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List of Successful Candidates
11 - LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES CONSTITUENCY WINNER PARTY Andhra Pradesh 1 Nagarkurnool Dr. Manda Jagannath INC 2 Nalgonda Gutha Sukender Reddy INC 3 Bhongir Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy INC 4 Warangal Rajaiah Siricilla INC 5 Mahabubabad P. Balram INC 6 Khammam Nama Nageswara Rao TDP 7 Aruku Kishore Chandra Suryanarayana INC Deo Vyricherla 8 Srikakulam Killi Krupa Rani INC 9 Vizianagaram Jhansi Lakshmi Botcha INC 10 Visakhapatnam Daggubati Purandeswari INC 11 Anakapalli Sabbam Hari INC 12 Kakinada M.M.Pallamraju INC 13 Amalapuram G.V.Harsha Kumar INC 14 Rajahmundry Aruna Kumar Vundavalli INC 15 Narsapuram Bapiraju Kanumuru INC 16 Eluru Kavuri Sambasiva Rao INC 17 Machilipatnam Konakalla Narayana Rao TDP 18 Vijayawada Lagadapati Raja Gopal INC 19 Guntur Rayapati Sambasiva Rao INC 20 Narasaraopet Modugula Venugopala Reddy TDP 21 Bapatla Panabaka Lakshmi INC 22 Ongole Magunta Srinivasulu Reddy INC 23 Nandyal S.P.Y.Reddy INC 24 Kurnool Kotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy INC 25 Anantapur Anantha Venkata Rami Reddy INC 26 Hindupur Kristappa Nimmala TDP 27 Kadapa Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy INC 28 Nellore Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy INC 29 Tirupati Chinta Mohan INC 30 Rajampet Annayyagari Sai Prathap INC 31 Chittoor Naramalli Sivaprasad TDP 32 Adilabad Rathod Ramesh TDP 33 Peddapalle Dr.G.Vivekanand INC 34 Karimnagar Ponnam Prabhakar INC 35 Nizamabad Madhu Yaskhi Goud INC 36 Zahirabad Suresh Kumar Shetkar INC 37 Medak Vijaya Shanthi .M TRS 38 Malkajgiri Sarvey Sathyanarayana INC 39 Secundrabad Anjan Kumar Yadav M INC 40 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 41 Chelvella Jaipal Reddy Sudini INC 1 GENERAL ELECTIONS,INDIA 2009 LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE CONSTITUENCY WINNER PARTY Andhra Pradesh 42 Mahbubnagar K. -
Question Bank Semester VI TYBA Political Science Paper 6- Determinants of Politics of Maharashtra
Question Bank Semester VI TYBA Political Science Paper 6- Determinants of Politics of Maharashtra 1. The relationship between business class and politics exist: A) Even before independence B) Only after independence C) Only after 1970s D) Only after 1990s 2. The link of the Indian chamber of commerce with the Indian National Congress data back to: A) 1940 B) 1920 C) 1930 D) 1907 3. Which of the following business house had intimate relationship with congress in the pre-independence days? A) Birla B) Ambani C) Adani D) Pendharkar 4. One of the highly industrialized state of India is : A) West Bengal B) Bihar C) Manipur D) Maharashtra 5. The commercial capital of India is: A) Delhi B) Mumbai C) Bangalore D) Kokatta 6. Which of the following state is famous for sugar factories? A) Manipur B) Maharashtra C) Bihar D) Tamil Nadu 7. The business class is regarded as which of the following? A) Religious interest gr B) Social interest gr C) Institutional interest gr. D) Cultural interest gr. 8. The interface between politics and business began to develop with A) First 5 year plan B) Second 5 year plan C) Third 5 year plan D) Fourth 5 year plan 9. After independence this plan was heavily industry oriented A) First plan B) Second plan C) Third plan D) Fourth plan 10. The association of business class are called as A) Forum of commerce B) Platform of commerce C) Congress of commerce D) Chambers of commerce 11. The Bombay Chamber of Commerce was organised on as early as in A) 1836 B) 1818 C) 1840 D) 1850 12. -
