University of Texas at Austin Department of Middle Eastern Studies

TUR 329: TURKISH CINEMA Spring 2019

Unique #: 41385 Course Hours and Room: Instructor: Jeannette Okur MWF 12:00-1:00 PM in PAR 103 Office: CAL 509 Office Hours: T-TH 11:00 AM-12:00 PM Email: jeannette.okur @austin.utexas.edu or by appointment

Course Description: Global flows of information, technology, and people have defined Turkish cinema since its inception in the early 20th century. This course, taught entirely in Turkish, will introduce different approaches to studying cinema, while also providing students with the opportunity to achieve advanced-level language skills. This is a screening-intensive course, and we will watch a wide range of films, including popular, arthouse, auteur-made, generic, and independent works. In each unit, we will read film history and criticism in both Turkish and English and closely examine primary sources in their original language. Our goal will be to determine what constitutes Turkish cinema as a national cinema and identify the ways in which its constitutive elements are part of transnational movements. To this end, we will discuss the socio-political contexts, industrial trends, aesthetic sensitivities, and representation strategies of selected films. By constantly reformulating the essential question of “what Turkish cinema is,” we seek to understand how ’s filmmakers, critics, cultural policy-makers, and viewers have answered this question in different historical periods. Prerequisite: TUR 320K/TUR381K with a letter grade of C or higher (or via placement via successful performance on the DMES Turkish placement exam)

Language/Content Learning Objectives: By the end of TUR 329 you will, inşallah: • initiate, sustain, and close a general conversation with a number of strategies appropriate to a range of circumstances and topics, despite errors. • narrate, describe and interpret in major time frames using connected discourse of paragraph length, with increasing consistency. • communicate facts, relay opinions, and talk casually about topics of public and personal interest, using general vocabulary and film terminology • understand routine social interaction and main ideas (in the films watched) and most details of informal connected discourse on a variety of topics beyond the immediacy of the situation. • understand main ideas and some facts from aural texts, including interviews with film directors, actors and critics. • transcribe, re-voice and translate character dialog in short film clips with increasing accuracy. • read prose several paragraphs in length, and (particularly if presented with a clear underlying structure and if the prose is predominantly in familiar sentence patterns) understand the main ideas and facts. • distinguish between facts and opinions and identify the argumentative features of prose several paragraphs in length. • take notes, write cohesive summaries, as well as narratives and descriptions of a factual nature, formulating paragraphs in which the use of cohesive elements is limited, but an expanded vocabulary base and good control of the basic structures is evident. • write short critical essays (at a similar discourse level) that display appropriate use of primary and secondary sources, and organizational coherence. • display limited sociocultural proficiency, e.g. will be able to

1 o engage in social conversations and to greet, bid farewell, express desires and requests, and share opinions on a range of personal and public issues in a manner that is appropriate both to our American academic setting and a potential Turkish social setting o relate general information and brief historical facts about Turkish cinema, including the names of important people and major institutions. o access and evaluate information and diverse perspectives available through Turkish film journals, news and social media o recall key details about the socio-political contexts, industrial trends, aesthetic sensitivities, and representation strategies of selected Turkish films, when these are referenced by native speakers o identify differences between your own culture and Turkish culture as reflected in film narratives and character speech/interaction, then attempt to adjust your behavior and linguistic use accordingly.

Course Topic Outline

I. Pre- and Early Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey until the Late 1950s A. Introductions B. Early Cinema C. Sound, Music, Narrative II. High Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey in the 1960s and 1970s A. Industry and Dubbing B. Genres and Films 1. Melodrama/Arabesk 2. Comedy 3. Copy Culture, Sci-Fi and Historical Fiction III. Yeşilçam ‘Misfits’ A. Social Realist Auteurs B. Documentary Educators IV. Post-Yeşilçam, or the New (since 1990) A. Socially Conscious Storytelling: New Auteurs B. New Melodrama/Arabesk C. New Comedy D. New Documentary E. Diaspora Filmmakers, International Collaborations V. New Trends: Turkish TV series in the Global Market

Course Materials: 1. Canvas: In this class we will use Canvas — a web-based course management system at http://courses.utexas.edu — to distribute course materials, communicate online, and post assignments and grades. You will receive emails with important course information from your instructor via Canvas’s email tool, so be sure to check your email frequently. With the exception of Savaş Arslan’s Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History (Oxford UP, 2011), which you are required to purchase or read on course reserve in the PCL, all the required and suggested readings (and reading exercises) will be posted on Canvas in pdf, link or eComma form. (eComma is a digital social reading tool that we will use to perform interactive close readings of some Turkish language texts. You can learn more about it here: https://ecomma.coerll.utexas.edu/ ). You are also highly encouraged to read Timothy Corrigan’s A Short Guide to Writing About Film (Pearson, 7th, 8th or 9th ed.) in the first few weeks of the semester in order to better understand what you are expected to turn in as your written and audiovisual assignments. All required and recommended book resources, as well as other books related to Turkish film, will be on course reserve in the PCL.

2 2. Almost every week, you will be required to watch one or two Turkish films outside of class, in preparation for class discussion. Although you only need to watch the required films on the list, you are, of course, encouraged to watch the recommended films, too. Almost all of these films are in Turkish, some with and some without English subtitles (or Turkish captions). Never fear, you will learn strategies to successfully view films without English subtitles! Most of these films or their online streaming links will be posted on Canvas; many of them will also be available on course reserve in the UT Fine Arts Library, where you may reserve a room and all-region DVD/VHS player to view them. NO EXCUSES WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR NOT VIEWING THE REQUIRED WEEKLY FILMS!

3. Other course materials and exercises pertaining to grammar, vocabulary, etc. will also be provided via Canvas. Note: When writing compositions, you may use an online Turkish-English dictionary like www.seslisozluk.com or http://tureng.com/en/turkish-english . Purchasing any other Turkish-English dictionary is unnecessary. If you feel the need for a more systematic grammar reference book, Aslı Göksel and Celia Kerslake’s Turkish: An Essential Grammar. New York: Routledge, 2011, is recommended.

