Production of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine Fungi Collected from Coastal Area of Andhra Pradesh, India

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Production of Bioactive Metabolites from Marine Fungi Collected from Coastal Area of Andhra Pradesh, India journal of pharmacy research 6 (2013) 663e666 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jopr Original Article Isolation, identification & production of bioactive metabolites from marine fungi collected from coastal area of Andhra Pradesh, India Jangala Swathi, Katta Meera Sowjanya, Kumara Narendra, K.V.N. Rathnakar Reddy, Alapati Krishna Satya* Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India article info abstract Article history: Aim: To explore antibacterial active compounds from Curvularia sp. and Aspergillus sp. Received 17 March 2013 isolated from marine source. Accepted 29 April 2013 Method: To increase the bioactive metabolite production and to search novel compound, in Available online 19 June 2013 my on-going research we collected the source sample from marine water. By the serial dilution method, different dilutions of sample are spread on Rose Bengal medium to isolate Keywords: pure colonies. Further characterization is done by the microscopic and macroscopic Antibacterial activity studies. Based on morphological and microscopic studies organisms were identified as Microscopic observation Curvularia species, and Aspergillus species. These fungal cultures were grown in potato Morphological observation dextrose agar for 5e6 days for metabolite production. Crude metabolite was extracted TLC purification using Rota vapor. Metabolite is tested for biological activities and further step TLC was performed to investigate the number of fractions present in crude extract. Results: Marine fungi organisms were isolated and screened by serial dilution method from Rose Bengal medium. Pure colony was isolated and identified as Curvularia sp. and Asper- gillus sp. by slide culture technique. Individual organisms were inoculated in potato dextrose broth for production of secondary metabolites for a period of 6e8 days. The collected crude extract of Curvularia sp. showed 27 mm diameter zone against Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus megaterium at 100 mg and Aspergillus sp. showed 12 mm diameter zone and best activity against B. megaterium and Xanthomonas campestris at 40 mg. TLC of Curvu- laria sp. crude extract showed 2 fractions and Aspergillus sp. crude extract showed 5 fractions. Conclusion: Hence we conclude that the compound has high efficiency of antibacterial ac- tivity, which needs extensive attention in terms of new therapy. Copyright ª 2013, JPR Solutions; Published by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ91 863 2346358, þ91 9490639577. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Krishna Satya). 0974-6943/$ e see front matter Copyright ª 2013, JPR Solutions; Published by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.04.052 664 journal of pharmacy research 6 (2013) 663e666 1. Introduction for an incubation of 3e4 days in room temperature. After the time of incubation isolated colonies were observed and pure The review noticed that mortality due to infections is cultures were maintained for each strain. increasing in developing countries. There is a need of devel- oping new and useful compounds to provide assistance and 3.3. Macroscopic studies relief pain in all aspects of human conditions in future. Since 3.8 billion years microorganisms are being evolved and are The selected strain with full loop is placed at the center of producing more and more evolved metabolites as a mecha- Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated to obtain colony for nism of defense for their survival. In search of bioactive com- morphological identification. pounds most of the work has been done on metabolites from algae, bacteria and protozoan isolates. Marine fungi are 3.4. Microscopic studies-slide culture preparations worldwide ecological group, but distinct in their geographical distribution and the substratum on which they grow.1 Fungi In order to accurately identify fungi it is essential to study the isolated from marine environments have recently been microscopic organism by slide culture technique.6 recognized as a rich source of biologically active metabolites. Hence fungi can be excellent source for new medicines as well.2 3.5. Production of metabolites and extraction of As going on search for new pharmaceutical compounds mycelium from marine fungi, after isolating number of organisms while studying we knew that there is no much report on Curvularia The selected fungi were inoculated in each 500 ml Erlenmeyer sp.. Even