DOCSLIB.ORG

Watercraft, People, and Animals: Setting the Stage for the Neolithic Colonization of the Mediterranean Islands of Cyprus and Crete

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Watercraft, People, and Animals: Setting the Stage for the Neolithic Colonization of the Mediterranean Islands of Cyprus and Crete UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2015 Watercraft, People, and Animals: Setting the Stage for the Neolithic Colonization of the Mediterranean Islands of Cyprus and Crete Katelyn Dibenedetto University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Repository Citation Dibenedetto, Katelyn, "Watercraft, People, and Animals: Setting the Stage for the Neolithic Colonization of the Mediterranean Islands of Cyprus and Crete" (2015). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/7645879 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WATERCRAFT, PEOPLE, AND ANIMALS: SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE NEOLITHIC COLONIZATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS OF CYPRUS AND CRETE By Katelyn DiBenedetto Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology University at Albany 2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts—Anthropology Department of Anthropology College of Liberal Arts The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2015 We recommend the thesis prepared under our supervision by Katelyn DiBenedetto entitled Watercraft, People, and Animals: Setting the Stage for the Neolithic Colonization of the Mediterranean Islands of Cyprus and Crete is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts - Anthropology Department of Anthropology Alan Simmons, Ph.D., Committee Chair Barbara Roth, Ph.D., Committee Member Levent Atici, Ph.D., Committee Member Stephen M. Rowland, Ph.D., Graduate College Representative Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D., Interim Dean of the Graduate College May 2015 ii ABSTRACT One of the most significant developments in human history was the “Neolithic Revolution,” which first began around 11,000 years ago in mainland Southwest Asia. It resulted in not only the economic reorientation from hunting and foraging to herding and farming based on domesticate resources, but also significant changes in human technology, demography, society, political organization, ideology and human relationships to the environment. In order to understand this momentous process, however, it is important to understand the events that set it in motion. This is particularly the case when dealing with oceanic Mediterranean islands, specifically Cyprus and Crete, where there is a known Pre- Neolithic presence. The purpose of this literature-based thesis research will be to address both the Pre-Neolithic and Early Neolithic on these two islands. Four main questions will be examined: 1) What were the climatic conditions faced by the earliest seafarers/ explorers?; 2) What were the earliest types of watercraft used?; 3) What is the evidence for an early human presence?; 4) Is there ethnographic evidence cross-culturally that documents how wild and domesticated plants and animals, but animals in particular, were transported between landmasses using watercraft technology? The purpose of this thesis is to provide the necessary framework for my subsequent dissertation, which will examine more specifically the zooarchaeological remains at the site of Ais Giorkis. Furthermore, it will also allow these two islands (but particularly Cyprus) to be placed within the broader Neolithic context of both mainland Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Basin. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to extend a huge thanks to my committee members, specifically Dr. Alan Simmons (committee chair), Dr. Barbara Roth, Dr. Levent Atici, and Dr. Stephen Rowland. You have all been incredibly helpful and supportive throughout this process. Dr. Simmons, you have, in particular, given up countless office hours, lunches, and field time to discuss my ideas as well as calm me down when I became too anxious or ambitious (which happened more often than not). You also provided me with the opportunity to work on several chapters in you book (Simmons 2014). In spite of being a new graduate student, you had enough faith and trust in me to make me first author on three chapters (DiBenedetto and Simmons 2014a, 2014b, 2014c). Some of the material from my thesis is extracted from these chapters; noted in the introduction and wherever the material occurs. While it was a nerve-wracking experience, it was also fun and I am truly grateful for the chance you took on me. It has truly been a pleasure working with you and I look forward to continuing under your supervision for the dissertation. I would next like to express gratitude to my undergraduate advisor, Dr. Stuart Swiny, and his incredible wife, Helena Wylde-Swiny. I will never forget the very first class I took with Stuart—I was hooked on studying the island of Cyprus and becoming more involved in Anthropology/ Archaeology. You served as my mentor for three years as an undergraduate, helping me to grow professionally and personally. Furthermore, you continue to mentor me today and I truly consider you to be part of my family. I am proud to say I am a ‘Swinyite.’ As for Laina, the first time I met you, you helped me navigate Boston and find my way around Harvard. You continue to serve as an inspiration, being an incredibly strong and intelligent woman. iv I owe much to my fellow cohort member and friend, Levi Keach. You have not only listened ad nauseum to my ideas (sometimes far-fetched), but also allowed me to rant to you when I was having a terrible day. Finally, my maps would not look half as great without your help. I would also like to thank Russell Watters for drafting several of the illustrations in this thesis. They all look great and I appreciate the time and effort you put into finishing them, especially since it was over winter break. I would also like to give a shout out to several friends: Matthew Martinez, Laura Gryder, Celeste Giordano, Tim Ferguson, and Mike Moncrieff. Without this eclectic group, graduate school would have been a much more miserable and painful place. You guys all made me laugh when I needed it the most. I look forward to seeing what we all do with our futures. Finally, and most importantly, the biggest thanks goes to my parents and my two sisters. Without all of your constant support and encouragement, I would have not made it this far in graduate school. Mom, you are by far the strongest person I know and I greatly admire and look up to you. Dad, you have always been there for me through thick and thin. Megan and Emily, what would I do without the two of you! You are not only my sisters, but also my two best friends. I am incredibly proud of both of you and look forward to the many adventures we share together in the coming years. v DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my mom and dad. Your constant support and encouragement, helped me to continue to pursue my dreams. Who knew a dining room table covered in books and papers for months would lead to this! Thank you both. You mean the world to me! vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………iv DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………vi LIST OF TABLES..……………………………………………………………………….x LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………….xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….1 Theoretical Perspective………………………………………………………………….2 Research Questions and Methodology………………………………………………….5 A Note on Chronology and Use of the Terms ‘Pre-’ and ‘Early’ Neolithic…………11 Significance of the Thesis………………………………………………………………12 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND THEORETICAL CONTEXT AND PERSPECTIVE………………………………………………………………………….14 The Possible Predecessor to Seafaring and Methodological Considerations……….14 Island Colonization……………………………………………………………………..22 Diffusion of the Neolithic……………………………………………………………….34 CHAPTER 3 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN…………………………………………………………………………………...44 The Birth of the Mediterranean Basin………………………………………………...45 Physical Features of the Mediterranean Basin……………………………………….49 Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Contexts………………………………………..55 Putting the Pieces Together: Why Physical Conditions of the Mediterranean Basin Matter for a Discussion on Early Seafaring?................................................................99 vii CHAPTER 4 MISSING WATERCRAFT AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: THE CHALLENGES OF DOCUMENTING EARLY SEAFARING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN............................................……………………………..102 Determining Types of Watercraft…………………………………………………….103 What Were the Earliest Types of Watercraft in the Mediterranean?.......................105 Indirect Archaeological Evidence for Early Seafaring……………………………...116 Experimental Studies in the Mediterranean………………………………………....127 Missing (Invisible?) Archaeological Sites: The Problems of Documenting Early Seafaring in the Mediterranean………………………………………………………135 CHAPTER 5 EVIDENCE FOR AN
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in Libya