Course Requirements and Grading:

Attendance and Participation [in Turkish] 25% Language Learning Journal [in Turkish and English] 20% Short Homework Assignments [in Turkish] 20% Oral (Video) Presentation [in Turkish] 10% Critical Essay Assignments [in Turkish] 15% Captioning, Subtitling, and Dubbing Assignments [in Turkish and English] 10%

Course Requirements and Grading in Detail:

1. Attendance and Participation (25%): You are required to attend class regularly and to participate actively and consistently throughout the semester. All viewing and reading assignments must be completed before class sessions. You should demonstrate your command of the assigned materials by contributing meaningfully to class discussions. Class time will be devoted to discussing/interpreting the films you will have viewed and/or texts you will have read prior to coming to class. Although your instructor may occasionally present some contextual background information or give necessary grammar instruction, the bulk of course activity will depend on students’ active oral and written participation. Because the in-class focus will be on activating the vocabulary and structures that you will have prepared at home through your homework, you should expect to spend at least 75% of class time doing activities in pairs and small groups. Thus, attendance and active participation in class are essential to your making good language proficiency gains and doing well in the class. This part of your grade will be based on a daily “attendance and participation” grade assigned by your instructor according to the following criteria:

3- You are actively engaged in developing your Turkish proficiency by discussing the course material and communicating in Turkish as much as possible with your partner/classmates/teachers from the moment you walk into the class until you leave it. Full credit will be given when you, i. arrive to class on time ii. are well prepared for the class, which means that you have carefully completed any viewing, reading and/or writing assignments, and noted your observations about new vocabulary, grammatical structures and the assigned film’s content in your Language Learning Journal before coming to class iii. bring the necessary materials to class, including print-outs of shorter texts/handouts you have downloaded from the course Canvas. (You may use your laptop to refer to longer electronic texts or on days designated for in-class use of eComma.) 3 iv. you submit fully completed homework at the beginning of class v. are alert and participate actively when we are working together as a class vi. make maximum use of pair/group work time by a) understanding the learning objectives of tasks assigned b) staying focused on those objectives c) continuing to work with your partner on the task objectives even if you “finish” an assigned task before the allotted time is up (Ask your instructor for additional instructions if you aren’t sure what to do next).

2- You are present but lacking in one or two of the above criteria for full credit in participation. A “2 points” grade is a warning that you are not working at your full potential.

1- You are present but lacking in more than three of the above criteria. For instance, you come late to class, submit incomplete homework, use English to say something that you could say in Turkish and are not focused on the assigned task during group work. A “1 point” grade means that you are in class in body, but not in spirit.

0- Absent

Attendance Policies: • If you are absent from class, you will receive a “0” for that day’s attendance and participation. Your lowest weekly grade for attendance and participation will be dropped for purposes of grade calculation. • Beyond the 3rd absence, every unexcused absence will lower your final grade by one-third of a letter grade. In other words, the 4th, 5th or 6th (unexcused) absence will lower your grade by one- third of a letter grade, e.g. from an A to an A-, B+ to a B, etc. • More than SIX absences--whatever the reason--will result in an "F" for the course. • Please inform your instructor by email of absence as soon as possible before--not after--the class you will miss. This helps her considerably in planning for daily class activities. • If you will miss class in order to observe any religious holy days during the semester, you must inform your instructor per email by the 12th class day, ie. by February 6, 2019. These absences will be excused; however, we recommend that you limit your observance of any given religious holiday to no more than three consecutive days, so as to not fall behind in class. If you also miss a class quiz or fail to complete a homework assignment due to the observance of a religious holy day, you will be given opportunity to complete the missed work within a reasonable time after the absence. • Likewise, if you miss a class quiz or fail to complete a homework assignment due to a documented illness, family emergency, presentation at an academic conference, or any other reason your instructor chooses to excuse, you will be given opportunity to complete the missed work within a reasonable time after the absence.

Classroom Conduct Policies: • Please do not chew anything in class! • Please turn your cell phones, laptops, and other digital instruments off during the class. The only thing “on” should be your minds – unless your instructor specifically tells you to use your laptop or cellphone for a class activity! • Please interact with your instructor and classmates in a thoughtful and respectful manner! • Please do not be late! And once the class begins, do not leave the classroom unnecessarily!

Participation in the Weekly Turkish Tea & Conversation Hour: TUR 329 students will be expected to participate in the weekly Turkish Tea & Conversation hour (or, if that is impossible due to other class commitments, meet with a native speaker of Turkish designated by the instructor, for guided 1-hr. conversational practice) at least 7 times this semester. The Turkish Tea & Conversation hour will be announced during the second week of classes and will begin during 4 the third week of classes. Conversation hour attendance will be counted as part of the regular Attendance and Participation grade, as follows. 2- You are actively engaged in developing your Turkish proficiency and communicating in Turkish as much as possible with your conversation partner/s from the moment you walk into the conversation hour until you leave it. Full credit will be given when you, i. arrive to conversation hour on time ii. participate actively in Turkish (by both listening and speaking) 1- You are present but lacking in one of the above criteria for full credit in participation. 0- You are present but lacking in two of the criteria. 0- Absent

2. Language-Learning Journal (20%): This journal is a portfolio of all the work that you do to prepare linguistically and intellectually for class. Our course is an advanced-level content course that is open to both native (ie. heritage) and non-native speakers of Turkish. The content of the course is just as important as the language used to deliver it. Perhaps unlike your previous language courses, however, this course will not always provide you with materials specifically aimed at improving your language abilities. Instead, the impetus is on you to develop the strategies necessary to take the course material and use it to improve your Turkish. By the end of the first week of classes, please purchase an appropriate 3-section notebook to use as your journal. Every class session starting on Day 1 of Week 2, your language-learning journal should include a list of at least: A) eight new vocabulary words; B) one grammatical structure that you find useful; and C) two discussion questions and/or points related to each reading or viewing assignment you have completed. You should bring your journal to class each session, as it will be checked randomly all through the semester. You will also turn in your journal for evaluation on two dates to get 10% of your final grade each time, as follows:

• Friday, March 15: 168 words (numbered from 1 to 168), 21 grammatical structures (numbered from 1 to 21), 42 questions and/or points (numbered from 1 to 42) • Friday, May 10: 168 new words (numbered from 168 to 336), 21 new grammatical structures (numbered from 22 to 42), 42 new questions and/or points (numbered from 42 to 84).