though Aspergillus sp. work is reported but even we flask containing 200 ml of potato dextrose broth medium. The still reported the antibacterial activity efficiently at low con- flask was incubated in at 28c for a week. After the metabolite centrations. So, we screened and studied Curvularia sp. and production, equal volume of ethyl acetate is added to each Aspergillus sp.. with efficient antibacterial activities. flask and incubated for few hours. Finally cell filtrate is sepa- rated by filtration using filter paper. The broth and solvent were separated using separating funnel. The organic phase is 2. Review collected and solvent is separated by condensed method using Rota vapor. Finally obtained crude extract is weighed and Number of past reviews has focused the attention of re- dissolved in 10% DMSO for antimicrobial studies.7 searchers on the tremendous treasure of the marine microbial environment. Although a diversified range viz., antibiotic, 3.6. Antibacterial activity antifungal, cytotoxic, neurotoxic, antimitotic, antiviral, anti- neoplastic and antiprotozoal activity is known, extensive Antibacterial activity of fungal extracts was performed using studies are still needed. Comparatively marine environment is standard disc diffusion method. Six bacteria were used as very dynamic and vast, thereforeincreasing interestin studying indicator targets. Assay was done with different concentra- marine fungi producing biological active compounds.3 There is tions. After the incubation of bacterial cultures with fungal no much more work on antimicrobial investigation of Curvu- extracts for 24 h the antibacterial assay was evaluated by laria sp., reported previously. However only the metabolites measuring the diameter of growth inhibition zones using were identified as 11-a-methoxycurvularin (fraction 1) and (S )- diameter measuring scale. The inhibition radii means the 5-ethyl 8,8-dimethyl nonanal (fraction 2) were isolated from of clear zone in which the tested micro organism did not grow, Curvularia oryzae (MTCC 2605).4 The literature of Aspergillus sp., DMSO is taken as control for activities.8 shows antibacterial and anticancer activity. The compound of Aspergillus shows antibacterial activity with n-butane, water, 3.7. Thin layer chromatography chloroform, and acetone.5 TLC is performed to analyze the fractions (compounds) pre- sent in the crude extract. Separation of the compound de- 3. Materials and methods pends on the usage of solvents. Silica gel is prepared in slurry form and evenly spread on glass plate. Crude extract prepared 3.1. Sample source with a concentration of 1 mg/ml was placed on the TLC plate and dried. After running with Hexane and Ethyl acetate sol- Marine water samples were collected from coastal belt vents at different proportions, spots were identified with covering Krishna, Guntur & Prakasam Dist of Andhra Pradesh iodine crystal vapors.9 covering over an area of 960 km. The water samples were collected in sterile tight bottles and transferred to the labo- ratory in 24 h of duration. 4. Results 3.2. Fungi isolation 4.1. Macroscopic observation The water sample is diluted with different dilution rates. An Curvularia sp., is a filamentous fungi which grows rapidly on equal proportion of volume is spread on Rose Bengal medium potato dextrose agar at 27 C and produces woolly colonies journal of pharmacy research 6 (2013) 663e666 665 which later turn dark brown to black. The hyphae are septate 4.8. Systematic positioning of Aspergillus sp. and produce brown conidiophores which bear pyriform conidia. Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Fungi 4.2. Microscopic observation Phylum: Ascomycota Subphylum: Pezizomycotina After incubation of slide culture, slides are stained with Lac- Class: Eurotiomycetes tophenol blue for microscopic examination. First the slides are Order: Eurotiales observed under light microscope at 10Â resolution and then at Family: Trichocomaceae 45Â and 100Â (oil immersion) for morphology of fungi. Fungi Genus: Aspergillus are identified by using the reference book on “Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi” fourth edition by H. L. Barnett and Antibacterial activity of Curvularia sp., e Table 1 Barry B. Hunter. Based on the mycelium and spore Antibacterial activity of Aspergillus sp., e Table 2 morphology studies the isolate was identified as Curvularia sp. 4.3. Systematic positioning of Curvularia sp. 5. Discussion & conclusion Kingdom: Fungi The main aim of this work is to study the marine bioactive Phylum: Ascomycota compounds. Fungi are more efficient group of organisms to be Class: Euascomycetes explored for the drug discovery purpose. Especially fungi had Order: Pleosporales provided mankind with numerous different bioactive sec- Family: Pleosporaceae ondary metabolites. In recent years marine fungi have Genus: Curvularia explored more intensely to obtain novel and biologically active compounds. In search of biologically active natural products the present study deals with screening, isolation, production as 4.4. Amount of secondary
