DOCSLIB.ORG

Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Friday, August 14, 2009 Part III Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Incidental Takes of Marine Mammals During Specified Activities; Marine Geophysical Survey in Southeast Asia, March–July 2009; Notice VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:44 Aug 13, 2009 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\14AUN2.SGM 14AUN2 mstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with NOTICES2 41260 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 156 / Friday, August 14, 2009 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE geographical region if certain findings Japan, and the Philippines, and on the are made and either regulations are high seas, and is scheduled to occur National Oceanic and Atmospheric issued or, if the taking is limited to from March 31 to July 20, 2009. Some Administration harassment, a notice of a proposed minor deviation from these dates is RIN 0648–XL89 authorization is provided to the public possible, depending on logistics and for review. weather. Incidental Takes of Marine Mammals Authorization for incidental taking Taiwan is one of only a few sites of During Specified Activities; Marine shall be granted if NMFS finds that the arc-continent collision worldwide; and Geophysical Survey in Southeast Asia, taking will have a negligible impact on one of the primary tectonic March–July 2009 the species or stock(s), will not have an environments for large scale mountain unmitigable adverse impact on the building. The primary purpose of the AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries availability of the species or stock(s) for TAIGER project is to investigate the Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and subsistence uses (where relevant), and if processes of mountain building, a Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the permissible methods of taking and fundamental set of processes which Commerce. requirements pertaining to the plays a major role in shaping the face of ACTION: Notice; issuance and mitigation, monitoring and reporting of the Earth. The vicinity of Taiwan is modification of an incidental take such takings are set forth. NMFS has particularly well-suited for this type of authorization. defined ‘‘negligible impact’’ in 50 CFR study, because the collision can be 216.103 as ‘‘ * * * an impact resulting observed at different stages of its SUMMARY: In accordance with the from the specified activity that cannot evolution, from incipient, to mature, Marine Mammal Protection Act be reasonably expected to, and is not and finally to post-collision. (MMPA) regulations, notification is reasonably likely to, adversely affect the As a result of its location in an hereby given that NMFS issued and species or stock through effects on ongoing tectonic collision zone, Taiwan modified an Incidental Harassment annual rates of recruitment or survival.’’ experiences a great number of Authorization (IHA) to Lamont-Doherty Section 101(a)(5)(D) of the MMPA earthquakes, most are small, but many Earth Observatory (L–DEO), a part of established an expedited process by are large and destructive. This project Columbia University, for the take small which citizens of the U.S. can apply for will provide a great deal of information numbers of marine mammals, by an authorization to incidentally take about the nature of the earthquakes harassment, incidental to conducting a small numbers of marine mammals by around Taiwan and will lead to a better marine seismic survey in Southeast (SE) harassment. Except with respect to assessment of the earthquake hazards in Asia during March–July 2009. certain activities not pertinent here, the the area. The information obtained from DATES: Effective March 31, 2009, MMPA defines ‘‘harassment’’ as: this study will help the people and the through August 20, 2009. earthquake hazards in the area. The any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance information obtained from this study ADDRESSES: A copy of the IHA and which (i) has the potential to injure a marine will help the people and government of application are available by writing to P. mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild Taiwan to better prepare for future Michael Payne, Chief, Permits, [‘‘Level A harassment’’]; or (ii) has the seismic events and may thus mitigate Conservation, and Education Division, potential to disturb a marine mammal or some of the loss of life and economic Office of Protected Resources, National marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, disruptions that will inevitably occur. Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East- but not limited to, migration, breathing, The action is planned to take place in West Highway, Silver Spring, MD nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering the territorial seas and EEZ’s of foreign 20910–3235 or by telephoning the [‘‘Level B harassment’’]. nations, and will be continuous with the contact listed here. A copy of the 16 U.S.C. 1362(18) activity that takes place on the high application containing a list of the Section 101(a)(5)(D) establishes a 45- seas. NMFS does not authorize the references used in this document may day time limit for NMFS’ review of an incidental take of marine mammals in be obtained by writing to the address application followed by a 30-day public the territorial seas of foreign nations, as specified above, telephoning the contact notice and comment period on any the MMPA does not apply in those FOR FURTHER listed below (see proposed authorizations for the waters. However, NMFS still needs to INFORMATION CONTACT), or online at: incidental harassment of small numbers calculate the level of incidental take in http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/ of marine mammals. Within 45 days of territorial seas as part of the analysis incidental.htm. Documents cited in this the close of the comment period, NMFS supporting issuance of an IHA in order notice may be viewed, by appointment, must either issue or deny issuance of to determine the biological accuracy of during regular business hours, at the the authorization. the small numbers and negligible aforementioned address. impact determination. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Summary of Request Howard Goldstein or Ken Hollingshead, On October 27, 2008, NMFS received Description of the Specified Activity Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, an application from L–DEO for the The planned survey will involve one 301–713–2289. taking, by Level B harassment only, of source vessel, the R/V Marcus G. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: small numbers of marine mammals Langseth (Langseth), which will occur incidental to conducting, under in SE Asia. The Langseth will deploy an Background cooperative agreement with the National array of 36 airguns (6,600 in3) as an Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) of the Science Foundation (NSF), a marine energy source at a tow depth of 6–9 m MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) direct seismic survey in SE Asia. The funding (20–30 ft). The receiving system will the Secretary of Commerce to allow, for the Taiwan Integrated Geodynamics consist of a hydrophone streamer and upon request, the incidental, but not Research (TAIGER) survey is provided approximately 100 ocean bottom intentional, taking of marine mammals by the NSF. The proposed survey will seismometers (OBSs). The Langseth will by United States (U.S.) citizens who encompass the area 17°30′–26°30′ N, deploy an 8 km (5 mi) long streamer for engage in a specified activity (other than 113°30′–126° E within the Exclusive most transects requiring a streamer; commercial fishing) within a specified Economic Zones (EEZ) of Taiwan, however, a shorter streamer (500 m to 2 VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:44 Aug 13, 2009 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\14AUN2.SGM 14AUN2 mstockstill on DSKH9S0YB1PROD with NOTICES2 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 156 / Friday, August 14, 2009 / Notices 41261 km or 1,640 ft to 1.2 mi) will be used transponder interrogates the OBS at a The closest approach to the Ryuku during surveys in Taiwan (Formosa) frequency of 9–11 kHz, and a response Islands and Okinawa Islands will be Strait. As the airgun array is towed is received at a frequency of 9–13 kHz. 51.5 km (32 mi) and approximately 400 along the survey lines, the hydrophone The burn wire release assembly is then km (249 mi), respectively. Although the streamer will receive the returning activated, and the instrument is released survey will occur at least 32 km (29.9 acoustic signals and transfer the data to from the anchor to float to the surface. mi) from Luzon, Philippines, survey the on-board processing system. The The seismic survey as described in lines will take place approximately 28.6 OBSs record the returning acoustic the Federal Register notice (73 FR km (17.8 mi) and 8.8 km (5.5 mi) from signals internally for later analysis. The 78294, December 22, 2008) for the the Babuyan and Batan islands, OBSs to be used for the TAIGER proposed IHA was 15,902 km (9,881 mi) respectively. Water depths in the survey program will be deployed and retrieved in length. After public comment, L–DEO area range from approximately 25 to numerous times by a combination of 4 revised the tracklines so that the seismic 6,280 m (164–20,603 ft). There are not or 5 Taiwanese support vessels, as well survey consists of approximately 14,515 seismic lines in less than 50 m (164 ft) km (9,019 mi) of transect lines within as the Langseth. The Langseth will also water depth. The closest seismic line to the South and East China Seas as well retrieve 20 OBSs that were deployed in land is approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) as the Philippine Sea, with the majority the study area during previous years to from an island off the east coast of record earthquake activity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Philippine Sea Plate Inception, Evolution, and Consumption with Special Emphasis on the Early Stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana Subduction Lallemand
    Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction Lallemand Lallemand Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2016) 3:15 DOI 10.1186/s40645-016-0085-6 Lallemand Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2016) 3:15 Progress in Earth and DOI 10.1186/s40645-016-0085-6 Planetary Science REVIEW Open Access Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction Serge Lallemand1,2 Abstract We compiled the most relevant data acquired throughout the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the early expeditions to the most recent. We also analyzed the various explanatory models in light of this updated dataset. The following main conclusions are discussed in this study. (1) The Izanagi slab detachment beneath the East Asia margin around 60–55 Ma likely triggered the Oki-Daito plume occurrence, Mesozoic proto-PSP splitting, shortening and then failure across the paleo-transform boundary between the proto-PSP and the Pacific Plate, Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction initiation and ultimately PSP inception. (2) The initial splitting phase of the composite proto-PSP under the plume influence at ∼54–48 Ma led to the formation of the long-lived West Philippine Basin and short-lived oceanic basins, part of whose crust has been ambiguously called “fore-arc basalts” (FABs). (3) Shortening across the paleo-transform boundary evolved into thrusting within the Pacific Plate at ∼52–50 Ma, allowing it to subduct beneath the newly formed PSP, which was composed of an alternance of thick Mesozoic terranes and thin oceanic lithosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Roadside Geology of Taiwan: a Field Guide
    Roadside geology of taiwan: DȱHOGJXLGH 4UFQIBOJF$IFO About the cover 5IFDPWFSQIPUPEFQJDUTUIFGPMEFE HOFJTTFTJO5BSPLP/BUJPOBM1BSL "MMQIPUPTJOUIJTCPPLCZ 4UFQIBOJF$IFO 'PSNZGBNJMZ PREFACE 5IJTCPPLIBTCFFOXSJUUFOBTQBSUPGUIF 6OJWFSTJUZPG5PSPOUP`T#JH*EFBT&YQMPSJOH (MPCBM5BJXBODPNQFUJUJPO*UIBEBMXBZT CFFONZESFBNUPKVTUDBNQPVUBUBMPDBUJPO GPSBNPOUITBOELOPXFWFSZSPDLBOEPVU DSPQMJLFUIFCBDLPGNZIBOE BOEFWFOUVBMMZ XSJUFBpFMEHVJEFMJLFUIFPOFTUIBUHVJEFE NFUISPVHINZPXOHFPMPHZFEVDBUJPO *EJEO`UHFUUPTUBZGPSNPOUIT*OGBDU *XBTPOMZBCMFUPTUBZGPSPOFNPOUI CVUJU XBTTUJMMBOJODSFEJCMFFYQFSJFODF BOEUSVMZ IVNCMJOH 5BJXBO`THFPMPHZJTWFSZEJWFSTFBOE DPOUBJOTTPNBOZMPDBMTDBMFWBSJBUJPOTXIJDI BUNBOZUJNFTBSFIBSEBOEDIBMMFOHJOHUP pOE*U`TIPUBOEIVNJE NPTRVJUPFTBCPVOE BOEWFOPNPVTTOBLFTMVSLCFOFBUIUIFCSVTI #VUGPSUIPTFXIPBSFXJMMJOHUPUBLFUIFDIBM MFOHFBOEFYQFSJFODFXIBUUIJTMJUUMFJTMBOE DPVOUSZIBTUPP⒎FS ZPVXJMMOPUCFEJTBQ QPJOUFE 4UFQIBOJF C9. Tai Shan Tunnel 42 Table of contents C10. He Huan Shan 45 Southeast Coast 49 SE1. Fanshuliao Bridge 49 SE2. Baxian Cave 50 SE3. East Taiwan Ophiolite 52 Introduction i SE4. Wanrong 55 SE5. Taimali 56 Northern Coast 1 SE6. Lichi Badlands 57 N1. Yu-Ao Roadcut 1 SE7. Sanxiantai 61 N2. Yu-Ao Fishing Port 2 Southwest Coast 67 N3. Yehliu Geopark 4 N4. 13-Level Cu Refinery/Golden Waterfall 9 SW1. Wu Shan Ding 68 N5. Nanya Rock 11 SW2. Xing Yang Nu Hu Bee Farm 70 N6. Heping Dao (Peace Island) 14 SW3. Moon World 71 N7. Elephant’s Trunk/Shen Ao Promontory 16 SW4. Laterites in Southern Taiwan 74 N8. Longdong 20 N9. Bitou Cape 21 N10. Turtle Island 22 N11. Miaoli
    [Show full text]
  • Hagen RA 1987 Thesis.Pdf
    Seismic refracton study of the crustal s APR 9 .:I Ot D AC . H3 no . HS 7 15 3 4 9 • 1111111111111111111111111111111 llll Ha3e11 Hagen, Ricky A. SOEST Library Se 1 ••J" l • f't1 s A SEISMIC REFRACTION STUDY OF THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE IN THE ACTIVE SEISMIC ZONE EAST OF TAIWAN • A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE • UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE • IN GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS MAY 1987 • By Ricky Allen Hagen • Thesis Committee: • Frederick Duennebier, Chairman Gerard Fryer Patricia Fryer • Brian Taylor HAWAII INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSJCS • LIBRARY • • ii • • • We certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis • for the degree of Master of Science in Geology and Geophysics. THESIS COMMITTEE Chairman • • • • • • 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to especially thank Dr. Frederick Duennebier for providing moral and financial support during the course of this • project. Fred's confidence and optimism kept me going many times when I might have faltered. Thanks are also due to Robert Cessaro for taking the time to help me along the path to computer literacy. Bob's • programs, help, and advice saved ne countless hours of work, and made this project a pleasant learning experience rather than a data processing night~are . • Chip McCreery assisted in the data collection and provided assistance in the initial data reduction. Firmin Oliveira was responsible for much of the digitizing software (along with Bob • Cessaro) and was often called upon for advice and assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Cenozoic Stratigraphy of Taiwan: Window Into Rifting, Stratigraphy and Paleoceanography of South China Sea