3. Short Homework Assignments (20%) Expect to spend about 2-3 hours viewing, reading, journaling, and/or completing short homework assignments (related to the films and readings) between each class session. (Viewing, reading, journaling, writing, video and other types of assignments are included in this homework time frame. The short written or oral assignments related to the week’s films and readings are intended to help you process cultural and linguistic material and are due at the beginning of class on the day designated in the schedule. The amount of effort you put into your at-home preparation and your homework is an important part of your homework grade. Pay close attention to your instructor’s comments on your assignments and follow up promptly in office hours or after class if you have questions about your homework grade. Homework assignments will be rated on a scale of 1 to 3 (3= excellent; 2= good but not your best effort; 1= poor work). You will be rated on the overall quality of your work, not merely on the number of correct or incorrect answers. Note that you do not have to have everything 100% correct on your homework in order to get a “3” as long as you have made your best effort. Your lowest 3 grades for homework will be dropped for purposes of grade calculation.

On each homework assignment: 1. write your name 2. write the homework due date 3. staple pages together 4. leave room for feedback from your instructors on the homework (i.e. skip lines when writing paragraph-length answers or compositions of any length).

5 Electronic files containing oral homework assignments should follow the above principles (1 and 2). That is to say, electronic files sent to the instructor via Canvas must be labeled with your name and the homework number/due date.

Digital social reading assignments should be completed (on eComma via Canvas) by the assigned hour and according to specific assignment instructions given. Note that each student’s task may be unique on such assignments.

Note that all assigned online homework at the Canvas website is required homework. Failure to complete the online portion(s) of the homework will result in points being deducted from your homework grade. Online homework assignments should also be completed before class on the day/hour designated in the schedule.

Late homework assignments will not be accepted. However, if there are exceptional extenuating circumstances that will prevent you from turning in homework on time, contact your instructor to discuss the possibility of getting advance permission to submit late homework.

Sometimes, you will be asked to make corrections on your written homework. Mistakes are a natural part of the learning process, but you can only truly benefit from them when you take the time to revise your work and correct your mistakes. Your instructor will use a simple code to mark errors in writing/spelling and grammar, and you will correct the errors on the same sheet of paper using a different color ink. Homework correction assignments will receive a separate homework grade and should be turned in the following fashion:

On each homework correction assignment: 1. write your name 2. write the homework number (from assignment schedule) and due date 3. make your corrections on the original homework, using a different color ink, unless it is more logical to re-write the composition on a separate page and staple it to the original homework 4. leave room for feedback from your instructors on the homework correction (i.e. skip lines when re-writing compositions).

4. Oral (Video) Presentation (10%) Mid-semester, you will prepare and submit a 5-7 minute video presentation in which you introduce a film that you will choose from a list of 20 titles. This list and instructions on how to access the films may be found on Canvas. You should choose your film in consultation with your instructor during the first three weeks of the class (at the latest, by February 8th). Then, each student will be assigned three partners. You should send your video presentation to the instructor and to your three partners via Canvas by Sunday, March 17th, at 11:59 p.m.! In the presentation, you should summarize the plot, and tell us about the makers of the film, its historical period, its genre, significant features of form and content, and its significance in the context of Turkish cinema. Then, on Friday, March 29th, you should bring to the class at least two questions about each of the three video presentations you have seen. On that day we will divide into two groups to discuss your video presentations. You will also need to answer your partners’ questions about your own presentation. The steps of this video project constitute 10% of your final grade, and will be evaluated as follows: • Clear summary of the chosen film (15%) • Coherence and creativity in the analytical approach to the film (15%) • Use of new, relevant and accurate vocabulary (15%) • Grammatical accuracy (15% • Pronunciation and intonation (15%) • The six WRITTEN questions for your group partners (2 questions for each person) (15%) • Clarity of answers during the Q & A (10%)

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5. Critical Essay Assignments (15%): This semester, you will write two analytical papers in Turkish. These papers encourage you to think critically and creatively about issues in the history of Turkish cinema. You should, of course, attempt to incorporate new vocabulary and grammar structures into your writing. The first paper is worth 5% of your total grade and is expected to be 500 to 1000 words (2-4 pages, 12 pt. Times New Roman, double- spaced). You will receive instructor feedback on this paper and write a revised version. The second paper is worth 10% of your total grade and is expected to be longer (1000-1500 words, 4-6 pages, 12 pt. Times New Roman, double-spaced). You will receive instructor feedback on this paper, as well, and write a revised version. Late papers will be severely penalized, with one letter grade deducted for every day that the paper is late. There are no exceptions to this policy. The papers will be evaluated based on the following rubrics:

• A clear and well-thought controlling idea (20%) • Sufficient support of the main idea (20%) • Use of new vocabulary and structures, as highlighted or underlined by the student (20%) • Accuracy and complexity of the Turkish writing (20%) • Proper use of at least two Turkish-language secondary sources (20%)

Critical Essay #1: Describe the main elements of Turkey’s film industry before the 1980 military coup. First draft due on Friday, March 1st. (Upload to Canvas AND bring a hard copy to class for peer review.) Revised version due 1-2 weeks later. (Exact date TBA.)

Critical essay #2: Choose ONE of the following two topics: A) Describe some of the thematic motifs and formal elements of one Turkish auteur with reference to at least three of his/her films. B) Describe the features of one of the film genres in Turkey with references to at least three films. First draft due on Monday, April 22nd. (Upload to Canvas). Revised version due on Monday, May 13th. (Upload to Canvas). Peer review of one classmate’s revised paper due on Wednesday, May 15th. (Upload to Canvas).

6. Captioning, Subtitling, and Dubbing Assignments (10%): At various points in the semester, you will be asked to complete short (Turkish) captioning, (English translation) subtitling, and (English or Turkish) dubbing/revoicing assignments involving short film clips in order to improve your listening comprehension, writing, translation, and speaking skills. In most instances, you will work together with a classmate using available software technologies, like Aegisub Advanced Subtitle Editor and iMovie, which will be introduced during class time in a computer lab setting and via online tutorials, and then share your finished product with your instructor and peers via Canvas. You and your partner/s will receive a team grade (ie. the same grade) on these assignments, unless there is clear evidence that one student contributed much more to the final product than the other/s did. You will also receive qualitative instructor feedback regarding the communicative accuracy of your work.

