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Selbyana 15(2): 79-81 NEW SYNONYMIES IN THE GENUS BILLBERGIA THUNBERG (BROMELIACEAE) TALITA FONTOURA Jardin Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ABsTRACT. Taxonomic studies of the genus Billbergia in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, showed that three synonymies may be proposed: Billbergia var. amoena (syn.: Billbergia amoena var. rubra); Billbergia tweedieana (syn.: Billbergia tweedieana var. minor); Billbergia pyramidalis var. pyramidalis (syn.: Billbergia pyramidalis var. vernicosa). After field surveys and studies of voucher specimens from other states, it is recommended that a taxonomic revision be initiated, given the variation occuring in the specimens. The genus Billbergia has about 65 species dis­ als 3.0-5.5 cm long, obtuse with blue apex, adax­ tributed from Mexico to southern South Amer­ ially with two fimbriate scales at base and two ica. After the classic works ofMez (1892, 1935) long, narrow calli placed laterally to stamens. and Smith & Downs (1979) no other author has Ovary 0.6-1.8 cm long, cylindric, green, sharply extensively studied this genus. Nevertheless, Pe­ sulcate. reira (1979), Pereira and Moutinho (1981), Pe­ Flowering from March to October. Habit: epi­ reiraand Leme (1984, 1985), and Lemeand We­ phytic, saxicolous and terrestrial; habitat: Atlan­ ber (1984) have published new species. tic rain forest and sand dune coastal plains. Very This work presents three synonymies within frequent in the Rio de Janeiro coastal plains. the genus Billbergia after taxonomic studies in Rio de Janeiro State as part of a Bachelor mono­ EXAMINED MATERIAL. Angra dos Reis: Rio Barra Pequena, 2 Jui. 1980, D. Araujo 3893 (GUA); Ilha graph presented in the graduate course of bio­ Grande, Res. Biohig. da Praia da Sul, 27 Nov. 1983, logical sciences at Santa Ursula University in D. Araujo et al. 5714 (GUA). Arraial do Cabo: 23 Mar. May, 1989. 1978, G. Martinelli et al. 4103 (RB). Cabo Frio: 9km ao norte do Rio Una, 28 Jun. 1983, D. Araujo 5625 1. Billbergia amoena (Loddiges) Lindley var. (GUA); Morro do Gaviao, 13 Dec. 1968, D. Sucre amoena. Bot. Reg. 13:sub.pl. 1068. 1827. 3923 (RB). Casimiro de Abreu: Barra de Sao Joao, 23 May 1964, P. Carauta 211 (RB); entre Barra de Sao TYPE. Loddiges Hortus in Lindley sin (Holo­ Joao e Tamoios, 28 Nov. 1964, E. Santos 2067, B. type, CGE; Photo, GH). Flaster 1104 (R,HB). Macae: Fazenda Crobixaes, 30 Syn.: B. amoena var. rubra Foster, Bull. Bro­ Jul. 1982, e. Farney 61 (RB); Pico do Frade, 16 Nov. meliad Soc. 6:76.1956. TYPE. Brazil: Espirito 1982, G. Martinelli & e. Farney 8729. Marica: Praia de ItaipuayU, 11 Apr. 1986, D. Araujo 7351 (GUA); Santo, Vit6ria, 13 Jul. 1939, Foster 2903 (Ho­ restinga de Barra de Marica, 9 May 1984, D. Araujo lotype, US). 6252. (GUA). Nova Friburgo: Mury, Macae de Cima, In the original description the variety was dis­ 25 Dec. 1986, G. Martinelli 11285 (RB). Petropolis: tinguished as having red leaves, but field surveys Araras, estr. pi Santa Catarina, 25 Jun. 1968, P.I.S. have shown this color to be a result of different Braga 1559 (RB); Valedas Videiras, 26 Nov. 1980, G. patterns of light intensity. Martinelli 7399 (RB). Resende: Parque Nacional do Plant very variable with 8-20 leaves, 19.0- Itatiaia, 15 Oct. 1948, P. Occhioni 1128 (RB). Rio de 90.0 em long, 2.5-5.5 em wide, ligulate, green, Janeiro: Serra do Mendanha, 23 Apr. 1973, D. Sucre reddish or white-spotted; sheaths large, elliptic; 10097 (RB); Campo Grande,Rio daPrata, 6 Jui. 1977, H.e. de Lima 111 (RB); ibidem, Rio da Prata do Ca­ apex rounded or acute, apiculate or not; margins bu~, 3 Jun. 1949, B. Lutz s.n. (R); Jacarepagua, 15 serrate or serrulate. Scape 0.3-0.5 cm in diam­ Dec. 1958, E. Pereira 4406 (RB); ibidem, 9 Jun. 1969, eter, erect or ascending, slender or stout, com­ D. Sucre et al. 5239 (RB); Gromari, 31 JuI. 1968, D. pletely glabrous or with some evanescent scales, Sucre 3379 (RB); restinga de Gromari, 24 May 1982, green or reddish. Scape bracts suberect, elliptic; D. Sucre 5071 (GUA); Recreio dos Bandeirantes, praia apex apiculate or acuminate, reddish to pink ex­ de Gromari, 16 Oct. 1986, T. Wendt et al. 17 (RB); posing the scape. Inflorescence 2.0-14.0 cm long, ibidem, Pedra de Ita(ma, 22 Jui. 1965, N. Santos et al. usually compound but sometimes simple, lax, 5868 (R); Recreio, Lagoa dos Tachas, 16 Jun. 1963, nearly glabrous; primary bracts like scape bracts. N. Santos 502 (R). Santa Maria Madalena: Parque Es­ tadual do Desengano, 19 Nov. 1986, G. Martinelli et Floral bracts 0.1 cm long, the upper ones reni­ al. 11729 (RB); ibidem, 3 Mar. 1934, Santos Lima & form, apiculate. Flowers 3.5-7.5 cm long, sessile. Brade 13372 (RB). Sao Joao da Barra: 3 Oct. 1963, Sepals 1.7-3.0 cm long, narrowly elliptic to ob­ A.e. Brade 1585, M. Emmerich 1574 (R). Saquarema: long; apex blue, acute or minutely acuminate with restinga de Ipitangas, 24 Mar. 1987, T. Fontoura et al. white evanescent scales; lower part greenish. Pet- 74 (RB); ibidem, 19 May 1987, T. Fontoura et al. 137 79 80 SELBYANA [Volume 15(2) (RB). Teresopolis: Guarani, 4 Dec. 1929, A. e. Brade leaves and flowers" but this appearance is pro­ 9581 (R). duced by a chemical substance on the voucher specimen to avoid insect predation. 