    Marine TurTle research and conservaTion in libya a conTribuTion To safeguarding MediTerranean biodiversiTy legal notice: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) and United Nations Environment Programme / Mediterranean Action Plan (UNEP/MAP) concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. copyright: All property rights of texts and content of different types of this publication belong to SPA/RAC. Reproduction of these texts and contents, in whole or in part, and in any form, is prohibited without prior written permission from SPA/RAC, except for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. © 2021 united nations environment Programme Mediterranean action Plan specially Protected areas regional activity centre Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 - 1080 Tunis Cedex – TUNISIA [email protected] for bibliographic purposes, this volume may be cited as: SPA/RAC-UNEP/MAP, 2021. Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in Libya: A contribution to safeguarding Mediterranean Biodiversity. By Abdulmaula Hamza. Ed. SPA/RAC, Tunis: pages 77. cover photo credit: sPa/rac, artescienza copyright of the photos: libsTP The present report has been prepared in the framework of the Marine Turtles project fnanced by MAVA. For more information: www-spa-rac.org Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in Libya A contribution to safeguarding Mediterranean Biodiversity Study required and fnanced by: Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Minoan Religion
    MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS MINOAN RELIGION STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION Frederick M. Denny, Editor The Holy Book in Comparative Perspective Arjuna in the Mahabharata: Edited by Frederick M. Denny and Where Krishna Is, There Is Victory Rodney L. Taylor By Ruth Cecily Katz Dr. Strangegod: Ethics, Wealth, and Salvation: On the Symbolic Meaning of Nuclear Weapons A Study in Buddhist Social Ethics By Ira Chernus Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer Native American Religious Action: A Performance Approach to Religion By Ritual Criticism: Sam Gill Case Studies in Its Practice, Essays on Its Theory By Ronald L. Grimes The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of The Dragons of Tiananmen: Quiet-Sitting Beijing as a Sacred City By By Rodney L. Taylor Jeffrey F. Meyer Human Rights and the Conflict of Cultures: The Other Sides of Paradise: Western and Islamic Perspectives Explorations into the Religious Meanings on Religious Liberty of Domestic Space in Islam By David Little, John Kelsay, By Juan Eduardo Campo and Abdulaziz A. Sachedina Sacred Masks: Deceptions and Revelations By Henry Pernet The Munshidin of Egypt: Their World and Their Song The Third Disestablishment: By Earle H. Waugh Regional Difference in Religion and Personal Autonomy 77u' Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: By Phillip E. Hammond Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response Minoan Religion: Ritual, Image, and Symbol By By George D. Bond Nanno Marinatos A History of the Jews of Arabia: From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse Under Islam By Gordon Darnell Newby MINOAN RELIGION Ritual, Image, and Symbol NANNO MARINATOS University of South Carolina Press Copyright © 1993 University of South Carolina Published in Columbia, South Carolina, by the University of South Carolina Press Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marinatos, Nanno.
    [Show full text]
  • MIRROR MIRROR the Mind’S Mirror FILMS Seaglass 4 Restaurant 5 Outdoor Exhibits with Zarinah Agnew 7:30 P.M
    AFTER DARK AFTER DARK SCHEDULE MAP PRESENTATIONS ACTIVITIES Upper Level Bay Observatory Gallery and Terrace 6 Observing Landscapes Mirrors in Technology and Art Through the Looking Glass Mirrors in Technology and Art With Sebastian Martin With the Explainers 6 With Sebastian Martin 6:30–8:30 p.m. | Bay Observatory Gallery 6:30–9:30 p.m. | Central Gallery 6:30–8:30 p.m. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2015 A Reflection on Mirrors Light Boxes and Anamorphic Mirrors The History of Mirrors 6:00—10:00 P.M. With Ron Hipschman With Explorables With Massimo Mazzotti 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. 7:00–10:00 p.m. | Central Gallery Main Level 8:30 p.m. Phyllis C. Wattis Webcast Studio BAR North Gallery MIRROR MIRROR The Mind’s Mirror FILMS SeaGlass 4 Restaurant 5 Outdoor Exhibits With Zarinah Agnew 7:30 p.m. | Kanbar Forum On Reflection East Gallery 9:00 p.m. | Kanbar Forum 4 Living Systems The History of Mirrors East With Massimo Mazzotti Corridor Contemplando la Ciudad (2005, 4 min.) Central Gallery 8:30 p.m. | Bay Observatory Gallery by Angela Reginato 5 3 Seeing & Listening Visions of a City (1978, 8 min.) by Lawrence Jordan A Reflection on Mirrors INSTALLATIONS BAR 3 With Ron Hipschman Suspended 2 (2005, 5 min.) by Amy Hicks Wattis 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. The Infinity Boxes Webcast Phyllis C. Wattis Webcast Studio Studio By Matt Elson Pier 15 (2013, 4 min.) by Michael Rudnick 6:00–10:00 p.m. | Central Gallery The Infinity Boxes By Matt Elson Visible Spectres 6:00–10:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Nile Valley-Levant Interactions: an Eclectic Review
    Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2013. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review. In Neolithisation of Northeastern Africa, ed. Noriyuki Shirai. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 16: 237-247. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:31887680 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP In: N. Shirai (ed.) Neolithization of Northeastern Africa. Studies in Early Near Eastern: Production, Subsistence, & Environment 16, ex oriente: Berlin. pp. 237-247. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review Ofer Bar-Yosef Department of Anthropology, Harvard University Opening remarks Writing a review of a prehistoric province as an outsider is not a simple task. The archaeological process, as we know today, is an integration of data sets – the information from the field and the laboratory analyses, and the interpretation that depends on the paradigm held by the writer affected by his or her personal experience. Even monitoring the contents of most of the published and online literature is a daunting task. It is particularly true for looking at the Egyptian Neolithic during the transition from foraging to farming and herding, when most of the difficulties originate from the poorly known bridging regions. A special hurdle is the terminological conundrum of the Neolithic, as Andrew Smith and Alison Smith discusses in this volume, and in particular the term “Neolithisation” that finally made its way to the Levantine literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Transkulturelle Verflechtungsprozesse in Der Vormoderne Das Mittelalter Perspektiven Mediävistischer Forschung
    Transkulturelle Verflechtungsprozesse in der Vormoderne Das Mittelalter Perspektiven mediävistischer Forschung Beihefte Herausgegeben von Ingrid Baumgärtner, Stephan Conermann und Thomas Honegger Band 3 Wolfram Drews, Christian Scholl (Hrsg.) Transkulturelle Verflechtungsprozesse in der Vormoderne ISBN 978-3-11-044483-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-044548-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-044550-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2016 Walter De Gruyter GmbH Berlin/Boston Datenkonvertierung/Satz: Satzstudio Borngräber, Dessau-Roßlau Druck und Bindung: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Inhaltsverzeichnis Wolfram Drews / Christian Scholl (Münster) Transkulturelle Verflechtungsprozesse in der Vormoderne. Zur Einleitung — VII Transkulturelle Wahrnehmungsprozesse und Diskurse Roland Scheel (Göttingen) Byzanz und Nordeuropa zwischen Kontakt, Verflechtung und Rezeption — 3 Lutz Rickelt (Münster) Zum Franken geworden. Zum Franken gemacht? Der Vorwurf der ‚Frankophilie‘ im spätbyzantinischen Binnendiskurs — 35 Kristin Skottki (Rostock) Kolonialismus avant la lettre? Zur umstrittenen Bedeutung der lateinischen Kreuzfahrerherrschaften in der Levante
    [Show full text]
  • Data Structure
    Data structure – Water The aim of this document is to provide a short and clear description of parameters (data items) that are to be reported in the data collection forms of the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) data collection campaigns 2013–2014. The data itself should be reported by means of MS Excel sheets as suggested in the document UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31, chapter 2.3, p. 22. Aggregated data can also be reported via on-line forms available in the GMP data warehouse (GMP DWH). Structure of the database and associated code lists are based on following documents, recommendations and expert opinions as adopted by the Stockholm Convention COP6 in 2013: · Guidance on the Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants UNEP/POPS/COP.6/INF/31 (version January 2013) · Conclusions of the Meeting of the Global Coordination Group and Regional Organization Groups for the Global Monitoring Plan for POPs, held in Geneva, 10–12 October 2012 · Conclusions of the Meeting of the expert group on data handling under the global monitoring plan for persistent organic pollutants, held in Brno, Czech Republic, 13-15 June 2012 The individual reported data component is inserted as: · free text or number (e.g. Site name, Monitoring programme, Value) · a defined item selected from a particular code list (e.g., Country, Chemical – group, Sampling). All code lists (i.e., allowed values for individual parameters) are enclosed in this document, either in a particular section (e.g., Region, Method) or listed separately in the annexes below (Country, Chemical – group, Parameter) for your reference.