Final Grade Calculation and Grade Policies: Number/Letter grade equivalents are:

Number Letter Number Letter Number Letter Number Letter 94 - 100 A 87 - 89.9 B+ 77 – 79.9 C+ 67 – 69.9 D+ 84 - 86.9 B 74 – 76.9 C 64 – 66.9 D 90 – 93.9 A- 80 – 83.9 B- 70 – 73.9 C- 60 – 63.9 D- (Below 60%F) 7 • Grades on the border between two letter grades (89.9 for instance) may or may not be rounded up to the next higher letter grade, at the instructor’s discretion. • In order to continue to the next level of Turkish, you must have a grade of C- or better. If you take the course Pass/Fail, you may not register for the next level of Turkish. • No Incompletes will be given for this course. • Auditing is not permitted.

How to Do Well in this Class

This class is a group effort! We can make much more progress as a class than as individuals by creating a Turkish-speaking community, of which you will be a fully participating member. The following suggestions will help you get the most out of the course:

1. Be an active learner. The approach we use here at UT depends on you learning new material at home and encourages you to use analogy and logical thinking to master grammar a little bit at a time. You will learn better and remember more when you are able to answer your own questions. Active learners often have questions that reflect their engagement of the material. Take initiative in class and on homework: this effort will be rewarded both in your grade and in your language ability. Feel free to write us questions on specific language features in your daily homework—just remember to be specific.

2. Put yourself out there. Language learning requires you to make mistakes, both in your assignments and in front of your peers. In this class, you will never be penalized for a mistake that you make when trying something new. You will be corrected in class. Feedback from your instructors is intended to support you as you develop your language proficiency, and not as criticism.

3. Personalize vocabulary. You will remember vocabulary when you “own” it. Make words relevant to your life by thinking of what you can say about yourself with them. Write extra sentences that are meaningful to you so that the vocabulary becomes “yours” and expresses something about your world.

4. Prepare for active participation in class by anticipating what you will do. You should soon be able to predict what kinds of activities will be performed and how. As you study new material and complete assignments before each class, think about how you will use the new material. This will help you to prepare for the activities we’ll be doing in class.

5. Develop your memorization skills. Experiment with different techniques, combining listening, speaking and writing together as much as possible. Cross-train: Try the following and find what combination of techniques works best for you: § listening to words and repeating them aloud—not once but ten or twenty times, until the word is easy for you to pronounce § using flashcards—but without English definitions, and make yourself say the word aloud and use it in a phrase or sentence § Writing out vocabulary over and over—but remember to pronounce it out loud while you write! § putting the words in sentences or a paragraph or story § studying in groups and quizzing each other § using word association techniques

6. Study out loud and repeat new words many times. The only way to train your brain and your mouth to speak this language is by doing it aloud. Certain muscles need to be strengthened before they’ll be able to produce some Turkish sounds correctly; studying aloud and exaggerating these sounds will help your muscles develop! Pronounce new vocabulary words at least fifteen times, until you can say them easily and it feels natural. 8 7. Guess. Think about how you acquired your native language: you did not use a dictionary. Rather, you learned new words by guessing their meaning from context, and you learned how to produce sentences by imitating and using patterns. As adult learners, we can take some shortcuts, but guessing skills remain central to language acquisition. Do not leave blanks on the homework, but do not allow yourself to become frustrated; give it your best shot, and move on. If you are not sure you have understood a sentence in the homework, you may write a translation or a question on your homework for your instructor to check or answer.

8. Correct yourself. Good language learners learn from their own successes and mistakes and those of others. Correcting mistakes is an essential part of the learning process. In this class, you will never be penalized for a mistake that you make when trying something new. When your instructors and classmates are speaking, be an active listener by listening both to what they are saying and how they are saying it. Correcting the mistakes of others in your head or in your notebook is also good practice.

9. Extend language learning beyond the classroom. Practice Turkish as much as possible. Study with classmates: ask each other questions, brainstorm about assignments, go over materials –and do this in Turkish as much as possible. Look out for films and cultural activities on campus and around town and go attend them.

Principles for Group Activities There can be no language without community. In our class community, respect for each other at all times will ensure a positive and fruitful learning experience. We will spend at least 75% of class time in small group or pair activities so that each one of you gets the maximum possible time to participate and practice. During these activities, the instructor plays the role of personal trainer. Learning a language is a lot like going to the gym: the personal trainer guides you, but you have to do the work to get the benefit. Please keep in mind the following principles for group work: • Help and encourage your classmates and accept help from them: each of you can learn with and from everyone else. • Work with different people on a regular basis. • Come prepared. Don’t be someone who slows down colleagues by not being able to fully participate in the work. If you are not prepared for class let your instructor know beforehand and s/he will arrange for you to learn by listening on that day. • Stay focused on the task at hand and do not rush to finish. Most activities are designed to elicit creative play with vocabulary and structures on which we are working. If you do the minimum, you will get only minimum benefit. Take advantage of class time by pushing yourself to be creative and say and write as much as you can. • Speak in Turkish while you are engaged in the activity. If you feel frustrated, raise your hand and ask for help. • When your group finishes the task, raise your hand to let the instructor know. • The instructor may call time before everyone is finished. If your group does not finish, you may want to take a few minutes after class to study the rest of the exercise.

Important UT policies and regulations that apply to this course

Important Dates Friday, January 25th is the last day of the official add/drop period; after this date, changes in registration require the approval of the department chair and usually the student’s dean. Wednesday, February 6th is the last day to drop a class for a possible refund and also the last day an undergraduate student may add a class except for rare and extenuating circumstances. Monday, April 8th is the last day a student may change registration in a class to or from the pass/fail or credit/no credit basis. 9 Monday, April 8th is the last day an undergraduate student may, with the dean’s approval, withdraw from the University or drop a class except for urgent and substantiated, nonacademic reasons.