Day 1- 15Th November' 2018- Thursday from to 09:00 AM 10:00
Day 1- 15th November’ 2018- Thursday From To 09:00 AM 10:00 AM Registration 10:00 AM 12:35 PM Inaugural Session 10:00 AM 10:20 AM Arrival of Chief Guest Sh. Shivraj Patil, Former Home Minister and Governor of Punjab & Lighting of Lamp 10:20 AM 10:30 AM Presided by : Sh. Ashok Prasad, IPS (Retd) Former Secretary (IS-MHA), Technical Advisor & Spokesperson MHA. Guests of Honour:- 1. Sh. Vivek Bhardwaj, IAS, Joint Secretary–MHA. 2. Sh Amrit Abhijat, IAS, Joint Secretary-MOHUA 3. Sh. Ashit Mohan Prasad, I.PS, DGP Internal Security Division, Karnataka, 4. Sh. R. N. Dhoke, IPS-ADGP (Security) Punjab. 5. Sh. Anand Kumar, IPS - ADG (Law & Order) U.P. 6. Sh. Anil Khaitan, Former President, PHDCCI. 10:30 AM 10:45AM Welcome address by Kunwar Vikram Singh, Chairman 10:45 AM 11:00 AM Address by Sh. Ashok Prasad IPS (Retd) Technical Advisor & Spokesperson MHA 11:00 AM 11:15 AM Address by Sh Amrit Abhijat, IAS, Joint Secretary-MOHUA 11:15 AM 11:35 AM Address by Sh. Vivek Bhardwaj, IAS, JS-PM –MHA. 11:35 AM 11:40 AM CAPSI Suraksha Shaurya Puruskar Awarded Posthumously to Late Security Guard Sh. Bishambar Singh Citation 11:40 AM 12.10 PM Inaugural Address by Sh. Shivraj Patil, Former Home Minister and Governor Punjab 12.10 PM 12:30 PM Presentation of Mementos and Awards 12:30 PM 12:35 PM Vote of Thanks by Sh. Vishwanath V Katti, President CAPSI. 12:35 PM 12:50 PM Tea Break 12:50 PM to 1:55 PM - Working Session 1 12:50 PM 1:10 PM GST Imposition – Survival of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises of Security Sector- A National Challenge. -
Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Candidate List.Xlsx
List of All Maharashtra Candidates Lok Sabha Vidhan Sabha BJP Shiv Sena Congress NCP MNS Others Special Notes Constituency Constituency Vishram Padam, (Raju Jaiswal) Aaditya Thackeray (Sunil (BSP), Adv. Mitesh Varshney, Sunil Rane, Smita Shinde, Sachin Ahir, Ashish Coastal road (kolis), BDD chawls (MHADA Dr. Suresh Mane Vijay Kudtarkar, Gautam Gaikwad (VBA), 1 Mumbai South Worli Ambekar, Arjun Chemburkar, Kishori rules changed to allow forced eviction), No (Kiran Pawaskar) Sanjay Jamdar Prateep Hawaldar (PJP), Milind Meghe Pednekar, Snehalata ICU nearby, Markets for selling products. Kamble (National Peoples Ambekar) Party), Santosh Bansode Sewri Jetty construction as it is in a Uday Phanasekar (Manoj Vijay Jadhav (BSP), Narayan dicapitated state, Shortage of doctors at Ajay Choudhary (Dagdu Santosh Nalaode, 2 Shivadi Shalaka Salvi Jamsutkar, Smita Nandkumar Katkar Ghagare (CPI), Chandrakant the Sewri GTB hospital, Protection of Sakpal, Sachin Ahir) Bala Nandgaonkar Choudhari) Desai (CPI) coastal habitat and flamingo's in the area, Mumbai Trans Harbor Link construction. Waris Pathan (AIMIM), Geeta Illegal buildings, building collapses in Madhu Chavan, Yamini Jadhav (Yashwant Madhukar Chavan 3 Byculla Sanjay Naik Gawli (ABS), Rais Shaikh (SP), chawls, protests by residents of Nagpada Shaina NC Jadhav, Sachin Ahir) (Anna) Pravin Pawar (BSP) against BMC building demolitions Abhat Kathale (NYP), Arjun Adv. Archit Jaykar, Swing vote, residents unhappy with Arvind Dudhwadkar, Heera Devasi (Susieben Jadhav (BHAMPA), Vishal 4 Malabar Hill Mangal -
