Perception of Ultraviolet Light by Crab Spiders and Its Role in Selection of Hunting Sites
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Crab Spiders Impact Floral-Signal Evolution Indirectly Through Removal
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x OPEN Crab spiders impact floral-signal evolution indirectly through removal of florivores Anina C. Knauer1, Moe Bakhtiari1,2 & Florian P. Schiestl1 The puzzling diversity of flowers is primarily shaped by selection and evolutionary change caused by the plant’s interaction with animals. The contribution of individual animal species to net selection, however, may vary depending on the network of interacting organisms. Here 1234567890():,; we document that in the buckler mustard, Biscutella laevigata, the crab spider Thomisus onustus reduces bee visits to flowers but also benefits plants by feeding on florivores. Uninfested plants experience a trade-off between pollinator and spider attraction as both bees and crab spiders are attracted by the floral volatile β-ocimene. This trade-off is reduced by the induced emission of β-ocimene after florivore infestation, which is stronger in plant populations where crab spiders are present than where they are absent, suggesting that plants are locally adapted to the presence of crab spiders. Our study demonstrates the context-dependence of selection and shows how crab spiders impact on floral evolution. 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. 2Present address: Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressedto F.P.S. (email: fl[email protected]) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2018) 9:1367 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03792-x lant–animal interactions are a major driver of plant Crab spiders camouflage themselves on flowers to hunt flower- evolution, including both local adaptation and species visiting insects such as pollinators (Fig. -
Australian Native Bees Avoid Their Spider Predators
by responding to the same floral signals as these honeybees do (Heiling & Herberstein 2004; Heiling et al. 2004). Fur- thermore, it manipulates visual floral signals. While Euro- pean crab spiders appear camouflaged on flowers (Chittka 2001; The´ry & Casas 2002), T. spectabilis produces a Predator–prey coevolution: strong colour contrast in the UV range of the light spec- trum, attracting honeybees (Heiling et al. 2003). This is Australian native bees in line with empirical data showing that bees are attracted to strongly contrasting marks on flowers (Lunau et al. avoid their spider 1996). predators European honeybees did not coevolve with T. spectabilis but were introduced to Australia ca. 200 years ago. By * contrast, native Australian bees that are also captured by A. M. Heiling and M. E. Herberstein T. spectabilis coevolved with this species. We test our pre- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, diction that native Australian bees evolved anti-predatory NSW 2109, Australia * Author for correspondence ([email protected]). behaviour to avoid their predators, unlike the naive Euro- pean honeybees. Recd 14.10.03; Accptd 10.11.03; Published online 12.01.04 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Australian crab spiders Thomisus spectabilis Thomisus spectabilis were collected in suburban areas of Brisbane, manipulate visual flower signals to lure introduced Australia. Females reach a body length of ca. 1 cm. Female coloration Apis mellifera. We gave Australian native bees, Aus- varies and we used only white ones in our experiments. Native bees (Austroplebia australis) that were kept in an outdoor hive at the Uni- troplebia australis, the choice between two white versity grounds were transferred into a growth house and trained to daisies, Chrysanthemum frutescens, one of them visit a feeding station (ca. -
Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration
P1: SKH/ary P2: MBL/vks QC: MBL/agr T1: MBL October 27, 1997 17:44 Annual Reviews AR048-27 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1998. 43:619–43 Copyright c 1998 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY OF SPIDER COLORATION G. S. Oxford Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO1 5YW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected] R. G. Gillespie Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 409, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; e-mail: [email protected] KEY WORDS: color, crypsis, genetics, guanine, melanism, mimicry, natural selection, pigments, polymorphism, sexual dimorphism ABSTRACT Genetic color variation provides a tangible link between the external phenotype of an organism and its underlying genetic determination and thus furnishes a tractable system with which to explore fundamental evolutionary phenomena. Here we examine the basis of color variation in spiders and its evolutionary and ecological implications. Reversible color changes, resulting from several mechanisms, are surprisingly widespread in the group and must be distinguished from true genetic variation for color to be used as an evolutionary tool. Genetic polymorphism occurs in a large number of families and is frequently sex limited: Sex linkage has not yet been demonstrated, nor have the forces promoting sex limitation been elucidated. It is argued that the production of color is metabolically costly and is principally maintained by the action of sight-hunting predators. Key avenues for future research are suggested. INTRODUCTION Differences in color and pattern among individuals have long been recognized as providing a tractable system with which to address fundamental evolutionary questions (57). -