Recommended publications
  • Review of Oxepine-Pyrimidinone-Ketopiperazine Type Nonribosomal Peptides
    H OH metabolites OH Review Review of Oxepine-Pyrimidinone-Ketopiperazine Type Nonribosomal Peptides Yaojie Guo , Jens C. Frisvad and Thomas O. Larsen * Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (J.C.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +45-4525-2632 Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 8 June 2020; Published: 15 June 2020 Abstract: Recently, a rare class of nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) bearing a unique Oxepine-Pyrimidinone-Ketopiperazine (OPK) scaffold has been exclusively isolated from fungal sources. Based on the number of rings and conjugation systems on the backbone, it can be further categorized into three types A, B, and C. These compounds have been applied to various bioassays, and some have exhibited promising bioactivities like antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi and transcriptional activation on liver X receptor α. This review summarizes all the research related to natural OPK NRPs, including their biological sources, chemical structures, bioassays, as well as proposed biosynthetic mechanisms from 1988 to March 2020. The taxonomy of the fungal sources and chirality-related issues of these products are also discussed. Keywords: oxepine; nonribosomal peptides; bioactivity; biosynthesis; fungi; Aspergillus 1. Introduction Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), mostly found in bacteria and fungi, are a class of peptidyl secondary metabolites biosynthesized by large modularly organized multienzyme complexes named nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) [1]. These products are amongst the most structurally diverse secondary metabolites in nature; they exhibit a broad range of activities, which have been exploited in treatments such as the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A and the antibiotic daptomycin [2,3].
    [Show full text]
  • Studies of the Laboulbeniomycetes: Diversity, Evolution, and Patterns of Speciation
    Studies of the Laboulbeniomycetes: Diversity, Evolution, and Patterns of Speciation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049989 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ! STUDIES OF THE LABOULBENIOMYCETES: DIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, AND PATTERNS OF SPECIATION A dissertation presented by DANNY HAELEWATERS to THE DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2018 ! ! © 2018 – Danny Haelewaters All rights reserved. ! ! Dissertation Advisor: Professor Donald H. Pfister Danny Haelewaters STUDIES OF THE LABOULBENIOMYCETES: DIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, AND PATTERNS OF SPECIATION ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: Laboulbeniales is one of the most morphologically and ecologically distinct orders of Ascomycota. These microscopic fungi are characterized by an ectoparasitic lifestyle on arthropods, determinate growth, lack of asexual state, high species richness and intractability to culture. DNA extraction and PCR amplification have proven difficult for multiple reasons. DNA isolation techniques and commercially available kits are tested enabling efficient and rapid genetic analysis of Laboulbeniales fungi. Success rates for the different techniques on different taxa are presented and discussed in the light of difficulties with micromanipulation, preservation techniques and negative results. CHAPTER 2: The class Laboulbeniomycetes comprises biotrophic parasites associated with arthropods and fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of a Sorbicillinoid-Producing Aspergillus