Mail Today, Newmail Delhi Today, / Chandigarh, New Delhi, Monday, December 2, 2019 PICTURE for REPRESENTATION Continued from Page 1 Hours
https://twitter.com/mail_today https://facebook.com/mailtoday NEW DELHI, Monday, December 2, 2019 www.mailtoday.in / www.mailonline.in Vol. 13 No. 17| Pages 32| ` 5.00 Airtel & Voda Idea PREPARING hike pre-paid tariffs, THE PITCH Jio ups rates by 40% Longer stint for Ganguly? SEE PAGE 24 BCCI will seekSC nod 3 MINORS CRASH SCOOTER for diluting tenure cap SEE PAGE 4 SEE PAGE 28 IN OLD DELHI, ARE DEAD DELHI REALITY CHECK POST HYDERABAD HORROR Lack of police patrolling, desolate stretches & authorities passing the buck keep women unsafe even 7 years after Delhi gang rape COPCRUNCH, Female-led films don’t get the same financial backing as those headlined by male superstars, complains actor Katrina Kaif. UNLITROADS ‘Women-led films don’t get big budgets’ PUTWOMEN SEE PAGE 18 CAPT WARNS OF‘PAK PLOT’ Punjab CM said Pakistan minister’s disclosure that Kartarpur Corridor was the brainchild of its Army Chief AP ATHIGHRISKBy Chayyanika Nigam General Bajwa exposed its charred body was in New Delhi found 25 km away in nefarious intent. A veterinary doctor an underpass. was gang-raped, A terrible truth is that this could have very well hap- killed and burnt in pened in the National Cap- REPORT Hyderabad on ital. Even seven years after Wednesday night. the Munirka gang rape, ON PAGE safety of women (or lack of THREE The horror unfolded it) continues to be a huge on the city’s Outer question-mark in Delhi. There are 2,000 dark and des- Ring Road next to a olate stretches in the Capital – toll booth where identified by Delhi Police – there were no street which are considered too dan- gerous for women to venture lights. -
1 SL No State PC No PC Name PC Type BJP INC TRS
SL State PC No PC Name PC BJP INC TRS AIMIM No Type 1 Telangana 1 Adilabad ST Soyam Babu Rao Ramesh Rathod Godam Nagesh 2 Telangana 2 Peddapalle SC S. Kumar A.Chandra Sekhar Borlakunta Venkatesh Nethani 3 Telangana 3 Karimnagar GEN Bandi Sanjay Ponnam Prabhakar Boinapalli Vinod Kumar 4 Telangana 4 Nizamabad GEN D. Aravind MADHU YASHKI GOUD Kalvakuntla Kavitha 5 Telangana 5 Zahirabad GEN Banala Laxma Reddy K.Madan Mohan Rao Bheemrao Basanthrao Patil 6 Telangana 6 Medak GEN Raghunanadan Rao Gali Anil Kumar Kotha Prabhakar Reddy 7 Telangana 7 Malkajgiri GEN N Ramchandra Rao A. Revanth Reddy Marri Rajashekar Reddy 8 Telangana 8 Secunderabad GEN G Kishan Reddy M. ANJAN KUMAR YADAV Talasani Saikiran Yadav 9 Telangana 9 Hyderabad GEN Dr. Bhagwanth Rao FIROZ KHAN Asaduddin Owaisi 10 Telangana 10 Chevella GEN B. Janardhan Reddy Konda Vishweshwar Reddy G Ranjith Reddy 11 Telangana 11 Mahbubnagar GEN D K Aruna DR. CH. VAMSHICHAND Manne Srinivas Reddy REDDY 12 Telangana 12 Nagarkurnool SC Kum. Bangaru Shruthi DR. MALLU RAVI P Ramulu 13 Telangana 13 Nalgonda GEN Garlapati Jithender N. UTTAM KUMAR REDDY Vemireddy Narasimha Kumar Reddy 14 Telangana 14 Bhongir GEN P V Shamsunder Rao KOMATIREDDY VENKAT Boora Narsaiah Goud REDDY 15 Telangana 15 Warangal SC Chinta Sambamurthy DOMMATI SAMBAIAH Pasunuri Dayakar 16 Telangana 16 Mahabubabad ST Jatothu Hussain Naik Porika Balram Naik Malothu Kavitha 17 Telangana 17 Khammam GEN Vasudev Rao SMT. RENUKA CHOUDHARY Nama Nageswara Rao SL State PC No PC Name PC BJP INC TDP YSRCP No Type 18 Andhra Pradesh 1 Araku ST K V V Satyanarayan MS. -
Parliamentary Bulletin