2. Billbergia tweedieana Baker var. tweedieana. Leaves few (to 13), forming a tubular rosette, Handb. Brome1.73. 1889. 22.0-96.0 cm long, 3.0-5.5 cm wide, ligulate, often white-banded on lower part; sheaths ellip­ TYPE. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. Ca. 1832, Twee­ tic to oblong-elliptic and sometimes purplish die 13 13 (Holotype, K; Photo, GH). covered with a membrane of fused scales; apex Syn.: Billbergia tweedieana var. minor Smith, acute, acuminate or apiculate; margins laxly ser­ Smithsonian Misc. Collect., 126:22. 1955. TYPE. rulate or serrate. Scape ca. 0.5 cm in diameter, Brazil: Espirito Santo. Santa Tereza, sid, Foster erect, stout, white lanuginous. Scape bracts erect, 277 (Holotype, GH; Isotype, R!, US). imbricate and the upper ones clustered beneath The varieties were based on length and apex the inflorescence, elliptic, pink or rose with an of sepals. Nevertheless these characteristics can acute apex. Inflorescence rarely exceeding 10.0 be observed overlapping one another; i.e., sepal cm long, erect, simple, corymbose or short cy­ length may range from 1.6 cm to 2.4 cm with lindric, densely white lanuginous. Floral bracts acute apex. very small, ovate, acute, often hidden by the la­ Plant forming a tubular small or large rosette. nuginous indument. Flowers 5.0-7.5 cm long, Leaves 60.0-150.0 cm long, 5.5-7.5 cm wide, sessile. Sepals 1.1-2.0 cm long, short-connate or ligulate to narrowly triangular, green, concolor­ free, lepidote, slightly asymmetric, oblong with ous when dry; sheaths sometimes reddish, nar­ an obtuse or obtuse-apiculate apex, pale red. Pet­ row and sometimes indistinct, covered with ap­ als 4.0-6.0 cm long, red, contorted after anthesis, pressed scales on both sides; apex rounded or apex blue, obtuse, lower part red, adaxially with apiculate but often decayed; margins serrate with two fimbriate scales and two calli. Ovary 0.7-1.5 spines 0.1-0.2 cm long. Scape stout, about 0.5 cm long, cylindric, lanuginous; epigynous tube cm in diameter, green. Scape bracts enfold the short. scape, narrowly elliptic; apex acute or acute-acu­ Flowering from February to April, July, Sep­ minate, papyraceous, pink, white-lepidote. In­ tember to December. Habit: epiphytic, rupico­ florescence 21.0-24.0 cm long, compound, laxly lous, saxicolous, terrestrial; habitat: Atlantic rain paniculate, lepidote or glabrous. Primary bracts forest and sand dunes of the coastal plains. like the scape bracts, large; Lower branches lax, longer than 8.0 cm. Flowers 5.0-7.0 cm long, EXAMINED MATERIAL. Cabo Frio: caminho pi Araya, sessile. Sepals 1.6-2.4 cm long, asymmetric, 24 Apr. 1979, J.P.P. Carauta 3097 (GUA). Nova Fri­ scarsely lepidote or glabrous, green. Petals 3.5- burgo: Macae de Cima 27 Nov. 1986, G. Martinelli et al. 11950 (RB). Nova Iguayu: Serra da Bandeira, 17 5.3 cm long, blue at upper part and greenish Dec. 1977, D. Araujo et al. 1867 (GUA). Petropolis: below, adaxially with only two scales not hori­ antiga estrada pi Petropolis, 10 Jul. 1978, G. Martinelli zontally appressed. Ovary about 1.5 cm long, 4691 (RB); 10 Distrito, Meio da Serra, 9 Mar. 1978, cylindric; epyginous tube almost lacking; fruit G. Martinelli 4031 (RB); Araras, base da Pedra Maria ellipsoid, sulcate. Comprida, 23 Mar. 1968, D. Sucre 2580, P.l.S. Braga Flowering in January, March, September and 412 (RB); Mata do Judeu, 7 Dec. 1968, D. Sucre et at. October. Habit: saxicolous and terrestrial; hab­ 4234 (RB). Rio de Janeiro: vertente Oeste do Morro itat: sand dunes on the coastal plain. do Sumare, 8 Feb. 1969, D. Sucre 4692 RB); Estrada da Vista Chinesa, Dec. 1983, A. Aguiar s.n. (GUA); EXAMINED MATERIAL. Cabo Frio: Restinga do Pero, Barra da Tijuca, Nov. 1936, Brade 15483 (RB). 17 Nov. 1968, D. Sucre 3696 (RB); Morro do Farol da Lagoinha, 29 Oct. 1986, D. Araujo & H.e. de Lima 7545 (GUA); Armac;ao de Btizios, 11 Jan. 1979, G. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Martinelli et al. 5575 (RB). Three synonymies are proposed: Billbergia amoena var. amoena (syn.: B. amoena var. ru­ 3. Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindley var. bra); B.