Complete Report
The effect of crab spider presence on pollinator behaviour in the field. Sarah van Broekhoven Supervisors: Marcel Dicke Mariella Herberstein Felipe Gawryszewski Table of content Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 Materials & Methods.................................................................................................................. 6 Plants and insects ................................................................................................................... 6 Experimental setup................................................................................................................. 7 Statistical analysis .................................................................................................................. 7 Results........................................................................................................................................ 8 Spectral reflectance curves..................................................................................................... 8 Between-patch analyses ....................................................................................................... 10 Within-patch analyses .......................................................................................................... 13 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 15 Between-patch -
Spiders of Albania – Faunistic and Zoogeographical Review (Arachnida: Araneae)
ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Acta zool. bulg., 63 (2), 2011: 125-144 Spiders of Albania – Faunistic and Zoogeographical Review (Arachnida: Araneae) Christo Deltshev1, Blerina Vrenosi2, Gergin Blagoev3, Stoyan Lazarov4 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofi a, Bulgaria; E-mail:[email protected] 2 Museum of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University, Tirana; E-mail: [email protected] 3 Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; E-mail: [email protected] 4 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofi a, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The spider fauna of Albania is still insuffi ciently studied. The present list was compiled after a critical review of the existing literature data and taxonomic review of some available collections. The study comprises 335 species from 36 families. In this number, 197 species are new to the spider fauna of the country. According to their current distribution the species can be assigned to 18 zoogeographical catego- ries, grouped into 5 complexes (Cosmopolitic, Holarctic, European, Mediterranean, Endemics). Dominant are Holarctic species (56.4%) followed by European (16.4%) and Mediterranean (16.2%). The endemics (8%) are also well presented and refl ect the local character of the fauna and the main role of the Balkan Peninsula in its origin and formation. Key words: Spiders, Araneae, fauna, Albania Introduction Spider fauna of Albania is still poorly investigated. and MUSTER (2009). With these papers the number The fi rst reports for Albanian spiders came from of Albanian spider species increased to 125, which SIMON (1884) (3 species announced) and STRAND shows that the spider fauna of Albania is still insuf- (1919) (9 species). -
Sit-And-Wait Forager Or Aggressive Spider Predator: Araneophagic Cases of Orb-Weaving Spiders by Crab Spiders of the Genus Thomisus (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Invertebrate Zoology, 2020, 17(2): 189–194 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2020 Sit-and-wait forager or aggressive spider predator: Araneophagic cases of orb-weaving spiders by crab spiders of the genus Thomisus (Araneae: Thomisidae) Yuya Suzuki Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Observational cases of predation and consumption on web-building spiders by two crab spiders from Japan, Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881 and T. kitamurai Nakatsudi, 1943 are reported based on the data collected from non-peer reviewed articles, illustrated books and various sources on the internet. Prey of Thomisus spiders mainly comprised orb-weaving spiders (Aranaidae), most frequently Nephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878). This publication represents the first description of web-invasion and araneophagy of orb-weaver spiders by Thomisidae in a research paper. How to cite this article: Suzuki Yuya. 2020. Sit-and-wait forager or aggressive spider predator: Araneophagic cases of orb-weaving spiders by crab spiders of the genus Thomisus (Araneae: Thomisidae) // Invert. Zool. Vol.17. No.2. P.189–194. doi: 10.15298/invertzool. 17.2.08 KEY WORDS. Araneophagy, crab spiders, dietary specialization, field observations, orb webs. Фуражировщик-засадчик или агрессивный хищник на пауков: Случаи аранеофагии, или нападения на пауков-кругопрядов со стороны пауков-бокоходов рода Thomisus (Araneae: Thomisidae) Юя Судзуки Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] РЕЗЮМЕ. По литературным и интернет-данным описаны случаи охоты на пауков- кругопрядов и их поедания со стороны двух видов пауков-бокоходов из Японии, Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881 и T. -
Additions to the Crab Spider Fauna of Iran (Araneae: Thomisidae)
© Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. Frankfurt/Main; http://arages.de/ Arachnologische Mitteilungen / Arachnology Letters 53: 1-8 Karlsruhe, April 2017 Additions to the crab spider fauna of Iran (Araneae: Thomisidae) Najmeh Kiany, Saber Sadeghi, Mohsen Kiany, Alireza Zamani & Sheidokht Ostovani doi: 10.5431/aramit5301 Abstract. In this study, the crab spider (Thomisidae) fauna of Fars Province in Iran is investigated and some additional new records are given for both the country and the province. The species Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973, Synema anatolica Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2009, Thomisus unidentatus Dippenaar-Schoeman & van Harten, 2007 and Xysticus abramovi Marusik & Logunov, 1995 are new records for Iran, while Heriaeus spinipalpus Loerbroks, 1983, Ozyptila tricoloripes Strand, 1913, Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837), Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775), Thomisus zyuzini Marusik & Logunov, 1990, Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968, X. loeffleriRoewer, 1955 and X. striatipes L. Koch, 1870 are new to the fauna of Fars Province. Keywords: Fars, faunistic study, new records Zusammenfassung. Ergänzungen zur Krabbenspinnenfauna des Iran (Araneae: Thomisidae). Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden die Krabbenspinnen (Thomisidae) der Fars Provinz im Iran erfasst. Die Arten Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973, Synema anatolica Demir, Aktas & Topçu, 2009, Thomisus unidentatus Dippenaar-Schoeman & van Harten, 2007 und Xysticus abramovi Marusik & Logunov, 1995 sind Neunachweise für den Iran, während Heriaeus spinipalpus Loerbroks, 1983, Ozyptila tricoloripes Strand, 1913, Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837), Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775), Thomisus zyuzini Marusik & Logunov, 1990, Xysticus kaznakovi Utochkin, 1968, X. loeffleri Roewer, 1955 und X. striatipes L. Koch, 1870 erstmals für die Fars Provinz nachgewiesen werden konnten. In spite of recent increases in the faunistic data on Thomisi- Results dae in Iran, the family must be considered as poorly studied A total number of 14 species from seven genera were iden- in this country (Zamani et al. -
The Significance of Male Pedipalpal Characters for the Higher Systematics of the Crab Spider Genus Xysticus C.L
329 European Arachnology 2000 (S. Toft & N. Scharff eds.), pp. 329-336. © Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 2002. ISBN 87 7934 001 6 (Proceedings of the 19th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Århus 17-22 July 2000) The significance of male pedipalpal characters for the higher systematics of the crab spider genus Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 (Araneae: Thomisidae) ELKE JANTSCHER Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria ([email protected]) Abstract Male pedipalp characters support the hypothesis that there are potentially at least three clades within European Xysticus s.l. C.L. Koch, 1835 (Araneae: Thomisidae). These clades correspond with the older, but currently synonymised, genera Proxysticus Dalmas, 1922 and Psammitis Menge, 1875. Synapomorphies in the male pedipalp shared with other thomisid genera (e.g. Coriarachne Thorell, 1870, Ozyptila Simon, 1864) suggest that Xysticus s.l. represents a paraphyletic group. Key words: Thomisidae, Xysticus, Psammitis, Proxysticus, systematics, phylogeny INTRODUCTION draw into question the monophyly of Xysticus Xysticus C.L. Koch, 1835 is the most species- s.l. rich genus within the family Thomisidae (crab spiders) and contains more than 340 species HISTORY (Ono 1988). These are widely distributed, but During the last 150 years there have already occur mainly in the northern hemisphere. It is been other arachnologists who realised that not the number of species but the enormous Xysticus is heterogeneous and tried to solve the heterogeneity in genital and morphological problem by splitting the genus or establishing characters within the Xysticus species that subtaxa. Some of the main points in the history makes it difficult to resolve relationships be- of Xysticus, since it was first described by C.L. -
The Role of UV in Crab Spider Signals: Effects on Perception by Prey and Predators Astrid M
The Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3925-3931 3925 Published by The Company of Biologists 2005 doi:10.1242/jeb.01861 The role of UV in crab spider signals: effects on perception by prey and predators Astrid M. Heiling1,*, Ken Cheng2, Lars Chittka3, Ann Goeth1 and Marie E. Herberstein1 1Department of Biological Sciences and 2Centre for the Integrative Study of Animal Behaviour, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109 NSW Australia, 3School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 25 August 2005 Summary Australian crab spiders Thomisus spectabilis sit on the spiders, UV– spiders produced less excitation of the UV- petals of flowers and ambush prey such as honeybees. photoreceptors in honeybees and blue tits, which White-coloured T. spectabilis reflect in the UV (UV+ translated into a reduced UV-receptor contrast and a spiders) and previous research has shown that their reduced overall colour contrast between UV– spiders and presence, curiously, attracts honeybees to daisies. We daisy petals. Our results reveal that a clean physical applied an UV-absorber (Parsol®) to create UV-absorbing elimination of reflection in the UV range affects (UV–) spiders that did not reflect any light below 395·nm perception in predators and prey and ultimately changes wavelength. These physical changes of visual signals the behaviour of prey. generated by crab spiders caused honeybees to avoid flowers with UV– spiders on their petals. They also affected the perception of UV– spiders by honeybees and a Key words: Thomisus spectabilis, Apis mellifera, communication, potential avian predator (blue tits). -
