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Pemberdayaan Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat Sebagai Saluran Berbagi Informasi Penangkapan Telur Ikan Terbang Di Kabupaten Majene Dan Polman

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Pemberdayaan Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat Sebagai Saluran Berbagi Informasi Penangkapan Telur Ikan Terbang Di Kabupaten Majene Dan Polman Jurnal Komunikasi KAREBA Vol.6 No.2 Juli – Desember 2017 PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK INFORMASI MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI SALURAN BERBAGI INFORMASI PENANGKAPAN TELUR IKAN TERBANG DI KABUPATEN MAJENE DAN POLMAN The Empowerment of Community Information Groups as the Channels of Various Information on the Catching of Flying Fish Eggs in Majene Regency and Polewali Mandar Regency 1Abdillah Makkarana, 2Hafied Cangara, 3Syamsu Alam Ali 1Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar ([email protected]) 2Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar (cangara_hafied@gmail .com) 3Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar ([email protected]) ABSTRAK Keterbatasan akses dan kemampuan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan informasi dan kesenjangan informasi dikalangan masyarakat pedesaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Peranan Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM), (2) bentuk informasi yang mereka bagi diantara para nelayan penangkap telur ikan terbang serta (3) startegi pemerintah dalam memberdayakan Kelompok Infomasi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Mosso Kabupaten Majene dan Desa Pambusuang Kabupaten Polman.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilakukan pada KIM di Kelurahan Mosso Kabupaten Majene dan desa Pambusuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara mendalam oleh informan atau narasumber.Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Peran Kelompok Informasi Masyarkat (KIM) hingga saat ini belum berjalan dengan baik dan dari Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat memiliki peran yang dapat dikelompokan kedalam lima kegiatan, yaitu: sebagai fasilitator bagi masyarakat, sebagai mitra pemerintah daerah, sebagai penyerap dan penyalur aspirasi masyarakat, dan sebagai terminal informasi bagi masyarakat.Walaupun peran menjadi mitra pemerintah dalam menyebarluaskan informasi belum berjalan dengan baik, masih berbentuk penerapan dalam menyebarkan informasi melalui tatap muka untuk saat ini, hal ini yang perlu dibenahi dan mesti diperbaiki dari segi sistem komunikasi antara pemerintah desa/kelurahan terhadap kelompok informasi masyarakat (KIM), dan koordinasi terhadap pemerintah daerah dan pemerintah desa. Kata kunci: Akses Informasi, Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat, Pemberdayaan Kelompok ABSTRACT Limited access and the ability of communities in using information and gap information in village’s communites.The aims of the research were to find out (1) the role of Community Information Groups, (2) the types of information the fishermen of flying fish egg share, (3) the governments’ strategies in the empowerment of Community Information Groups in Mosso Village of Majene Regency and Pambusuang Village of Polewali Mandar Regency. The research was a descriptive qualitative analysis with the case study approach done to Community Information Groups in Mosso Village of Majene Regency and Pambusuang Village of Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province. The data were obtained through observation and in-depth interview to the informants. The result of the research indicate that the role of Community Information Groups does not run well. The roleof these groups are divided into five activities, i.e. facilitators for community, partners for local government, absorbing and channeling community’s aspirations, and information terminal for community. The role as the partner of local government in dessiminating information through face to face at present. 294 Jurnal Komunikasi KAREBA Vol.6 No.2 Juli – Desember 2017 Communication system between village government and Community Information Groups and coordination with local government and village government needs addressing and improving. Keywords: information access, Community Information Group, group empowerment. PENDAHULUAN satu potensi perikanan pelagis kecil di Kebutuhan masyarakat untuk Indonesia dengan pemanfaatannya cukup mendapatkan informasi saat ini mengalami besar terutama di perairan Kawasan Timur perkembangan yang pesat, mulai dari Indonesia, sehingga merupakan salah satu masyarakat tingkat bawah sampai tingkat atas, bagian kegiatan penangkapan ikan bagi terlebih setelah bergulirnya era reformasi nelayan yang cukup penting. Ikan terbang tahun 1998. Beragam dan kompleksnya telah dikenal dan dikonsumsi oleh sebagian informasi yang beredar di tengah masyarakat masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya di Sulawesi merupakan sebab dari tuntutan masyarakat Selatan dan Sulawesi Barat. Ikan ini dikenal yang haus akan kebenaran dan nilai suatu dengan berbagai nama lokal di beberapa informasi. Ruslan (2002), mengatakan bahwa daerah seperti: ikan tuing-tuing (Makassar), informasi diperlukan untuk mengurangi torani (Bugis) dan caeqeng (Mandar). Pelras ketidakpastian dalam suatu sistem komunikasi (2006), menilai bahwa sebenarnya leluhur di suatu lembaga atau organisasi.Namun, orang Mandarlah yang ulung melaut bukan kondisi sebagian masyarakat yang belum orang Bugis seperti pendapat banyak orang. memiliki kemampuan memadai untuk Berdasarkan data pada Dinas menelaah muatan informasi, baik karena Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Provinsi faktor sosial, edukatif, ekonomis maupun Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2014 mengenai kultural. Selain itu, keterbatasan akses dan realisasi ekspor Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan penerbitan Certificate of Origin (COO) atau informasi dan kesenjangan informasi Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA), sektor dikalangan masyarakat pedesaan. pertanian jenis Komoditi telur ikan terbang Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat menempati urutan kelima setelah komoditi (KIM) merupakan lembaga layanan publik Rumput laut, biji kakao, udang segar dan biji yang dibentuk dan dikelola dari, oleh dan kopi.Ekspor komoditi Telur Ikan Terbang untuk masyarakat yang berorientasi pada Sulawesi Selatan pada triwulan keempat layanan informasi dan pemberdayaan (Januari-Desember) 2014 sebesar US$ masyarakat sesuai dengan kebutuhannya 17.619.816 dengan volume sebesar 893 ton, (Direktorat Kelembagaan Komunikasi Sosial, sedangkan pada tahun 2013 periode yang sama 2008). 3 kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan dalam nilai sebesar US$ 13.675.500 dengan volume KIM, yaitu mengakses informasi, mengolah sebanyak 615ton. Halmana terdapat informasi dan menyebarluaskan informasi. peningkatan nilai sebesar US$ 3.944.316 atau KIM berperan dalam memperlancar kontribusi meningkat 28,84 persen yang disertai dan distribusi informasi kepada masyarakat, peningkatan volume sebesar 278 ton atau selain itu KIM sebagai mediator antara meningkat 45,20 persen. masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam penyebaran Tujuan penelitian ini agar masyarakat informasi dan penyerapan aspirasi. mengetahui peran dan fungsi KIM dalam Indonesia yang sebagian besar berbagi informasi dikalangan masyarakat wilayahnya terdiri dari lautan dan memiliki nelayan sehingga masyarakat lebih potensi kelautan cukup besar, seharusnya mengetahui pentingnya informasi dan mampu mensejahterakan kehidupan mengetahui strategi pemerintah dalam masyarakat nelayan yang menggantungkan memberdayakan KIM di daerah. hidup pada potensi kelautan (maritim) tersebut. Usaha penangkapan ikan terbang BAHAN DAN METODE dilakukan masyarakat nelayan di perairan Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma Selat Makassar dan Laut Flores adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan merupakan salah satu sumber mata pendekatan studi kasus dimana peneliti pencaharian masyarakat (Ali, 2005). Ikan berusaha mendeskripsikan hasil observasi terbang (Cypselurus spp) merupakan salah 295 Jurnal Komunikasi KAREBA Vol.6 No.2 Juli – Desember 2017 pada objek penelitian yaitu mengadakan jurnal ilmiah, majalah, skripsi, tesis, desertasi, pengamatan langsung ke lokasi penelitian internet ataupun sumber informasi lainnya Moleong (2006), menjelasan bahwa yang dapat membantu melengkapi serta dalam studi kasus hendaknya peneliti berusaha menunjang penelitian ini. menguji unit atau individu secara mendalarn.Para peneliti berusaha menernukan Teknik Pengumpulan Data sernua variabel yang penting. Berdasarkan Dalam penelitian kualitatif, batasan tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa pengumpulan data dilakukan secara langsung batasan studi kasus meliputi: (1) sasaran di lokasi penelitian untuk memperoleh bahan, penelitiannya dapat berupa manusia, peristiwa, data dan informasi, sumber data primer, dan latar, dan dokumen; (2) sasaran-sasaran teknik pengumpulan data lebih banyak pada tersebut ditelaah secara mendalam sebagai observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi. suatu totalitas sesuai dengan latar atau Oleh karena itu peneliti melakukan konteksnya masing-masing dengan maksud pengumpulan data dengan cara, yaitu bertemu untuk mernahami berbagai kaitan yang ada di langsung dengan informan. antara variabel-variabelnya.Pendekatan ini dapat menguraikan mengenai peran KIM HASIL PENELITIAN dalam berbagi informasi, studi kasus penangkapan telur ikan terbang di kelurahan Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat di dua Mosso Kabupaten Majene dan desa kabupaten Pambusuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Daerah Kabupaten Majene telah terbentuk Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat Lokasi dan Rancangan Penelitian sebanyak 15 KIM dan Kabupaten Polewali Proses penelitian atau pengumpulan Mandar sebanyak 51 KIM yang tersebar data dan informasi terhadap informan dibeberapa Kecamatan, kelurahan atau desa dilakukan melalui observasi langsung pada dari sekian banyak jumlah kelompok yang lokasi di kelurahan Mosso Kabupaten Majene terdaftar di
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