UT Honor Code The UT Honor code is in effect in this class. The core values of the University of Texas at Austin are learning, discovery, freedom, leadership, individual opportunity, and responsibility. Each member of the university is expected to uphold these values through integrity, honesty, trust, fairness, and respect toward peers and community. Submitting any assignment or exam that is not your own, or that you did not participate fully in doing, is a violation of that code. As a research university, the University of Texas at Austin takes plagiarism very seriously. Do not risk getting involved in a plagiarism infraction. Always cite your sources, and when in doubt, consult a professor or librarian. You may read more about plagiarism at the Student Judicial Services website: http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/academicintegrity.html . Also consult the plagiarism file on the University’s library site: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/services/instruction/learningmodules/plagiarism .

Disabilities Students with disabilities who require special accommodations need to get a letter that documents the disability from the Services for Students with Disabilities area of the Office of the Dean of Students (471- 6259 voice or 471-4641 TTY for users who are deaf or hard of hearing). This letter should be presented to the instructor in each course at the beginning of the semester and accommodations needed should be discussed at that time. Five business days before an exam the student should remind the instructor of any testing accommodations that will be needed. See website below for more information: http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/ssd/providing.php

Religious holy days If you will miss class in order to observe any religious holy days during the semester, you must inform your instructor per email by the 12th class day, ie. by Wednesday, February 6, 2019. These absences will be excused. If you also miss a class quiz or fail to complete a homework assignment due to the observance of a religious holy day, you will be given opportunity to complete the missed work within a reasonable time after the absence.

Use of Canvas This course uses Canvas, a Web-based course management system in which a password-protected site is created for each course. You are responsible for checking the Canvas course site regularly for class work and announcements. Canvas is available at http://courses.utexas.edu. Support is provided by the ITS Help Desk at 475-9400 Monday through Friday 8 am to 6 pm.

Use of E-mail for Official Correspondence to Students All students should become familiar with the University's official e-mail student notification policy. It is the student's responsibility to keep the University informed as to changes in his or her e-mail address. Students are expected to check e-mail on a frequent and regular basis in order to stay current with University-related communications, recognizing that certain communications may be time-critical. It is recommended that e-mail be checked daily, but at a minimum, twice per week. The complete text of this policy and instructions for updating your e-mail address are available at http://www.utexas.edu/its/policies/emailnotify.html.

Email Etiquette: Emails should open with an appropriate address to the instructor and TA. Refrain from using Hi, Yo, or no address at all. Please make sure you identify yourself and clearly indicate your question or request. Emails will be answered in a timely fashion, depending on circumstances and need.

Behavior Concerns Advice Line (BCAL) If you are worried about someone who is acting differently, you may use the Behavior Concerns Advice Line to discuss by phone your concerns about another individual’s behavior. This service is provided through a partnership among the Office of the Dean of Students, the Counseling and Mental Health

10 Center (CMHC), the Employee Assistance Program (EAP), and The University of Texas Police Department (UTPD). Call 512-232-5050 or visit http://www.utexas.edu/safety/bcal.

Q drop Policy The State of Texas enacted a law limiting the number of course drops for academic reasons to six (6). Senate Bill 1231: “Beginning with the fall 2007 academic term, an institution of higher education may not permit an undergraduate student a total of more than six dropped courses, including any course a transfer student has dropped at another institution of higher education, unless the student shows good cause for dropping more than that number.”

Emergency Evacuation Occupants of buildings on The University of Texas at Austin campus are required to evacuate buildings when a fire alarm is activated. Alarm activation or announcement requires exiting and assembling outside. Hence, you should familiarize yourself with all exit doors of each classroom and building our class occupies. Remember that the nearest exit door may not be the one you used when entering the building. Students requiring assistance in evacuation should inform their instructor in writing during the first week of class. In the event of an evacuation, follow the instruction of faculty or class instructors; and do not re- enter a building unless given instructions by the following: Austin Fire Department, The University of Texas at Austin Police Department, or Fire Prevention Services office. The Office of Campus Safety and Security, 512-471-5767, http://www.utexas.edu/safety/ has also prepared a link to information regarding Link to information regarding emergency evacuation routes and emergency procedures: www.utexas.edu/emergency

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WEEKLY COURSE TOPICS AND ASSIGNMENTS • Every 2-3 weeks, you will receive a more specific weekly schedule indicating class activities and the exact due dates of each assignment. All necessary materials and assignment details will be in the corresponding Canvas Modules. • Your instructor reserves the right to modify this schedule and the assignments to best meet the educational objectives of the course and the needs of the students. Any modifications will be announced in writing.

Week 1 (Jan. 23-25) – Introductions and Early Cinema

Required Listening/Reading: - Course Syllabus - Arslan, Savaş. Ch. 2: “Pre-Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey until the Late 1940s” (up to the section on ‘Cinema in the Republic’, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 23-41) - Audio Podcast: “Early Cinema of the Late Ottoman Period” with Özde Çeliktemel-Thomen, hosted by Chris Gratien and Taylan Güngör, (43 min.) - “Sessiz sinemamızın bir tarihi var mı?” (K24 book review)

Recommended Reading: - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 1-Writing about the Movies”. In: A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 1-17 (8th ed.)

Required Viewing: - “Manaki Kardeşler tarafından çekilen ilk filmler” (4 min.) - "Ayastefanos’taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı" Dir. Fuad Uzkınay, 1914 (1 min.)

Recommended Viewing: - “3 Temmuz 1918 Sultan Mehmed Reşad'ın Cenaze Töreni” (17 min.)