    Review Progress of Projects Supported by NSFC August 2012 Vol.57 No.24: 31303149 SPECIAL TOPIC: Deep Sea Processes and Evolution of the South China Sea doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5349-y Cenozoic stratigraphy of Taiwan: Window into rifting, stratigraphy and paleoceanography of South China Sea HUANG Chi-Yue1, YEN Yi1, ZHAO QuanHong2 & LIN Chiou-Ting1 1 Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Received September 1, 2011; accepted June 8, 2012 Shallow marine sequences of the northern South China Sea (SCS) are uplifted and exposed by plate convergence in the Taiwan mountain belt. These deposits provide detailed geological information about the rifting event, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleo- climate and paleoceanography of the shallow SCS to compare with what are recorded in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. Seismic surveys and marine micropalentological studies show that Eocene sequences in the offshore Taiwan Strait and onland Taiwan mountain belt are all deposited in rifting basins and are covered unconformably by the Late Oligocene-Neogene post-rifting strata. Between syn-rifting and post-rifting sequences, there is a regional break-up unconformity throughout the island. Early Oligocene and Late Eocene strata are missing along the break-up unconformity equivalent to the T7 unconformity in the Pearl River Mouth Basin off south China. This may suggest that the SCS oceanic crust could have initiated between 33 and 39 Ma. Neither obvious stratigraphic gap nor slumping features are found in the Oligocene-Miocene transition interval of Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of the South China Sea from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Isolation of the South China Sea from the North Pacifc Subtropical Gyre since the latest Miocene due to formation of the Luzon Strait Shaoru Yin1*, F. Javier Hernández‑Molina2, Lin Lin3, Jiangxin Chen4,5*, Weifeng Ding1 & Jiabiao Li1 The North Pacifc subtropical gyre (NPSG) plays a major role in present global ocean circulation. At times, the gyre has coursed through the South China Sea, but its role in the evolutionary development of that Sea remains uncertain. This work systematically describes a major shift in NPSG paleo‑ circulation evident from sedimentary features observed in seismic and bathymetric data. These data outline two contourite depositional systems—a buried one formed in the late Miocene, and a latest Miocene to present‑day system. The two are divided by a prominent regional discontinuity that represents a major shift in paleo‑circulation during the latest Miocene (~ 6.5 Ma). The shift coincides with the further restriction of the South China Sea with respect to the North Pacifc due to the formation of the Luzon Strait as a consequence of further northwest movement of the Philippine Sea plate. Before that restriction, data indicate vigorous NPSG circulation in the South China Sea. Semi‑ closure, however, established a new oceanographic circulation regime in the latest Miocene. This work demonstrates the signifcant role of recent plate tectonics, gateway development, and marginal seas in the establishment of modern global ocean circulation. In the Pacifc Ocean, the North Pacifc subtropical gyre (NPSG) represents a surface level water mass that advects warm water from the tropics to central and higher-latitude areas of the North Pacifc basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistoric Earthquakes Along the Shanchiao Fault, Taipei Basin, Northern Taiwan
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 31 (2007) 265–276 www.elsevier.com/locate/jaes Prehistoric earthquakes along the Shanchiao fault, Taipei Basin, northern Taiwan Shao-Yi Huang a,¤, Charles M. Rubin b,¤, Yue-Gau Chen a, Huan-Chi Liu c a Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan b Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, Washington, USA c Central Geological Survey, Taipei, Taiwan Received 24 February 2004; received in revised form 14 July 2005; accepted 27 July 2006 Abstract Stratigraphic relations recorded in boreholes drilled along the Shanchiao fault, a normal fault that bounds the western margin of metropolitan Taipei, reveal evidence of early–mid Holocene subsidence and active extension of the Taipei Basin. Paleoseismic data sug- gest that the maximum displacement for each subsidence event ranges from 2.3 to 4.5 m. Despite large uncertainties, the large oVsets imply earthquake magnitudes that range in size from 6.9 to 7.1. Our results suggest that large magnitude earthquakes along the Shanchiao fault are one of the major seismic hazards in the metropolitan Taipei area. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Shanchiao fault; Normal fault; Taipei; Subsidence; Paleoearthquake 1. Introduction earthquake occurred in April 1694 and likely produced a marine intrusion into Taipei Basin, which is the only The island of Taiwan is one of the most seismically active record that demonstrates recent co-seismic subsidence in regions of the world. Numerous large magnitude earth- the Taipei area. EVorts to characterize earthquake haz- quakes have produced surface ruptures in the last century, ards in Taipei Basin are hampered by the absence of key such as the Mw 7.6 1999 Chi-chi earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