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    S.F.V.B.S. SAN FERNANDO VALLEY BROMELIAD SOCIETY SEPTEMBER 2018 P.O. BOX 16561, ENCINO, CA 91416-6561 sfvbromeliad.homestead.com [email protected] Twitter is: sfvbromsociety Instagram is: sfvbromeliadsocity Elected OFFICERS & Volunteers Pres: Bryan Chan & Carole Scott V.P.: John Martinez Sec: Leni Koska Treas: Mary Chan Membership: Joyce Schumann Advisors/Directors: Steve Ball, Richard Kaz –fp, Mary K., Sunshine Chair: Georgia Roiz Refreshments: vacant Web: Mike Wisnev, Editors: Mike Wisnev & Mary K., Snail Mail: Nancy P-Hapke Instagram & Twitter & FB: Felipe Delgado next meeting: Saturday September 1, 2018 @ 10:00 am Sepulveda Garden Center 16633 Magnolia Blvd. Encino, California 91436 AGENDA retired Community College Geography professor, she 9:30 – SET UP & SOCIALIZE has visited all of the continents, but in (Continued) 10:00 - Door Prize drawing – one member recent years she has concentrated on regions with who arrives before 10:00 gets a Bromeliad Bromeliads. In addition to Brazil Cristy has observed and photographed Bromeliads in Mexico, Guatemala, 10:05 -Welcome Visitors and New Members. Honduras, Costa Rica, Trinidad, Tobago, Ecuador, Peru, Make announcements and Introduce Speaker Argentina and Venezuela. 10:15 –Speaker – Cristy Brenner <> Subject: “Bromeliads of Eastern Brazil” 11:15 - Refreshment Break and Show and Tell: Brazil is the largest country in Will the following members please provide South America and offers many different environments refreshments this month: xxx and anyone else who that support Bromeliads. has a snack they would like to share. If you can’t Cristy will take us on a tour contribute this month don’t stay away…. just bring of Minas Gerais and the Bahia states where we will a snack next time you come.
  • Growing Bromeliads Epiphytically in the Subtropical Home Garden Kerry Booth Tate (As Published in the BSI Journal, May-June 2003, Revised August 2017)

    Growing Bromeliads Epiphytically in the Subtropical Home Garden Kerry Booth Tate (As Published in the BSI Journal, May-June 2003, Revised August 2017)

    Growing Bromeliads Epiphytically in the Subtropical Home Garden Kerry Booth Tate (as published in the BSI Journal, May-June 2003, Revised August 2017) Most bromeliad growers I know, and know of, cultivate their plants in pots under shade cloth, or some form of protective structure. This is necessary when climatic conditions do not replicate the bromeliads’ natural habitat. However, for those lucky gardeners who live in a subtropical climate, as I do, growing bromeliads in trees of the home garden can be successful and very effective. I have many established trees in my garden, thanks to the previous owners. Moving here from a cool-temperate region, I was greatly impressed and inspired by a huge flowering clump of the common Billbergia pyramidalis, climbing the trunk of an old Silky Oak (Grevillea robusta). Since then, my trees have become living sculptures – embellished with their ornaments, it’s like Christmas all year! With each new bromeliad purchase, I research its origin and growth habit in the literature available (pre internet access and the realm of international forums and facebook!), and decide where and under which conditions it might thrive. When tying a bromeliad onto the branch or trunk of a tree, I do not use sphagnum moss around the root area of the plant. Sometimes, a purchased pot-grown bromeliad already has an established root ball including pine chunks. This can be easier to secure to a branch, especially if the plant is not stoloniferous. Well-grown pups, with an obvious stolon, can be tied directly onto the upper side of a branch very easily.