Week 2 (Jan. 28-Feb. 1) - Pre- and Early Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey until the Late 1950s Sound, Music and Narrative 11

Required Reading: - Arslan, Savaş. Rest of Ch. 2: “Pre-Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey until the Late 1940s” and Ch.3: “Early Yeşilçam: The Advent of Yeşilçam in the 1950s”, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 41-62, 63-96. - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 2-Beginning to Think, Preparing to Watch, and Starting to Write”. In: A A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 18-35 (8th ed.) - Bekçi, Mert. “Türk Sinemasının İlk Sansürünü Yediği Mürebbiye Filmi Hakkında 7 Bilgi” (18 Aralık 2018) - Gırlangıç, Çağrı. “Bir zamanlar Cahide Sonku vardı: Aysel Bataklı Damın Kızı” (30 Ocak, 2014)

Required Viewing: - Aysel Bataklı Damın Kızı. Dir. Muhsin Ertuğrul, 1934 (1 hr. 12 min.) - “Türkiye sansürlenen ilk film: Mürebbiye” (4 min) - Recommended Viewing: - Muhsin Ertuğrul Belgeseli, 2015 (2 hr. 5 min)

Week 3 (Feb. 4-8) - High Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey in the 1960s and 1970s Industry and Dubbing Melodrama/Arabesk

Required Reading: - Arslan, Savaş. Ch. 4 “High Yeşilçam I: Industry and Dubbing”, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 97-124. - Işık, Erhan. “Türk sinemasında arabesk furyası.” (31 Temmuz 2007): - Uludoğan, Betül. “Gurbet Kuşları (1964): Göç, Kimlik Bunalımı ve Yabancılaşma” (20 Ekim 2015).

Recommended Reading: - Kart, Baki Uğur. “Türk Sinemasında Teorinin Milâdı: ”. Hayal Perdesi Sinema Dergisi. 14. Sayı, Ocak-Şubat 2010 - “Ömer Lütfi Akad sinemamız açısından neden önemliydi?” (Sol-Haber Merkezi, 20 Kasım 2011)

Required Viewing: - Gurbet Kuşları. Dir. Halit Refiğ, 1964. - Bir Teselli Ver. Dir. Lütfi Akad, 1971.

Recommended Viewing: - Küçük Hanım’ın Şoförü. Dir. , 1962. - Hayat Bazen Tatlıdır. Dir. Nejat Saydam, 1962. - Kara Sevda. Dir. Seyfi Havaeri, 1968. - Beş Tavuk Bir Horoz. Dir. Öksal Pekmezoğlu, 1974. - Kara Gözlüm. Dir. Atıf Yılmaz, 1970. - Selvi Boylum Al Yazmalım. Dir. Atıf Yılmaz, 1977. - Sultan, Dir. , 1978.

Week 4 (Feb. 11-15) - High Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey in the 1960s and 1970s Comedy

Required Reading: - Arslan, Savaş. Ch. 5 “High Yeşilçam II: Genres and Films”, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 125-200. - Özren, Mustafa Furkan. “Melodramatik Anlatım Biçimi ve Yeşilçam”. (4 Eylül 2015) 12 - Selçuk, Zeynep. “Ertem Eğilmez: Arzu Film Güldürleri ve Canım Kardeşim” 20 Eylül 2018)

Recommended Reading: - Engin, Yalçın. Hababam Sınıfı (1975): Seriye Eleştirel Bir Bakış (27 Nisan 2014) - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 3-Film Terms and Topics for Film Analysis and Writing”. In: A A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 36-82 (8th ed.)

Required Viewing: - Hababam Sınıfı, Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1975. - Tosun Paşa. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1976.

Recommended Viewing: - Canım Kardeşim, Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1973 - Salak Milyoner. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1974 - Köye İndim Şehire. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1974 - Süt Kardeşler. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1976 - Şabanoğlu Şaban. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1977 - Neşeli Günler. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1978 - Kibar Feyzo. Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1978 - Züğürt Ağa, Dir. Nesli Çölgeçen, 1985

Week 5 (Feb. 18-22) - High Yeşilçam: Cinema in Turkey in the 1960s and 1970s Copy Culture, Sci-Fi and Historical Fiction Films

Required Reading: - Smith, Iaian Robert. "Beam Me up, Ömer": Transnational Media Flow and the Cultural Politics of the Turkish Star Trek Remake. The Velvet Light Trap, No. 61, Spr. 2008, 3-13. - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 4-Six Approaches to Writing about Film.” In: A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 83-107 (8th ed.)

Recommended Reading: - Özgüç, Agah. “Cüneyt Arkın’ın Unutulmaz Filmleri.” Türlerle Türk Sineması, 2005.

Required Viewing: - Remake Remix Ripoff. About Copy Culture and Turkish Pop Cinema, Dir. Cem Kaya, 2014. (1 hr. 36 min.) - Türk ve Müslümanım Adım Kara Murat (2 min.) - Yeşilçam presents: An old Turkish Western Movie (3 min.) - Yeşilçam presents: Turkish Superman (3 min.) - Yeşilçam presents: Turkish Hero Kara Murat (2 min): - Selected scenes from Turist Ömer Uzay Yolunda. Dir. Hulki Saner, 1973 - Selected scenes from Battal Gazi’nin İntikamı, Dir. Natuk Baytan, 1973

Recommended Viewing: - The Amazing True Story of Turkish Star Wars - Deja View (8 min) - Turkish Star Trek [Turist Ömer Uzay Yolunda] - Deja View (5 min) - Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam, Dir. Çetin İnanç, 1982 - Battal Gazi films (4 in total) - Kara Murat films (7 in total)

Week 6 (Feb 25- Mar. 1) - Yeşilçam ‘Misfits’ Social Realist Auteurs Required Reading: 13 - Öztürk, Demet. “Yönetmen Sineması: ” (14 Kasım 2017) - Öztürk, Demet. “Susuz Yaz (1964): İtaatkar Toprak, Asi Su.” (8 Kasım 2015)

Recommended Reading: - Arslanbenzer, Hakan. “Metin Erksan: Arrogant genius of Turkish cinema”. Daily Sabah (Nov. 8, 2014) - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 5-Style and Structure in Writing.” In: A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 108-125(8th ed.)

Required Viewing: - Martin Scorsese on (2 min.): - Susuz Yaz. Dir. Metin Erksan, 1963 (Please watch the DRY SUMMER/SUSUZ YAZ Martin Scorcese Presents WORLD CINEMA PROJECT No. 1 (Masters of Cinema) DVD version in the FAL, and NOT other versions online.)