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio della ricerca - Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II Marine Biotechnology (2018) 20:502–511 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-018-9821-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Identification of a Sorbicillinoid-Producing Aspergillus Strain with Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus:aNew Polyextremophilic Marine Fungus from Barents Sea Paulina Corral1,2 & Fortunato Palma Esposito1 & Pietro Tedesco1 & Angela Falco1 & Emiliana Tortorella1 & Luciana Tartaglione3 & Carmen Festa3 & Maria Valeria D’Auria3 & Giorgio Gnavi4 & Giovanna Cristina Varese4 & Donatella de Pascale1 Received: 18 October 2017 /Accepted: 26 March 2018 /Published online: 12 April 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract The exploration of poorly studied areas of Earth can highly increase the possibility to discover novel bioactive compounds. In this study, the cultivable fraction of fungi and bacteria from Barents Sea sediments has been studied to mine new bioactive molecules with antibacterial activity against a panel of human pathogens. We isolated diverse strains of psychrophilic and halophilic bacteria and fungi from a collection of nine samples from sea sediment. Following a full bioassay-guided approach, we isolated a new promising polyextremophilic marine fungus strain 8Na, identified as Aspergillus protuberus MUT 3638, possessing the potential to produce antimicrobial agents. This fungus, isolated from cold seawater, was able to grow in a wide range of salinity, pH and temperatures. The growth conditions were optimised and scaled to fermentation, and its produced extract was subjected to chemical analysis. The active component was identified as bisvertinolone, a member of sorbicillonoid family that was found to display significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 μg/mL.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 10, 2021 Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus Guo, Yaojie Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Guo, Y. (2020). Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus. DTU Bioengineering. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus O O O N R HN O N N N O O O OH OH O O OH OH OH O OH O OH OH OH OH HO O OH OH O OH OH OH O Yaojie Guo PhD Thesis Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark September 2020 Mining of Cryptic Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus Yaojie Guo PhD Thesis Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark September 2020 Supervisors: Professor Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen Professor Uffe Hasbro Mortensen Preface This thesis is submitted to the Technical University of Denmark (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd. Thesis Sana Jabeen.Pdf
    ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HIMALAYAN CEDAR FROM PAKISTAN A dissertation submitted to the University of the Punjab in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BOTANY by SANA JABEEN DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. Summary i Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 Literature review 5 Aims and objectives 11 CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods 12 3.1. Sampling site description 12 3.2. Sampling strategy 14 3.3. Sampling of sporocarps 14 3.4. Sampling and preservation of fruit bodies 14 3.5. Morphological studies of fruit bodies 14 3.6. Sampling of morphotypes 15 3.7. Soil sampling and analysis 15 3.8. Cleaning, morphotyping and storage of ectomycorrhizae 15 3.9. Morphological studies of ectomycorrhizae 16 3.10. Molecular studies 16 3.10.1. DNA extraction 16 3.10.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 17 3.10.3. Sequence assembly and data mining 18 3.10.4. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis 18 3.11. Climatic data collection 19 3.12. Statistical analysis 19 CHAPTER 4 Results 22 4.1. Characterization of above ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 22 4.2. Identification of ectomycorrhizal host 184 4.3. Characterization of non ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies 186 4.4. Characterization of saprobic fungi found from fruit bodies 188 4.5. Characterization of below ground ectomycorrhizal fungi 189 4.6. Characterization of below ground non ectomycorrhizal fungi 193 4.7. Identification of host taxa from ectomycorrhizal morphotypes 195 4.8.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Bioprospection of Fungal Community Present in Oligotrophic Soil of Continental Antarctica
    Extremophiles (2015) 19:585–596 DOI 10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica Valéria M. Godinho · Vívian N. Gonçalves · Iara F. Santiago · Hebert M. Figueredo · Gislaine A. Vitoreli · Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer · Emerson C. Barbosa · Jaquelline G. Oliveira · Tânia M. A. Alves · Carlos L. Zani · Policarpo A. S. Junior · Silvane M. F. Murta · Alvaro J. Romanha · Erna Geessien Kroon · Charles L. Cantrell · David E. Wedge · Stephen O. Duke · Abbas Ali · Carlos A. Rosa · Luiz H. Rosa Received: 20 November 2014 / Accepted: 16 February 2015 / Published online: 26 March 2015 © Springer Japan 2015 Abstract We surveyed the diversity and capability of understanding eukaryotic survival in cold-arid oligotrophic producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal soils. We hypothesize that