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FAST.Farm User's Guide and Theory Manual

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FAST.Farm User's Guide and Theory Manual FAST.Farm User’s Guide and Theory Manual Jason Jonkman and Kelsey Shaler National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5000-78485 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC April 2021 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 FAST.Farm User’s Guide and Theory Manual Jason Jonkman and Kelsey Shaler National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Jonkman, Jason, and Kelsey Shaler. 2021. FAST.Farm User’s Guide and Theory Manual. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5000-78785. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/78485.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-5000-78485 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC April 2021 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind Energy Technologies Office. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (clockwise, left to right) NREL 51934, NREL 45897, NREL 42160, NREL 45891, NREL 48097, NREL 46526. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments This work was authored by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind Energy Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Nomenclature ABLSolver atmospheric boundary layer solver AWAE ambient wind and array effects (module) a( r ) axial induction factor, distributed radially aK coherence decrement parameter BEM blade-element momentum bK coherence offset parameter O OY x xY C , C , C , and C calibrated parameters in the horizontal wake-deflection correction HWkDfl HWkDfl HWkDfl HWkDfl cmax maximum blade chord length CMeander calibrated parameter for wake meandering CNearWake calibrated parameter in the near-wake correction CWakeDiam calibrated parameter in the wake-diameter calculation DMax DMin Exp FMin C , C , C , and C calibrated parameters in the eddy-viscosity filter function for n Amb n Amb n Amb n Amb ambient turbulence DMax DMin Exp FMin C , C , C , and C calibrated parameters in the eddy-viscosity filter function for the n Shr n Shr n Shr n Shr wake shear layer AzimAvg FiltAzimAvg Ct (r ) and Ct (r ) azimuthally averaged thrust-force coefficient (normal to a rotor disk), distributed radially, and its low-pass time-filtered value Cohi; j magnitude of partial coherence between points i and j DLL dynamic-link library DWM dynamic wake meandering DGrid Assumed rotor diameter when generating TurbSim inflow Rotor Filt Rotor D and D rotor diameter and its low-pass time-filtered value at wake plane np np Wake D wake diameter at wake plane np np FLORIS FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady state f frequency fc cutoff (corner) frequency of the low-pass time filter ~ fnb (r ) aerodynamic applied loads distributed radially per unit length for blade nb fmax maximum excitation frequency Fn Amb(x) eddy-viscosity filter function associated with ambient turbulence Fn Shr(x) eddy-viscosity filter function associated with the wake shear layer HFM high-fidelity modeling HPC high-performance computer I three-by-three identify matrix K velocity components u, v, and w kn Amb calibrated parameter for the influence of ambient turbulence in the eddy viscosity kn Shr calibrated parameter for the influence of the wake shear layer in the eddy viscosity LES large-eddy simulation MFoR moving frame of reference MPI message-passing interface NaN not a number NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory N and n number of discrete-time steps and discrete-time-step counter Nb and nb number of rotor blades and blade counter Polar Polar N and n number of points in the polar grid of wake plane np and point np counter Wake Wake N and n number of wakes overlapping a given wind data point in the wind v This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. domain and wake counter NP and nP number of wake planes and wake-plane counter Nr and nr number of radial nodes and radii counter Nt and nt number of wind turbines and turbine counter OF OpenFAST (module) OpenMP open multiprocessing Hub ~p global position of a rotor center Plane ~p global position of the center of wake plane np np RAM random-access memory RSS root-sum-squared Plane r and r radius in the axisymmetric coordinate system Plane rˆ radial unit vector in the axisymmetric coordinate system S global X -, Y -, and Z -coordinate SC super controller (module) SOWFA Simulator fOr Wind Farm Applications t simulation time Filt TIAmb and TIAmb ambient turbulence intensity of the wind at a rotor and its low-pass np time-filtered value for wake plane np d u discrete-time inputs VAdvect advection speed of the synthetic wind data ~ High V ambient wind across a high-resolution wind domain Amb around a turbine ~ Low V ambient wind across a low-resolution wind domain throughout the Amb wind farm ~ High V disturbed wind across a high-resolution wind domain Dist around a turbine ~ Low V disturbed wind across a low-resolution wind domain throughout the Dist wind farm VHub mean hub-height wind speed ~ Plane Filt~ Plane V and V advection, deflection, and meandering velocity and its low-pass np np time-filtered value of wake plane np Vr radial velocity in the axisymmetric coordinate system Wake Vr (r ) radial wake-velocity deficit at wake plane np, distributed radially np VTK Visualization Toolkit DiskAvg Rel FiltDiskAvg Rel V and V rotor-disk-averaged relative wind speed (ambient plus wakes of x x neighboring turbines plus turbine motion), normal to the disk, and its low-pass time-filtered value Vx axial velocity in the axisymmetric coordinate system Wake Vx (r ) axial wake-velocity deficit at wake plane np, distributed radially np DiskAvg Wind FiltDiskAvg Wind V and V rotor-disk-averaged ambient wind speed, normal to the disk, and its x x np low-pass time-filtered value at wake plane np Wind wnWind weighting in the spatial averaging for wind data point n WD wake dynamics (module) WISDEM Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model Plane x and x downwind distance from a rotor to wake plane np in the np axisymmetric coordinate system X , Y , and Z inertial-frame coordinates, with Z directed vertically upward, opposite gravity, X directed horizontally nominally downwind (along the zero-degree wind direction), and Y directed horizontally transversely vi This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Xˆ , Yˆ , and Zˆ unit vectors of the inertial-frame coordinate system, parallel to the X, Y, and X coordinates d x discrete-time states d X ( ) discrete-time state functions Disk xˆ orientation of a rotor centerline Plane xˆ orientation of wake plane np np d y discrete-time outputs d Y ( ) discrete-time output functions zbot bottom vertical location of synthetic turbulence inflow grid a low-pass time-filter parameter Dt discrete time step (increment) YawErr Filt YawErr g and g nacelle-yaw error of a rotor and its low-pass time-filtered value at np wake plane np nT eddy viscosity r air density 2D two dimensional 3D three dimensional vii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contents 1 Introduction . 4 1.1 FAST.Farm Driver . 4 1.2 Super Controller Module . 6 1.3 OpenFAST Module . 6 1.4 Wake Dynamics Module . 6 1.5 Ambient Wind and Array Effects Module . 9 1.6 FAST.Farm Parallelization . 10 1.7 Organization of the Guide . 11 2 Running FAST.Farm . 12 2.1 Downloading the FAST.Farm Software . 12 2.2 Compiling FAST.Farm Software . 12 2.2.1 Windows Machine Using Visual Studio . 12 2.2.2 Mac or Linux Machine Using CMake . 12 2.3 Running FAST.Farm Software . 12 2.3.1 Windows Machine . 12 2.3.2 Mac or Linux Machine . 13 3 Input Files .
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