Recommended Viewing: - Sevmek Zamanı, Dir. Metin Erksan, 1965 - Yılanların Öcü, Dir. Metin Erksan, 1962 - Kuyu, Dir. Metin Erksan, 1968 - Acı Hayat. Dir. Metin Erksan, 1962

Critical Essay #1 Draft due on Friday, March 1st

Week 7 (Mar. 4-8) - Yeşilçam ‘Misfits’ Social Realist Auteurs

Required Reading: - Dönmez-Colin, Gönül. Ch: “Yılmaz Güney”. In: Turkish Cinema: Identity, Distance and Belonging, 2008. - Hasan Hüseyin Akkaş. “Seyyit Han”. (13 Ağustos 2018) - Sezer, Yusuf Sinan. “Yılmaz Güney’in Yeşilçam sinemasına başkaldırısı: Seyyit Han”. (2 Şubat 2016) - Olcay, Salim. “Yılmaz Güney’in ‘Umut’u (1970)”. (6 Mart 2016)

Recommended Reading: - Yüçel, Müslüm. “Yılmaz Güney: Yaralı Bilinç”. In: Türk Sinemasında Kürtler. Agora Kitaplığı, 2008, 127-178.

Required Viewing: - Seyyithan. Dir. Yılmaz Güney, 1968 - Umut. Dir. Yılmaz Güney, 1970

Recommended Viewing: - Sürü. Dir. Yılmaz Güney, 1978 - Yol. Yılmaz Güney/Şerif Gören. 1982. (Hard to find a good online version with English subtitles. Best to watch in the FAL.) - Çirkin Kralı Efsanesi (The Legend of the Ugly King). Dir. Hüseyin Tabak, 2017 - Hudutların Kanunu, Dir. Lütfi Akad, 1966 - Gelin-Düğün-Diyet (trilogy), Dir. Lütfi Akad, 1973-74 - Bir Yudum Sevgi, Dir. Atıf Yılmaz, 1984 - Karanlıkta Uyuyanlar, Dir. Ertem Göreç, 1964

Week 8 (Mar. 11-15) - Yeşilçam ‘Misfits’

14 Documentary Educators

Required Reading: - Süha Arın ile röportaj. (20 Ekim 2011)

Recommended Reading (over Spring Break): - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 6-Researching the Movies.” In: A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 126-154 (8th ed.)

Required Viewing: - Safranbolu’da Zaman. Dir. Suha Arın, 1977 - Tahtacı Fatma, Dir. Suha Arın, 1979

Language Learning Journal due in class on Friday, March 15: 168 words (numbered from 1 to 168), 21 grammatical structures (numbered from 1 to 21), 42 questions and/or points (numbered from 1 to 42)

Video Presentation due on Canvas by Sunday, March 17th, at 11:59 p.m.

Week 9 (Mar. 25-29) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) Socially Conscious Storytelling: New Auteurs

Required Reading: - Arslan, Savaş. Ch. 6: “Late Yeşilçam: Melting in the 1980s”, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 201-236. - Eser, Esra. Tabutta Rövaşata (1996) Film İncelemesi. (4 Eylül 2017) - Tezcan, Gülcan. and Şener Şen.

Recommended Reading: - Battal, Sadık. “Yavuz Turgul ile Söyleşi”. In: Asıl film şimdi başlıyor!: Lütfi Akad, Metin Erksan, Yılmaz Güney, Yavuz Turgul ve Türk sineması, 2006, 293-317. - Raw, Laurence. “Derviş Zaim: “A Universe of Sky and Snow””. In: Six Turkish Filmmakers. U. of Wisconsin Press, 2017, 16-41.

Required Viewing: - Eşkiya, Dir. Yavuz Turgul, 1996 - Tabutta Rövaşata, Dir. Derviş Zaim, 1996

Recommended Viewing: - Öğretmen Kemal, Dir. Remzi Jöntürk, 1981 - , Dir. , 1997. - Beş Vakit, Dir. , 2006 - Cenneti Beklerken, Dir. Derviş Zaim, 2006 - Gönül Yarası, Dir. Yavuz Turgul, 2005

Discussion of your video presentations on Friday, March 29th

Week 10 (Apr.1-5) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) Socially Conscious Storytelling: New Auteurs

Required Reading: - Arslan, Savaş. Ch. 7: “Postmortem for Yeşilçam: Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey”, Cinema in Turkey. A New Critical History, 237-274.

15 - Sunar, Asuman. “The Cinema of ” and “The Absent Women of ” in New Turkish Cinema: Belonging, Identity, Memory, London: I.B. Tauris, 2009, 77- 112, 163-178. - Öztürk, Emrah. “Ben bir Zamanlar Anadolu’da-iken” (2012) - Ünver, Bircan. “Güneşe Yolculuk: Yeşim Ustaoğlu ile Son Filmi Üzerine…” (Ocak 2001)

Recommended Reading: - Monceau, Nicholas. “Confronting Turkey’s Social Realities: An Interview with Yeşim Ustaoğlu.” In: Cineaste 26 (3): 28-30. Jan. 2001 - Raw, Laurence. “Nuri Bilge Ceylan: Rediscovering Anatolia”. In: Six Turkish Filmmakers. U. of Wisconsin Press, 2017, 138-166.

Required Viewing: - Güneşe Yolculuk. Dir. Yeşim Ustaoğlu, 1999 - Bir Zamanlar Anadolu’da, Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2011

Recommended Viewing: - , Dir. Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2002 - Kış Uykusu, Dir. Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2014 - Ahlat Ağacı, Dir. Nuri Bilge Ceylan, 2018 - Araf, Dir. Yeşim Ustaoğlu, 2016 - Tereddüt, Dir. Yeşim Ustaoğlu, 2016 - Yumurta-Süt-Bal (The Yusuf Trilogy), Dir. , 2007-2008-2010

Week 11 (Apr. 8-12) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) New Melodrama/Arabesk

Required Reading: - Raw, Laurence. “Çağan Irmak: Yeşilçam Revisited.” In: Six Turkish Filmmakers. U. of Wisconsin Press, 2017, 89-112. - Keşaplı, Onur. “Dedemin İnsanları’nın Melodramı”. Azizm Sanat Örgütü (5 Haziran 2016)

Recommended Reading: Read about/research your 2nd Critical Essay topic.

Required Viewing: Dedemin İnsanları, Dir. Çağan Irmak, 2011

Recommended Viewing: - Babam ve Oğlum, Dir. Çağan Irmak, 2005 - Unutursam Fısılda. Dir. Çağan Irmak, 2014 - Kelebeğin Rüyası. Dir. Yılmaz Erdoğan, 2013 - Ekşi Elmalar. Dir. Yılmaz Erdoğan, 2016

Guest lecture by Dr. Savaş Arslan!