detailed further investigations community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continen- may provide a greater understanding of the evolution of tal Antarctica. A total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained Antarctic fungi and their relationships with other organisms and identified in 11 taxa of Aspergillus, Debaryomyces, described in that region. Additionally, different wild pristine Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium and Hypo- bioactive fungal isolates found in continental Antarctic soil creales. The fungal community showed low diversity and may represent a unique source to discover prototype mol- richness, and high dominance indices. The extracts of ecules for use in drug and biopesticide discovery studies. Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicil- Keywords Antarctica · Drug discovery · Ecology · lium rubens possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, Fungi · Taxonomy antitumoral, herbicidal and antiprotozoal activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Terpenoids from Polar Latitudes and Their Potential Applications in Biotechnology
    marine drugs Review Marine Terpenoids from Polar Latitudes and Their Potential Applications in Biotechnology Laura Núñez-Pons 1, Andrew Shilling 2, Cinzia Verde 3,4, Bill J. Baker 2,* and Daniela Giordano 3,4,* 1 Department of Integrated Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; [email protected] 3 Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.J.B.); [email protected] (D.G.) Received: 25 June 2020; Accepted: 25 July 2020; Published: 29 July 2020 Abstract: Polar marine biota have adapted to thrive under one of the ocean’s most inhospitable scenarios, where extremes of temperature, light photoperiod and ice disturbance, along with ecological interactions, have selected species with a unique suite of secondary metabolites. Organisms of Arctic and Antarctic oceans are prolific sources of natural products, exhibiting wide structural diversity and remarkable bioactivities for human applications. Chemical skeletons belonging to terpene families are the most commonly found compounds, whereas cytotoxic antimicrobial properties, the capacity to prevent infections, are the most widely reported activities from these environments. This review firstly summarizes the regulations on access and benefit sharing requirements for research in polar environments. Then it provides an overview of the natural product arsenal from Antarctic and Arctic marine organisms that displays promising uses for fighting human disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Lists of Names in Aspergillus and Teleomorphs As Proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (Doi: 10.3852/14-0
    Lists of names in Aspergillus and teleomorphs as proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (doi: 10.3852/14-060), based on retypification of Aspergillus with A. niger as type species John I. Pitt and John W. Taylor, CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA Preamble The lists below set out the nomenclature of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs as they would become on acceptance of a proposal published by Pitt and Taylor (2014) to change the type species of Aspergillus from A. glaucus to A. niger. The central points of the proposal by Pitt and Taylor (2014) are that retypification of Aspergillus on A. niger will make the classification of fungi with Aspergillus anamorphs: i) reflect the great phenotypic diversity in sexual morphology, physiology and ecology of the clades whose species have Aspergillus anamorphs; ii) respect the phylogenetic relationship of these clades to each other and to Penicillium; and iii) preserve the name Aspergillus for the clade that contains the greatest number of economically important species. Specifically, of the 11 teleomorph genera associated with Aspergillus anamorphs, the proposal of Pitt and Taylor (2014) maintains the three major teleomorph genera – Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella – together with Chaetosartorya, Hemicarpenteles, Sclerocleista and Warcupiella. Aspergillus is maintained for the important species used industrially and for manufacture of fermented foods, together with all species producing major mycotoxins. The teleomorph genera Fennellia, Petromyces, Neocarpenteles and Neopetromyces are synonymised with Aspergillus. The lists below are based on the List of “Names in Current Use” developed by Pitt and Samson (1993) and those listed in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org), plus extensive scrutiny of papers publishing new species of Aspergillus and associated teleomorph genera as collected in Index of Fungi (1992-2104).