RAJYA SABHA Parliamentary Bulletin PART-II Nos.: 51236-51237] WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 2013 No. 51236 Committee Co-ordination Section Meeting of the Parliamentary Forum on Youth As intimated by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, a meeting of the Parliamentary Forum on Youth on the subject ‘Youth and Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities’ will be held on Thursday, 05 September, 2013 at 1530 hrs. in Committee Room No.074, Ground Floor, Parliament Library Building, New Delhi. Shri Naman Pugalia, Public Affairs Analyst, Google India will make a presentation. 2. Members are requested to kindly make it convenient to attend the meeting. ——— No. 51237 Committee Co-ordination Section Re-constitution of the Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees (2013-2014) The Department–related Parliamentary Standing Committees have been reconstituted w.e.f. 31st August, 2013 as follows: - Committee on Commerce RAJYA SABHA 1. Shri Birendra Prasad Baishya 2. Shri K.N. Balagopal 3. Shri P. Bhattacharya 4. Shri Shadi Lal Batra 2 5. Shri Vijay Jawaharlal Darda 6. Shri Prem Chand Gupta 7. Shri Ishwarlal Shankarlal Jain 8. Shri Shanta Kumar 9. Dr. Vijay Mallya 10. Shri Rangasayee Ramakrishna LOK SABHA 11. Shri J.P. Agarwal 12. Shri G.S. Basavaraj 13. Shri Kuldeep Bishnoi 14. Shri C.M. Chang 15. Shri Jayant Chaudhary 16. Shri K.P. Dhanapalan 17. Shri Shivaram Gouda 18. Shri Sk. Saidul Haque 19. Shri S. R. Jeyadurai 20. Shri Nalin Kumar Kateel 21. Shrimati Putul Kumari 22. Shri P. Lingam 23. Shri Baijayant ‘Jay’ Panda 24. Shri Kadir Rana 25. Shri Nama Nageswara Rao 26. Shri Vishnu Dev Sai 27. -
Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs Lok Sabha
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 149 TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 24TH FEBAURY, 2015/PHALGUNA 5, 1936 (SAKA) THREAT OF TERRORIST ATTACKS 149. SHRI RAJVEER SINGH (RAJU BAAIYA): DR. SHRIKANT EKNATH SHINDE: SHRI JYOTIRADITYA M. SCINDIA: SHRI P.R. SUNDARAM: SHRI NANA PATOLE: KUNWAR HARIBANSH SINGH: SHRIMATI K. MARAGATHAM: SHRI M. RAJA MOHAN REDDY: DR. SANJAY JAISWAL: SHRI GAJANAN KIRTIKAR: SHRI ASHOK SHANKARRAO CHAVAN: SHRI RAM CHARITRA NISHAD: Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government is aware of a possible threat arising out of the newly created wing of Al-Qaeda which aims to convert the Indian subcontinent into an Islamic State; (b) if so, the details thereof and thereaction of the Government thereto; (c) whether there are any inputs to suggest hijacking of aircrafts, terrorist attacks on schools, temples, ports and cities in the country; and (d) if so, the details thereof and the steps taken by the Government to thwart such attacks in the country particularly on schools? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI HARIBHAI PARATHIBHAI CHAUDHARY) (a) & (b): Yes, Madam. A video was uploaded on 3.9.2014 on internet, in which Al-Qaeda leader Ayman Al-Zawahiri announced ......2/- -: 2 :- L.S.U.S.Q. NO. 149 FOR 24.02.2015 the establishment of a new wing of Al-Qaeda, namely, Al-Qaeda in Indian subcontinent (AQIS). The stated aim of this organization is to establish shariah law and raise the flag of jihad across the Indian subcontinent. -
Chandigarh Administration on Ings Like Wedding Would Be Vate Hospitals on Cost-To-Cost Elected Representative, Damag- Were Pelted on Sunday