    [Show full text]
  • OAR Strategy (2020-2026)
    OAR Strategy 2020-2026 Deliver NOAA’s Future OAR Strategic Plan | 1 2 | OAR Strategic Plan Contents 4 Introduction 5 Vision and Mission 5 Values 6 Organization 8 OAR’s Changing Operating Landscape 10 Strategic Approach 13 Goals and Objectives 14 Explore the Marine Environment 15 Detect Changes in the Ocean and Atmosphere 16 Make Forecasts Better 17 Drive Innovative Science 18 Appendix I: Strategic Mapping 19 Appendix II: Congressional Mandates OAR Strategic Plan | 3 Introduction Introduction — A Message from Craig McLean Message from Craig McLean The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was created to include a major Line Office, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), focused on determining the relationship between the atmosphere and the ocean. That task has been at the core of OAR’s work for the past half century, performed by federal and academic scientists and in the proud company of our other Line Offices of NOAA. Principally a research organization, OAR has contributed soundly to NOAA’s reputation as being among the finest government science agencies worldwide. Our work is actively improving daily weather forecasts and severe storm warnings, furthering public understanding of our climate future and the global role of the ocean, and helping create more resilient communities for a sound economy. Our research advances products and services that protect lives and livelihoods, the economy, and the environment. The research landscape of tomorrow will be different from that of today. There will likely be additional contributors to the sciences we study, including more involvement from the private sector, increased philanthropic participation, and greater academic integration.
    [Show full text]
  • Oar Manual(PDF)
    TABLE OF CONTENTS OAR ASSEMBLY IMPORTANT INFORMATION 2 & USE MANUAL GLOSSARY OF TERMS 3 ASSEMBLY Checking the Overall Length of your Oars .......................4 Setting Your Adjustable Handles .......................................4 Setting Proper Oar Length ................................................5 Collar – Installing and Positioning .....................................5 Visit concept2.com RIGGING INFORMATION for the latest updates Setting Inboard: and product information. on Sculls .......................................................................6 on Sweeps ...................................................................6 Putting the Oars in the Boat .............................................7 Oarlocks ............................................................................7 C.L.A.M.s ..........................................................................7 General Rigging Concepts ................................................8 Common Ranges for Rigging Settings .............................9 Checking Pitch ..................................................................10 MAINTENANCE General Care .....................................................................11 Sleeve and Collar Care ......................................................11 Handle and Grip Care ........................................................11 Evaluation of Damage .......................................................12 Painting Your Blades .........................................................13 ALSO AVAILABLE FROM
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas
    Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA BASINS Main seas, straits and gulfs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, together with locations mentioned in the text for the distribution of marine mammals and sea turtles Ukraine Russia SEA OF AZOV Kerch Strait Crimea Romania Georgia Slovenia France Croatia BLACK SEA Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Monaco Bosphorus LIGURIAN SEA Montenegro Strait Pelagos Sanctuary Gulf of Italy Lion ADRIATIC SEA Albania Corsica Drini Bay Spain Dardanelles Strait Greece BALEARIC SEA Turkey Sardinia Algerian- TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA Balearic Islands Provençal IONIAN SEA Syria Basin Strait of Sicily Cyprus Strait of Sicily Gibraltar ALBORAN SEA Hellenic