    [Show full text]
  • Sterigmatocystin Production by Nine Newly Described Aspergillus Species in Section Versicolores Grown on Two Different Media
    Sterigmatocystin production by nine newly described Aspergillus species in section Versicolores grown on two different media Željko Jurjević, Stephen W. Peterson, Michele Solfrizzo & Maja Peraica Mycotoxin Research ISSN 0178-7888 Mycotoxin Res DOI 10.1007/s12550-013-0160-4 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Society for Mycotoxin Research and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Mycotoxin Res DOI 10.1007/s12550-013-0160-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Sterigmatocystin production by nine newly described Aspergillus species in section Versicolores grown on two different media Željko Jurjević & Stephen W. Peterson & Michele Solfrizzo & Maja Peraica Received: 18 December 2012 /Revised: 28 January 2013 /Accepted: 30 January 2013 # Society for Mycotoxin Research and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Nine recently described Aspergillus species and Production was confirmed in recently collected isolates of A. four known species in section Versicolores were tested for protuberus and A. versicolor. A. austroafricanus and A. taba- their ability to produce sterigmatocystin on two liquid media, cinus did not produce sterigmatocystin. Czapek w/20 % Sucrose Broth and Yeast Extract Broth grown in the dark for 1 week at 25 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Critically Endangered Species from Turkey
    Fungal Conservation issue 4: February 2014 Fungal Conservation Note from the Editor This issue of Fungal Conservation is being put together in the glow of achievement associated with the Third International Congress on Fungal Conservation, held in Muğla, Turkey in November 2013. The meeting brought together people committed to fungal conservation from all corners of the Earth, providing information, stimulation, encouragement and general happiness that our work is starting to bear fruit. Especial thanks to our hosts at the University of Muğla who did so much behind the scenes to make the conference a success. This issue of Fungal Conservation includes an account of the meeting, and several papers based on presentations therein. A major development in the world of fungal conservation happened late last year with the launch of a new website (http://iucn.ekoo.se/en/iucn/welcome) for the Global Fungal Red Data List Initiative. This is supported by the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, which also made a most generous donation to support participants from less-developed nations at our conference. The website provides a user-friendly interface to carry out IUCN-compliant conservation assessments, and should be a tool that all of us use. There is more information further on in this issue of Fungal Conservation. Deadlines are looming for the 10th International Mycological Congress in Thailand in August 2014 (see http://imc10.com/2014/home.html). Conservation issues will be featured in several of the symposia, with one of particular relevance entitled "Conservation of fungi: essential components of the global ecosystem”. There will be room for a limited number of contributed papers and posters will be very welcome also: the deadline for submitting abstracts is 31 March.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Aspergillus
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 141–173. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus R.A. Samson1*, C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1, S.-B. Hong2, V. Hubka3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, A. Susca5, J.B. Tanney6, J. Varga7, S. Kocsube7, G. Szigeti7, T. Yaguchi8, and J.C. Frisvad9 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea; 3Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 4Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; 6Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; 8Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; 9Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] Abstract: Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploitation of Soil and Rhizosphere Inhabiting Fungal Species for Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites
    EXPLOITATION OF SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE INHABITING FUNGAL SPECIES FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES Ph. D Thesis By Saeed Ullah Khattak CENTRE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 2015 EXPLOITATION OF SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE INHABITING FUNGAL SPECIES FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES Ph. D Thesis By Saeed Ullah Khattak A thesis submitted to the University of Peshawar for the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Microbiology CENTRE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 2015 i EXPLOITATION OF SOIL AND KHIZOSPHERE INHABITING FUNGAL SPECIES FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES This thesis is submitted by Saeed UUah Kiiattak for the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology Approved bv: ]r Prof. Dr, Ghosia Lutfullah Research Supervisor 2. A, Dr. Zafar Iqbal Research Co- supervisor Dr. Syed Tahir Abbas Shah (COMSATS Islamabad) External Examiner 4. Professor Dr. GhosiaLutfullah Director Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my humble and profound gratitude to Al-Mighty Allah, who enabled me to complete this task. I am overwhelmed with gratitude to our Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) who taught us to seek knowledge from cradle to the grave. I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Ghosia Lutfullah, Director Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan for her valuable suggestions, guidance, motivation, support and affectionate environment which helped me a lot to complete this task successfully. I would like to extend my gratitude to my co- supervisor, Dr. Zafar Iqbal, Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, for all his help, sincere guidance and support throughout my research work.
    [Show full text]