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[Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene 2.1 Kondisi Fisik Dasar Berdasarkan Bentuk Wilaya Yang Memanjang Dari Sela Terhadap Kebijaka

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[Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene 2.1 Kondisi Fisik Dasar Berdasarkan Bentuk Wilaya Yang Memanjang Dari Sela Terhadap Kebijaka [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT 2.1 Kondisi Fisik Dasar Berdasarkan bentuk wilayah kabupaten sebagai wilayah daratan yang memanjang dari selatan ke utara, tentunya akan berimplikasi terhadap kebijakan dan program pembangunan serta konsep penataan ruangnya secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan kawasan dan kegiatan pembangunan harus dapat diselaraskan dengan bentuk dan aksesibilitas kawasan terhadap pusat-pusat pengembangan. Perencanaan kawasan pesisir dan wilayah daratan tidak hanya dipandang sebagai suatu perencanaan kawasan yang berbatasan langsung dengan laut, sehingga laut dianggap sebagai pembatas (constrain) dalam dinamika perkembangannya. Tinjauan terhadap karakteristik wilayah, merupakan langkah awal dalam melakukan suatu perencanaan, dimana data mengenai aspek fisik dasar Kabupaten Majene terdiri atas; letak geomorfologi, jenis tanah, hidrologi, geologi, topografi dan kelerengan, iklim dan curah hujan, serta penggunaan Lahan. 2.1.1 Gambaran Bio Fisik Wilayah Secara geografis Kabupaten Majene terletak antara 200 38’ 45” – 300 38’ 15” Lintang Selatan dan antara 1180 45’ 00” - 1190 4’ 45” Bujur Timur. Kabupaten Majene merupakan salah satu dari 5 kabupaten yang berada dalam wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi Barat yang terletak di pesisir pantai barat Propinsi Sulawesi Barat memanjang dari Selatan ke PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 1 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT Utara. Jarak Kabupaten Majene ke ibukota Propinsi Sulawesi Barat (Kota Mamuju) kurang lebih 146 km. Luas wilayah Kabupaten Majene adalah 947,84 km2 atau 5,6% dari luas Propinsi Sulawesi Barat 16.990,77 Km². Berdasarkan Perda Bupati Majene No.7 Tahun 2010 dan No.8 Tahun 2010, tanggal 6 Desember 2010 tentang Pemekaran Desa/Kelurahan, maka sejak tahun 2011 Kabupaten Majene mengalami pemekaran wilayah dari 40 desa /kelurahan menjadi 82 desa/kelurahan. Sehingga secara administrative Kabupaten Majene terdiri dari 8 kecamatan, 82 desa/kelurahan dan 361 SLS (SatuanLingkunganSetempat) yang terbagi dalam 257 dusun dan 104 lingkungan. Adapun kecamatan di Kabupaten Majene adalah Kecamatan Banggae, Kecamatan Banggae Timur, Kecamatan Pamboang, Kecamatan Sendana, Kecamatan Tammerodo Sendana, Kecamatan Tubo Sendana, Kecamatan Malunda dan Kecamatan Ulumanda. Pada dasarnya wilayah Kabupaten Majene sangat berpengaruh terhadap daerah sekitarnya ini dapat dilihat dari letak Kabupaten Majene secara administratif berbatasan dengan wilayah-wilayah berikut : Sebelah Utara berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Mamuju Sebelah Timur berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Polewali Mandar dan Mamasa Sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan Teluk Mandar Sebelah Barat berbatasan dengan Selat Makassar Kecamatan Ulumanda merupakan wilayah kecamatan terluas dibanding dengan luas wilayah kecamatan lainnya yakni; 456,06 km² atau 48,10%, kemudian Kecamatan Malunda dengan luas wilayah 187,85 Km2 atau 19,81%, sedangkan wilayah kecamatan dengan luas wilayah terkecil adalah Kecamatan Banggae dan Banggae Timur, dengan luas wilayah masing-masing adalah Kecamatan Banggae PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 2 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT Gambar 2.1 Peta Administrasi Kabupaten Majene Sumber : Dokumen RTRW Kab. Majene Tahun 2010-2030 PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 3 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT 25,15 km² atau 2,65% dan Kecamatan Banggae Timur 3,17% dari luas total wilayah Kabupaten Majene. Untuk lebih jelasnya mengenai gambaran asministratif Kabupaten Majene dapat dilihat pada gambar 2.1 Peta Administrasi Kabupaten Majene yang diambil dari Dokumen RTRW Kabupaten Majene. 2.1.1. Kondisi Klimatologi Parameter klimatologi dapat dihimpun dan mempunyai kaitan erat dengan Perencanaan SPAM Kabupaten Majene adalah tipe iklim, curah hujan dan suhu udara. Untuk lebih jelasnya jumlah hari dan curah hujan di Kabupaten Majene, tahun 2008-2011, sebagaimana pada tabel berikut. Tabel 2.1. Jumlah Curah Hujan dan Hari Hujan Di Kabupaten Majene Tahun 2008-2011 Curah Hujan Hari Hujan No Bulan 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 1 Januari 203 597.8 218.5 197.8 17 19 18 20 2 Februari 153.1 163.2 292.3 168.7 20 22 16 13 3 Maret 67.7 139.6 84.9 118.1 20 13 17 18 4 April 314.2 148 115.1 208.4 22 17 13 19 5 Mei 33.6 122.3 196.1 88.6 11 20 24 12 6 Juni 167.5 20.6 260.2 37.2 15 7 25 9 7 Juli 95.3 59.5 270.4 1.6 17 13 22 5 8 Agustus 68.6 32.6 206.4 4.7 18 8 22 3 9 September 166 6.2 303.4 26.0 11 6 25 9 10 Oktober 309.2 116.5 215.9 152.3 22 12 22 19 11 November 310.4 152.5 224.9 199.8 22 15 16 22 12 Desember 365.4 154.14 169.3 456.4 23 13 27 26 Jumlah 2254 1712.9 2557.4 1659.6 218 165 247 175 Sumber; Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Majene, 2012 Kondisi iklim wilayah Kabupaten Majene dan sekitarnya secara umum ditandai dengan hari hujan dan curah hujan yang relatif tinggi dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh angin musim, hal ini dikarenakan wilayahnya berbatasan dengan laut lepas (Selat Makassar dan Teluk mandar). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dari Stasiun Meteorologi dan Geofisika Banggae, Pamboang dan Malunda serta dalam dua tahun terakhir (2008-2011) memperlihatkan rata-rata hari hujan dan curah hujan berkisar antara 1147.8- 1652.9 hari/tahun dan hari hujan sekitar 167- PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 4 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT Gambar 2.2 Peta Kondisi Klimatologi Kabupaten Majene Sumber : Dokumen RTRW Kab. Majene Tahun 2010-2030 PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 5 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT 199 mm/tahun dimana curah hujan tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Malunda. Apabila dilihat dari waktu musim hujan di wilayah ini berawal pada Bulan September hingga Bulan Mei dan setelah itu memasuki memasuki musim kemarau. Iklim di Kabupaten Majene tergolong kering, yang menurut Peta Iklim Sulawesi Selatan, yang dipetakan berdasarkan klasifikasi iklim Oldeman (Oldeman dan Sjarifuddin, 1977), digolongkan kedalam kelas iklim E2, E1, D3, D2, dan D1 (mayoritas) yang artinya kering. Variasi jumlah bulan basah dari nol sampai hanya dua sampai tiga bulan per tahun. Jumlah curah hujan tahunan hanya sekitar 1.000 mm (rata-rata di bawah 1.000 mm), seperti di daerah Pamboang sampai ke Banggae. Wilayah yang agak basah Kabupaten Majene hanya ditemukan disekitar Malunda dan daerah perbatasan dengan Mamuju dan Mamasa. Klasifikasi iklim dibuat berdasarkan sistem yang digunakan Oldeman (Oldeman dan Sjarifuddin, 1977). Sementara, data curah hujan yang diperoleh dari stasiun-stasiun pengukuran hujan yang ada di Kabuipaten Majene dalam Assessment, dan data suhu, angin ataupun kelembapan udara di wilayah ini. Gambar 2.3. Jumlah Hari Hujan Pada Stasiun Meteorologi Majene Tahun 2011 PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 6 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT 2.1.2. Topografi dan Kemiringan Lereng Kabupaten Majene dibangun oleh wilayah yang topografinya bervariasi dari datar sampai berbukit dan bergunung, dengan kemiringan lereng kurang dari 3 % sampai lebih dari 100 %. Hamparan daerah dengan topografi datar ditemukan di sepanjang wilayah paralel dengan garis pantai kabupaten ini. Hamparan wilayah datar terutama ditemukan mulai dari pantai barat Kecamatan Sendana menuju ke selatan sampai ke Kecamatan Banggae dan Banggae Timur (Ibukota Kabupaten). Sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Majene dengan topografi berbukit dan bergunung. Untuk lebih jelasnya klasifikasi ketinggian dari permukaan laut menurut wilayah kecamatan, sebagaimana pada tabel 2.2 dan peta dibawah ini. Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Ketinggian dari Permukaan Laut Menurut Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Majene Tahun 2010 Luas Klasifikasi Ketinggian (Ha) No Kecamatan Wilayah (Ha) 0 - 25 M 25 – 100 M 100 -500 M 500-1000 M >1000 M (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 1 Banggae 5.519 2.122 1.750 1.647 - - 2 Banggae Timur * * * * * * 3 Pamboang 7.019 584 952 4.833 550 - 4 Sendana 17.881 2.466 1.091 10.466 3.007 50 5 Tammerodo * * * * * * 6 Tubo * * * * * * 7 Malunda 64.365 3.160 3.391 19.310 30.219 8.277 8 Ulumanda * * * * * * Jumlah 94.784 8.332 7.184 36.256 33.776 8.327 Sumber; Kabupaten Majene Dalam Angka, 2010 Klasifikasi ketinggian wilayah Kabupaten Majene dari permukaan air laut mulai dari 0-25 m sampai diatas 1.000 meter. Berdasarkan kelas ketinggian muka laut yang tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten Majene pada umumnya tergolong kelas ketinggian 100-500 meter yakni 38,69% dan ketinggian 500-1000 meter yakni 35,98% dari total keseluruhan wilayah kabupaten. Kecamatan Malunda merupakan wilayah dengan luas wilayah terluas pada umumnya merupakan wilayah pegunungan dengan ketinggian muka 500-1000 meter sebesar 30.219 Ha. PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 7 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT Gambar 2.4 Peta Topografi dan Kemiringan Lereng Kabupaten Majene Sumber : Dokumen RTRW Kab. Majene Tahun 2010-2030 PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJENE Hal II - 8 TAHUN 2012 [Penyusunan RISPAM Kabupaten Majene Provinsi Sulawesi Barat] DRAFT FINAL REPORT 2.1.3. Geologi dan Jenis Tanah Bentang alam wilayah Kabupaten Majene yang merupakan wilayah datar, bergelombang, berbukit sampai bergunung yang tersebar di semua wilayah kecamatan di Kabupaten Majene. Secara umum jenis tanah yang tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten Majene adalah Alluvial, Mediteran, Latosol, Gromosol, Poksolik
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