Trench Lebanon Tunisia Malta LEVANTINE SEA Israel Algeria West Morocco Bank Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of SirteMEDITERRANEAN SEA Gaza Strip Jordan Suez Canal Egypt Gulf of Sirte Libya RED SEA Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Compiled by María del Mar Otero and Michela Conigliaro The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by Compiled by María del Mar Otero IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain © IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain Michela Conigliaro IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Copyright © 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources With the support of Catherine Numa IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • World Cruise - 2022 Use the Down Arrow from a Form Field
    This document contains both information and form fields. To read information, World Cruise - 2022 use the Down Arrow from a form field. 20 world JAN 5, 2022 JAN 19, 2022 JAN 19, 2022 JAN 5, 2022 111 days 111 days 97 days 88 days 22 cruise roundtrip from roundtrip from Los Angeles to Ft. Lauderdale Ft. Lauderdale Los Angeles Ft. Lauderdale to Rome Florence/Pisa (Livorno) Genoa Rome (Civitavecchia) Catania Monte Carlo (Sicily) MONACO ITALY Naples Marseille Mykonos FRANCE GREECE Kusadasi PORTUGAL Atlantic Barcelona Heraklion Ocean SPAIN (Crete) Los Angeles Lisbon TURKEY UNITED Bermuda Ceuta Jerusalem/Bethlehem STATES (West End) (Spanish Morocco) Seville (Ashdod) ine (Cadiz) ISRAEL Athens e JORDAN Dubai Agadir (Piraeus) Aqaba Pacific MEXICO Madeira UNITED ARAB Ocean MOROCCO l Dat L (Funchal) Malta EMIRATES Ft. Lauderdale CANARY (Valletta) Suez Abu ISLANDS Canal Honolulu Huatulco Dhabi ne inn Puerto Santa Cruz Lanzarote OMAN a a Hawaii r o Hilo Vallarta NICARAGUA (Arrecife) de Tenerife Salãlah t t Kuala Lumpur I San Juan del Sur Cartagena (Port Kelang) Costa Rica COLOMBIA Sri Lanka PANAMA (Puntarenas) Equator (Colombo) Singapore Equator Panama Canal MALAYSIA INDONESIA Bali SAMOA (Benoa) AMERICAN Apia SAMOA Pago Pago AUSTRALIA South Pacific South Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Ocean Perth Auckland (Fremantle) Adelaide Sydney New Plymouth Burnie Picton Departure Ports Tasmania Christchurch More Ashore (Lyttelton) Overnight Fiordland NEW National Park ZEALAND up to continentscontinents (North America, South America, 111 51 Australia, Europe, Africa
    [Show full text]
  • The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
    Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Rocky Future for Somalia's Ancient Cave
    Indian historical epic sweeps ‘Bollywood Oscars’ MONDAY, JUNE 27, 2016 37 Indian Muslims offer prayers on the third Friday of the holy fasting month of Ramadan in Lucknow, India. — AP Master of street fashion photography Bill Cunningham dead at 87 egendary New York Times fashion pho- mentary about Cunningham, Anna Wintour- Mayor Bill de Blasio’s office wrote on Twitter. Bantam Dell who was often photographed by tographer Bill Cunningham died the powerful editor of American Vogue and De Blasio added: “We will remember Bill’s Cunningham, first met the photographer LSaturday, according to the paper where one of the photographer’s muses-marveled at blue jacket and bicycle. But most of all we “many, many years ago” on a cold February he worked for nearly 40 years. He was 87. his ability to “see something, on the street or will remember the vivid, vivacious New York day during New York Fashion Week. Cunningham, whose watchful eye brought on the runway, that completely missed all of he captured in his photos.” Cunningham’s “I didn’t yet know him and he certainly did- images of New Yorkers-from the well-heeled us. And in six months’ time, that will be a “wealth of knowledge is absolutely stagger- n’t know me, but he did notice that I was inap- to unsuspecting trendsetters-to the public, trend!” Frank Rich, a former New York Times ing and he is self-effacing,” one of the found- propriately dressed for the blizzard-like condi- had been hospitalized recently after a stroke, columnist and executive producer of the HBO ing editors of InStyle magazine, Hal tions,” Cho told The Hollywood Reporter.
    [Show full text]