Week 12 (Apr. 15-19) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) New Comedy

Required Reading: - “90'larda oluşan kaos ortamında gülmek isteyen halkın imdadına Yılmaz Erdoğan yetişti!” (Habertürk Kültür-Sanat, 28 Haziran 2017)

Recommended Reading: Read about/research your 2nd Critical Essay topic.

16 Required Viewing: - Organize İşler, Dir. Yılmaz Erdoğan, 2005 - G.O.R.A. Dir. Ömer Faruk Sorak, 2003

Recommended Viewing: - Arabesk, Dir. Ertem Eğilmez, 1989 - Vizontele. Dir. Yılmaz Erdoğan, Ömer Faruk Sorak, 2001 - Vizontele Tuuba: Dir. Yılmaz Erdoğan, 2004 - Recep İvedik (1-6). Dir. Togan Gökbahar, 2008-2019. - A.R.O.G., Dir. Cem Yılmaz, Ali Taner Baltacı, 2008 - Yahşi Batı. Dir. Ömer Faruk Sorak, 2010 - Ali Baba ve 7 Cüceler. Dir. Cem Yılmaz, 2015 - Eyyvah Eyvah (1-3), Dir. Hakan Algül, 2010-2014

Week 13 (Apr. 22-26) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) New Documentary

Required Reading: - Kırel, Serpil. A Struggle to Change the World: Pelin Esmer’s Documentary The Play. In: Culture, Language and Representation, Vol. 8, 2010, 97-113. - Koçer, Suncem. “I Flew You Stayed as an Example of Domestic Ethnography”. In: Journal of Cultural Studies, Faculty of Communication, Hacettepe University, 2015, 2(1): 338-346 - “Belgeselciler dert küpü”. (11 Kasım 2004)

Recommended Reading: - Akbulut, Hasan. “Bellek Olarak Belgesel Sinema: Son Dönem Türkiye Belgesel Sinemasına Bir Bakış.” Sincine 2010, 1 (2) Güz. - “'Ben Uçtum Sen Kaldın' gösterim için destek arıyor”. Haber 7 (7 Ocak 2013) - Corrigan, Timothy. “Ch. 7-Manuscript Form.” In: A Short Guide to Writing about Film, 155- 171(8th ed.)

Required Viewing: - Oyun. Dir. Pelin Esmer, 2005 - Ben Uçtum, Sen Kaldın. Dir. Mizgin Müjde Arslan, 2012

Recommended Viewing: - Demsala Dawi Şewaxan (Son Mevsim: Şavsaklar). Dir. Kazım Öz, 2009 - Devrim Arabaları. Dir. Tolga Örnek, 2008. - Gallipoli (Gelibolu). Dir. Tolga Örnek, 2005 - Mustafa. Dir. Can Dündar, 2008 - Anadolu’nun Kayıp Şarkıları, Dir. Nezih Özen, 2010 - TRT Belgesel (national documentary channel)

Critical Essay #2 Draft due on Monday, April 22nd

Week 14 (Apr. 29-May 3) - Post-Yeşilçam, or the New Cinema of Turkey (since 1990) Diaspora Filmmakers, International Collaborations

Required Reading: - SirEvo. “Yine Fatih Akın: Yaşamın Kıyısında (2007)” (27 Şubat 2013) - “Ferzan Özpetek’in ’a Âşık Edecek Filmi İstanbul Kırmızısı Hakkında Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey!” (Mart 2017)

17 - Genç, Kaya. In 'Red Istanbul,' Ferzan Özpetek pays homage to Italian masters. Daily Sabah (March 24, 2017) - Elsaesser, Thomas. “Ethical Calculus”. In: Film Comment, May/June 2008. Film Society of Lincoln Center. NY, NY

Recommended Reading: - Gueneli, Berna. “Introduction to the Project” and “Chapter 3: Soundscapes in The Edge of Heaven”. In: Challenging European Borders: Fatih Akin’s Filmic Visions of Europe. UT-Austin Dissertation, 2011, 1-11, 129-168.

Required Viewing: - Yaşamın Kıyısında. Dir. Fatih Akın, 2007. - İstanbul Kırmızı. Dir. Ferzan Özpetek, 2017.

Recommended Viewing: - Almanya-Willkommen in Deutschland. Dir. Yasemin Şamdereli, 2011 - Duvarı Karşı (Head-on). Dir. Fatih Akın, 2004 - Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul. Dir. Fatih Akın, 2005

Week 15 – (May 6-10) New Trends: Turkish TV series in the Global Digital Market

Required Reading: - Algan, Ece. “The globalization of Turkey’s television industry and its discontents”. In: Routledge Routledge Companion for Global Television [in press]. - Marshall, Alex. “Can Netflix Take Turkey’s TV Dramas to the World?” New York Times, Dec. 27, 2018

Recommended Reading: - Yanardağoğlu, Eylem. “TV Series and the City: Istanbul as a market for local dreams and transnational fantasies.” In: Whose City is That? Culture, Design, Spectacle and Capital in Istanbul. Eds. D. and O. Koçak. Cambridge Scholars Publ., 2014, 47-63. - Constantinou, Constantinos and Zenonas Tziarras (2018) “TV Series in Turkish Foreign Policy: Aspects of Hegemony and Resistance”, New Middle Eastern Studies 8 (1), pp. 23-41.

Required Viewing: - first 2 episodes of The Protector (Hakan: Muhafız), on Netflix, Dir. Can Evrenol, Umut Aral and Gönenç Uyanık, 2018.

Recommended Viewing: - Kismet: How Turkish Soap Operas Changed the World. Dir. Nina Maria Paschalidou, 2013

Language Learning Journal due in class on Friday, May 10: 168 new words (numbered from 168 to 336), 21 new grammatical structures (numbered from 22 to 42), 42 new questions and/or points (numbered from 42 to 84).

Revised version of Critical Essay #2 due on Monday, May 13th.

Peer review of one classmate’s revised Critical Essay #2 due on Wednesday, May 15th.

Türkçe dersimize hoş geldiniz!

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