Table S1. List of Ant Species Recorded During the Preliminary Assessment of the Ant Fauna of the Study Area
Table S1. List of ant species recorded during the preliminary assessment of the ant fauna of the study area. Species marked with an asterisk were not recorded within the orchard, but exclusively at its external margins. Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798) * Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792) Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825) Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763) Colobopsis truncata (Spinola, 1808) Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1792) Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1771) Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1792) * Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798) * Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758) Lasius paralienus Seifert, 1992 Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931 Myrmica sabuleti Meinert, 1861 Polyergus rufescens (Latreille, 1798) Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798) Tapinoma subboreale Seifert, 1992 Temnothorax italicus (Consani, 1952) Tetramorium sp. (caespitum-complex) Table S2. List of arthropods (ants excluded) observed on the trees during the experiment. Species not observed during weekly investigation of the focal branches but instead during other activities are marked with an asterisk. Taxon Order, Family (unidentified) * Acarina Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 * Araneae, Araneidae Cyclosa sp. * Araneae, Araneidae Others (unidentified) Araneae, Araneidae Clubiona sp. * Araneae, Clubionidae Cheiracanthium sp. Araneae, Eutichuridae (unidentified) * Araneae, Gnaphosidae Oxyopes sp. Araneae, Oxyopidae Palpimanus gibbulus Dufour, 1820 * Araneae, Palpimanidae Heliophanus sp. * Araneae, Salticidae Others (unidentified) -
2012 "32Nd PAKISTAN CONGRESS of ZOOLOGY (INTERNATIONAL
PROCEEDINGS OF PAKISTAN CONGRESS OF ZOOLOGY (Proc. Pakistan Congr. Zool.) Volume 32 2012 CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ i Programme ........................................................................................................ ii Members of the Congress ................................................................................. xi Citations Life Time Achievement Award 2012 Dr. T.J. Roberts .............................................................................................. xix Prof. Dr. Fatima Mujib Bilqees ....................................................................... xxi Zoologist of the Year Award 2012......................................................... xxii Prof. Dr. Mirza Azhar Beg Gold Medal 2012 ....................................... xxiii Gold Medals for M.Sc. and Ph.D. positions 2012 .................................. xxiv Research Articles JAVED, A., MUZAFFAR, N. AND QAZI, J.I. Quality assessment of some branded honey samples marketed in Lahore ............................................... 1 ASLAM, S. AND QAZI, J.I. Profile of metals’ resistant denitrifying bacteria at different depths of tanneries’ effluents effected soil ................ 13 AMIN, N. AND QAZI, J.I. Cultivation of Bacillus subtilis-a4, a fish growth escalating probiotic in sugarcane bagasse ................................................ 25 SOME ABSTRACTS .................................................................................... -
Araneae : Thomisidae) from Madhya Pradesh, India
SURVEY Of leOlA •• W""z:~~ :: Rec. zool. Surv. India: 103 (Part 1-2) : 123-130, 2004 DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF CRAB SPIDERS (ARANEAE : THOMISIDAE) FROM MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA PAWAN GAJBE Central Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, 424, New Adarsh Colony, Kamla Nehru Nagar, labalpur-482 002 INTRODUCTION Crab spiders oflhe genus Runcinia Simon, 1875 are not well known from India. Simon (1895) described the species Runcinia bifrons and Reimoser (1934) described Runcinia escheri from India. Tikader (1965) described Runcinia roonwali; Sen and Basu (1972) described Runcinia chauhani and Tikader (1980) Runcinia ghorpadei. Recently, Gajbe and Gajbe (2000b) described the species Runcinia yogeshi from India. Unlike other crab spider genera, the genus Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 is well represented from India. Stoliczka (1869) described the species Thomisus elongatus and T. pugilis; Simon (1906) described Thomisus granulifrons, T. leucaspis and T. rigoratus. Dyal (1935) described two species Thomisus albens and T. tuberculatus. Tikader (1960) described the species Thomisus bulani, T. dhakuriensis and T. projectus. The species Thomisus sikkimensis was described by Tikader (1962) and Thomisus katrajghatus by Tikader (1963). Basu (1963) described Thomisus so raja ii; Sen (1963) described Thomisus shillongensis, and Sen and Basu (1963) Thomisus memae. Basu (1965) described one species Thomisus beautifularis, while Tikader (1965) described three species Thomisus lobosus, T. pooneus and T. shivajiensis. Tikader (1966, 1970) described Thomisus cherapunjeus and T. rishus, respectively. Tikader (1980) described Thomisus andamanensis from the Andaman Islands, Reddy and Patel (1992) described two species Thomisus godavariae and T. krishnae. Kumari and Mittal (1997) described two species Thomisus dyali and T.