. E' - )9,F # ,9,F F (*&2(-34 & !!&/ 3&-45 $010%,2 - :, 0-O" *H 8 DI 0 :0 3 ' '-" '3 /0 00 0 H/32 B3- BHB0"2 -H "0" '3 '0 3"3 3. 2 J :"3 00' 0 H 80 B .*82 /014D ((. 454 G " # 0 5 6$ 4"7"8 "" ( $#) P O 4567 2 8 " , $ &* $ , # # ,1 , ) $ %& $#' Jaishankar will not hold bilat- ' # eral talks with his Pakistani , 9 # counterpart Shah Mehmood Qureshi on the sidelines of the !" conference. However, he will #$% meet Foreign Ministers of other &'( : O , member countries including ! 02 0 # China, sources said. ' # The main focus of the talks " ;<< , =>;5? ,@ ndia and China will discuss with Wang Yi will be to find an : ways to hasten up disen- amicable and mutually agree- #$ I gagement at the Line of Actual able solution to disengage and , Control (LAC) in Ladakh dur- de-escalate the tension at the 9 02 0 ing External Affairs Minister LAC. Jaishankar and his Chinese India has all along insisted ) % he Government on Tuesday counterpart Wang Yi’s talks in that disengagement and de- $ Tissued a fresh warning to Tajikistan on Wednesday. escalation from the three fric- the people not to invite the The bilateral parleys on the tion points is the prerequisite third wave of Covid-19 by sidelines of the two-day for normalising ties with each , # flouting all social distancing Shanghai Co-operation Incidentally, the diplomatic- other. ,# A norms and crowding at hill sta- Organisation (SCO) in level talks in the last week of However, China is dilly $ B tions and tourist places even as Dushanbe come at a time when June between India and China dallying and not agreeing to sit ' Uttarakhand cancelled the a stalemate persists at three resolved to hold the military- for the 12th round of parleys. -
8. Wardha 9. Ramtek (SC)
GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA-2019 PHASE-I LIST OF CONTESTING CANDIDATES SR NO Candidate Name Party Affilatiation Symbol Allotted 8. Wardha 1 Agrawal Shaileshkumar Premkishorji Bhahujan Samaj Party Elephant 2 Charulata Rao Tokas Indian National Congress Hand 3 Ramdas Chandrabhanji Tadas Bharatiya Janata Party Lotus 4 Ganesh Krishnrao Lade Ambekarite Party of India Coat 5 Gadhave Pravin Rameshwarrao Ambedkarist Republican Party Cup & Saucer 6 Jagdish Uddhavrao Wandkhade Bahujan Mukti Party Cot 7 Dhanraj Kothiramji Wanjari Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Whistle 8 Prof. Dnyanesh Wakudkar Lokjagar Party Mike 9 Arvind Shamrao Lillore Independent Black Board 10 Umesh Sadashivrao Neware Independent Sewing Machine 11 Zitruji Chanduji Borutkar Independent Road Roller 12 Nandkishor Ramji Sagar (More) Independent Television 13 Balpande Rajesh Marotrao Independent Almirah 14 Adv. Bhaskar Marotrao Neware Independent Battery Torch 9. Ramtek (SC) 1 Kishor Uttamrao Gagbhiye Indian National Congress Hand 2 Krupal Balaji Tumane Shiv Sena Bow and Arrow 3 Subhash Dharmdas Gajbhiye Bahujan Samaj Party Elephant 4 Archana Chandrakumar Ukey Rashtriya Jansambhawana Cauliflower Party 5 Dr. L.J. Khanhekar Pepoles Party of India Black Board (Democratic) 6 Kiran Premkumar Rodage (Patankar) Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi Cup & Saucer 7 Chandrabhan Baliram Ramteke Rashtriya Jansurajya Party Slate 8 Com.Bandu Ramchandra Meshram Communist Party of India Saw (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star 9 Dhiman Vinod Bhivaji Patil Ambedkarite Party of India Coat 10 Shailesh Sambhaji Janbandhu Socialist Unity Centre of India Battery Torch (Communist) 11 Anil Mahadeo Dhone Independent Helicopter 12 Gautam Wasnik Independent Almirah 13 Tumane Kanteshwar Khushalji Independent Bat 14 Professor Dr.Natthurao Madhavrao Independent Auto-Rickshaw Lokhande 15 Sandesh Bhioram Bhalekar Independent Cot 16 Sonali Ravindra Bagade Independent Key Page 1 of 4 SR NO Candidate Name Party Affilatiation Symbol Allotted 10. -
