Itaya amicorum LC Taxonomic Authority: H.E.Moore.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region

Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: LILIOPSIDA Order: ARECALES Family: PALMAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

General Information Distribution Itaya amicorum is confined to the western amazon region in Colombia (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas) (Henderson et al. 1997).

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 300  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: 60574 Lower limit: 0  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population Number of individuals is not known. It has been reported as uncommon in the understory and has a patchy distribution (Henderson et al. 1997). From recent surveys of the type location along the Rio Itaya in Peru, Stauffer (pers. comm. 2009) reports that the species was rare. From several transects taken in 2006, Balslev et al identified populations upstream from Negro Urco, Peru.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology Palm with a solitary stem, up to 4m tall. Occurs in lowland rain forest below 300m, growing both in non-inundated areas and in wet places along rivers (Henderson et al. 1997).

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - large Large tree, also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m)

Threats General threats to the habitat in which I. amicorum resides include: logging, cattle ranching, large–scale agriculture such as coca (Erythroxylum coca) production, mining and industrial development. These threats have damaged huge tracks of land and recently are advancing on the relatively stable/intact ecoregions such as the Solimoes-Japurá moist forest (WWF 2001).

Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced)  1.1 Agriculture  1.3 Extraction  1.3.1 Mining  13 None  Conservation Measures The conservation status of I. amicorum was assessed in the 1997 Red List as Rare, Endangered and Rare, respectively in Brazil, Colombia and Peru (Walter and Gillett 1998). It was assessed in the The World List of Threatened Trees as Data Deficient (Bernal 1998). Subsequently is has been assessed in Colombia as Least Concern (Bernal & Galeano 2006). I. amicorum is protected in Colombia as it is known from a remote locality in a national park (Bernal 1998). It is not listed on CITES and seeds from this species are not present in the Millennium Seed Bank, UK. Monitoring of the population is encouraged to better understand the status of this species at each sub-population.

Although no specific plans exist to conserve species I. amicorum, there are ongoing International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) projects in the Non Timber Forest Products in the Amazon. A project entitled "Non-timber Production and Sustainable Development in the Amazon" is in place and has a budget of US$387,185 and the implementing agency is the University of Brasilia. The mission of ITTO is "to facilitate discussion, consultation and international cooperation on issues relating to the international trade and utilisation of tropical timber and the sustainable management of its resource base" (Hwan Ok Ma 2002).

In Place Needed 1 Policy-based actions  1.1 Management plans  1.1.1 Development  1.1.2 Implementation  1.2 Legislation  1.2.2 Implementation  1.2.2.2 National level  1.2.2.3 Sub-national level  4 Habitat and site-based actions  4.4 Protected areas  4.4.1 Identification of new protected areas  4.4.3 Management  5 Species-based actions  5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  5.7.2 Genome resource bank 

Countries of Occurrence

PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Brazil    Amazonas    Colombia    Colombia    Peru   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1UnsetSuitable 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland1Unset Suitable

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 1. Food - human  8. Fibre  The leaves are used to thatch temporary shelters and in Colombia salt is extracted from the burned trunks by Miraña Indians (Henderson et al 1997).

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment The Colombian and Brazilian subpopulations of I. amicorum reside in relatively stable/intact ecoregions and in Colombia this palm is reported to be present in a remote locality in a national park (Bernal 1998). The Peruvian subpopulation however, resides in the vulnerable Napo moist forests and the Vulnerable Iquitos varzea ecoregions, which are threatened by ongoing human activities such as logging, cattle ranching, large–scale agriculture such as coca (Erythroxylum coca) production, mining and industrial development (WWF 2001). At present I. amicorum does not meet the criteria for a threatened category. However, the Peru subpopulation appears to be under some threat and in decline, especially in the Rio Itaya region. Monitoring of populations should be carried out in all three subpopulations to better determine its status. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 11/05/2009 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Loftus, C. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Bernal, R., 1998, Itaya amicorum, The World List of Threatened Trees, Oldfield, S. Lusty, C. & MacKinven, A., 650, World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK Bernal. R & Galeano, G., 2006, Endangerment of Colombian Palms (Arecaceae): change over 18 years., Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 151-163, , Fred Stauffer, 2009, Itaya amicorum Personal communication., , , Henderson, A., Galeano, G., Bernal, R., 1997, Field guide to the Palms of the Americas, , , Hwan Ok Ma, 2002, ITTO's Experiences in promoting TROPICAL NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, Non-Wood Forest Products- Rattan Current research issues and prospects for conservation and sustainable development, Dransfield, J., Tesoro, F.O & Manokaran, N., , , Walter, K.S. and H.J. Gillett, 1998, 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, WCMC/IUCN, , IUCN, World Wildlife Fund, 2001, WWF Ecoregion Profiles, , World Wildlife Fund © 2001,