013. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(Supplement 1):S1–S98 www.cancerprogressreport.org • www.aacr.org Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 1, 2021. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Table of Contents AACR Cancer Progress Report Writing Committee ....................................................................................................................S4 A Message from the AACR ..........................................................................................................................................................S6 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................................................S8 A Snapshot of a Year of Progress .............................................................................................................................................S11 The Status of Cancer in 2013 ....................................................................................................................................................S12 Definitive Progress has Been Made Against Cancer ...............................................................................................S12 Even in the Face of Progress, Cancer Remains a Significant Problem ...................................................................S13 Cancer: An Expensive Disease. Biomedical Research: A Wise Investment ............................................................S17 What is Cancer? .........................................................................................................................................................................S18 The Origins of Cancer ...............................................................................................................................................S18 The Genetic Basis of Cancer .......................................................................................................................S21 Beyond Genetics: The Role of Epigenetics...................................................................................................S23 Outside Influences ..................................................................................................................................................S25 The Immune System...................................................................................................................................S25 Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Networks .......................................................................................................S26 Developing Cancer ..................................................................................................................................................S27 Prevention and Early Detection .................................................................................................................................................S28 Healthy Living Can Prevent Cancer ..........................................................................................................................S28 Eliminating High-Risk Activities ..................................................................................................................S29 Tobacco Use and Cancer ...........................................................................................................S29 Outdoor and Indoor Tanning and Cancer ....................................................................................S32 Cancer-associated Infectious Agents ..........................................................................................................S33 Energy Balance: Weighing in on Cancer ......................................................................................................S34 Obesity and Cancer ....................................................................................................................S35 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer .........................................................................................S36 Physical Activity and Cancer ......................................................................................................S36 Looking for Cancer: Who, When, and Where ...........................................................................................................S37 Classifying Risk ..........................................................................................................................................S38 Prevention and Early Detection of Primary Tumors .....................................................................S38 Prevention and Detection of Tumor Recurrence..........................................................................S43 Making Research Count for Patients: A Continual Pursuit ......................................................................................................S45 Special Feature on Immunotherapy: Decades of Research Now Yielding Results for Patients ............................S48 Releasing the Brakes on the Immune System .............................................................................................S48 Boosting the Killing Power of the Immune System ......................................................................................S53 S2 Clinical Cancer Research Downloaded from clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on October 1, 2021. © 2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst September 16, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2107 Flagging Cancer Cells for the Immune System ............................................................................................S55 Molecularly Targeted Therapies ...............................................................................................................................S57 A Direct Hit: Targeting Chemotherapy to Breast Cancer ..............................................................................S57 Blocking Tumor Sustenance .......................................................................................................................S59 Lessons Learned from CML ........................................................................................................................S60 Two Drugs: One Cancer-driving Pathway ....................................................................................................S63 Helping Some Lung Cancer Patients Breathe Easier ....................................................................................S63 Closing RANK on a Rare Bone Tumor ..........................................................................................................S65 Technology Advances for Patient Benefit ................................................................................................................S65 Nanotechnology: Tiny Technologies Make a Big Impact ..............................................................................S65 Mapping Cancer’s Escape Route ................................................................................................................S65 Clear Images with Lower Radiation Doses ..................................................................................................S67 Seeing the Wood Through the Trees: Improving Breast Cancer Detection ....................................................S67 Genomic Medicine ..................................................................................................................................................S67 On the Horizons .........................................................................................................................................................................S73 The Near Horizon .......................................................................................................................................................S73 The Distant Horizon ..................................................................................................................................................S74 What is Required for Continued Progress Against Cancer? ....................................................................................................S75 Advancing Regulatory Science and Policy ..............................................................................................................S75 Engaging Patients in Clinical Research ...................................................................................................................S76 Integrating Research and Patient Care ....................................................................................................................S77 Improving Biospecimen Repositories ......................................................................................................................S77 Cultivating a Highly Skilled and Diverse Cancer Research Workforce ...................................................................S77 Funding Cancer Research and Biomedical Science Drives Progress ......................................................................................S79