Volume Xl, No. 4 December, 1994 the Journal
VOLUME XL, NO. 4 DECEMBER, 1994 THE JOURNAL. OF PARLIAMENTARY INFORMATION. VOL.XL NO.4 DECEMBER 1994 CONTENTS PAGE E I R~ NOTE 483 AooRESSES Addresses at the Conferment of the Bharat Ratna Pandlt Govind Ballabh Pant Best Parliamentarian Award, 1994 on Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. MP 486 Pandlt Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Lecture by the Speaker, British House of Commons, Rt. Hon. Ms. Betty Boothroyd, MP 499 ARTICLES How to be an Effective Parliamentarian? - R.C. Bhardwaj 516 PARLIAMENTARY EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Conferences and Symposia 527 Exchange of Parliamentary Delegations 530 Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training 531 PRIVILEGE ISSUES 533 PROCEDURAL MATTERS 537 PARLIAMENTARY AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS 540 DOCUMENTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL ANO PARLIAMENTARY INTEREST 547 The Comptroller and Auditor-General's (Duties, Powers and Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 1994 548 The Constitution.(Seventy-Sixth Amendment) Act, 1994 549 SESSIONAL REVIEW Lok Sabha 550 Rajya Sabha 561 State Legislatures 569 RECENT LITERATURE OF PARLIAMENTARY INTEREST 575 APPENDICES I. Statement showing the work transacted during the Eleventh Session of the Tenth lok Sabha 580 ". Statement showing the work transacted during the Hundred and Seventy-First Session of Rajya Sabha 585 III.Statement showing the activities of the legislatures of the States and Union territories during the period 1 July to 30 September 1994 589 IV.list of Bills passed by the two HousQs ot Parliament and assented to by the President during the period 1 Jult to 30 September 1994 596 -
Policy Report No. 1
POLICY REPORT NO. 1 DECISIONAL ANALYSIS AND THE ROLE OF THE SPEAKER Harsimran Kalra Public Policy Scholar © 2013, The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy is an independent platform for the exploration of ideas and public policies. Our goal is to increase understanding of the various aspects of political challenges today. As a public policy resource, our aim is to help the public increase its awareness of its political, social and moral choices. The Hindu Centre believes that informed citizens can exercise their democratic rights better. In accordance with this mission, the Hindu Centre publishes policy and issue briefs drawing upon the research of its scholars that are intended to explain and highlight issues and themes that are the subject of public debate. These are intended to aid the public in making informed judgments on issues of public importance. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy for giving me the opportunity to undertake this research. In particular, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Malini Parthasarathy, Director of The Hindu Centre, and Mr. N. Ram and Mr. N Ravi, members of the Board of Management of The Hindu Centre for their enthusiasm and support in conducting this study. I am extremely thankful to Dr. Pratap Bhanu Mehta for giving direction to my research. A very special thanks to Dr. Kaushiki Sanyal who humoured me whenever I needed a sounding board.