    FIRE and MUD Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines PHIVOLCS | U.S.Geological SurveyUSGS Books and Other Publications This page is <http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/>Contact: Chris NewhallLast updated 02.11.04 FIRE AND MUD: ERUPTIONS AND LAHARS OF MOUNT PINATUBO, PHILIPPINES EDITED BY: CHRISTOPHER G. NEWHALL, Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Affiliate Professor, University of Washington Volcano Systems Center, ANDRAYMUNDO S. PUNONGBAYAN, Director, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology Philippine Institute of Volcanology and SeismologyQuezon CityUniversity of Washington PressSeattle and London1996 Printed in Hong Kong A disk, prepared by the United States Geological Survey, accompanies the book. The disk contains two programs, PINAPLOT (for DOS) and VOLQUAKE (for Windows), both of which show the evolving seismicity before and after the 1991 eruptions of Pinatubo. VOLQUAKE also includes data sets for Mount St. Helens and Mount Spurr. The book will be available on USGS and PHIVOLCS web sites. MALACAÑAN PALACE MANILA FOREWORD Clear and present danger is a great unifier. When Mount Pinatubo devastated our land in 1991, it dissolved geographical, cultural, and economic barriers. Filipinos were one with each other and with the world as spontaneous aid poured into the Pinatubo region. Colleagues in the international scientific community came to help, not only to address the disaster of the moment, but also to resolve underlying scientific and technological problems of future hazards as well. The significance of the Pinatubo experience lies not only in the successful forecasting of eruptions and lahar flows. It also highlighted many new challenges. As a circle of light increases, so does the circumference of darkness that surrounds it.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights on 3-D Plates Interaction Near Taiwan from Tomography and Tectonic Implications
    Tectonophysics 335 42001) 229±253 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto New insights on 3-D plates interaction near Taiwan from tomography and tectonic implications Serge Lallemanda,*, Yvonne Fontb, Harmen Bijwaardc,1, Honn Kaod aLaboratoire de GeÂophysique, Tectonique et SeÂdimentologie, UMR CNRS-UM25573, ISTEEM, Case 60, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France bInstitute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-13, Taipei, Taiwan cVening Meinesz Research School of Geodynamics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands dInstitute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 1-55, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan Received 20 September 2000; accepted 28 March 2001 Abstract Recent tomographic results are used to trace the South China Sea and Philippine Sea subducting slabs, south and northeast of Taiwan along the Manila and Ryukyu trenches, respectively. In particular, the 3-D plates interaction beneath Taiwan is discussed based on a close-up view of the tomographic sections together with earthquake hypocenters distribution. Our study indicates that: 41) the east-dipping South China Sea slab can be followed to the north, up to the latitude of Hualien, 42) the Eurasian plate subducts beneath most part of the Taiwan island down to the 670 km-depth discontinuity, 43) the north- dipping Philippine Sea slab can be followed slightly west of the longitude of Hualien. Both plates thus interact beneath northern Taiwan where the arc±continent collision is paroxysmal. 44) Slab detachment is envisaged at the northern edge of the subducted Eurasian plate beneath the Coastal Range of Taiwan, which may facilitate the northwestward motion of the Philippine Sea plate with respect to Eurasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Present-Day Crustal Deformation Along the Philippine Fault in Luzon
    Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 65 (2013) 64–74 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asian Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Present-day crustal deformation along the Philippine Fault in Luzon, Philippines ⇑ Shui-Beih Yu a, , Ya-Ju Hsu a, Teresito Bacolcol b, Chia-Chu Yang c, Yi-Chun Tsai a, Renato Solidum b a Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan b Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City, Philippines c Institute of Geophysics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan article info abstract Article history: The Philippine Fault results from the oblique convergence between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Sun- Available online 26 January 2011 da Block/Eurasian Plate. The fault exhibits left-lateral slip and transects the Philippine archipelago from the northwest corner of Luzon to the southeast end of Mindanao for about 1200 km. To better understand Keywords: fault slip behavior along the Philippine Fault, eight GPS surveys were conducted from 1996 to 2008 in the Philippine Fault Luzon region. We combine the 12-yr survey-mode GPS data in the Luzon region and continuous GPS data GPS velocity in Taiwan, along with additional 15 International GNSS Service sites in the Asia-Pacific region, and use the Crustal strain GAMIT/GLOBK software to calculate site coordinates. We then estimate the site velocity from position Interseismic deformation time series by linear regression. Our results show that the horizontal velocities with respect to the Sunda Dislocation model Block gradually decrease from north to south along the western Luzon at rates of 85–49 mm/yr in the west–northwest direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Weathering, River Geochemistry and Atmospheric Carbon fluxes from Volcanic and Ultramafic Regions on Luzon Island, the Philippines
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011) 978–1002 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Chemical weathering, river geochemistry and atmospheric carbon fluxes from volcanic and ultramafic regions on Luzon Island, the Philippines H.H. Schopka a,⇑, L.A. Derry a, C.A. Arcilla b a Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA b National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines Received 7 April 2010; accepted in revised form 12 November 2010; available online 17 November 2010 Abstract We investigated rates of chemical weathering of volcanic and ophiolitic rocks on Luzon Island, the Philippines. Luzon has a tropical climate and is volcanically and tectonically very active, all factors that should enhance chemical weathering. Sev- enty-five rivers and streams (10 draining ophiolites, 65 draining volcanic bedrock) and two volcanic hot springs were sampled and analyzed for major elements, alkalinity and 87Sr/86Sr. Cationic fluxes from the volcanic basins are dominated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ and dissolved silica concentrations are high (500–1900 lM). Silica concentrations in streams draining ophiolites are 2+ lower (400–900 lM), and the cationic charge is mostly Mg . The areally weighted average CO2 export flux from our study area is 3.89 ± 0.21 Â 106 mol/km2/yr, or 5.99 ± 0.64 Â 106 mol/km2/yr from ophiolites and 3.58 ± 0.23 Â 106 mol/km2/yr from volcanic areas (uncertainty given as ±1 standard error, s.e.). This is 6–10 times higher than the current best estimate of areally averaged global CO2 export by basalt chemical weathering and 2–3 times higher than the current best estimate of CO2 export by basalt chemical weathering in the tropics.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment
    Tectonophysics 708 (2017) 81–95 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Spatial variation of seismogenic depths of crustal earthquakes in the Taiwan region: Implications for seismic hazard assessment Wen-Nan Wu a,⁎, Yin-Tung Yen b, Ya-Ju Hsu c,Yih-MinWud, Jing-Yi Lin a,e, Shu-Kun Hsu a,e a Center for Environmental Studies, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan b Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Inc., No. 280, Xinhu 2nd Road, Neihu District, Taipei City 11494, Taiwan c Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan d Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Daan District, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan e Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan article info abstract Article history: This paper presents the first whole Taiwan-scale spatial variation of the seismogenic zone using a high-quality Received 15 November 2016 crustal seismicity catalog. The seismicity onset and cutoff depths (i.e., seismogenic depths) are determined by Received in revised form 18 April 2017 the earthquake depth–moment distribution and used to define the upper and lower boundaries of the Accepted 25 April 2017 seismogenic zone, respectively. Together with the published fault geometries and fault area–moment magnitude Available online 26 April 2017 relations, the depth difference in the onset and cutoff depths (i.e., seismogenic thickness) is used as the fault width to determine the moment magnitudes of potential earthquakes for the major seismogenic faults.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanoes Magnify Metro Manila's Southwest Monsoon Rains And
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 13 January 2015 EARTH SCIENCE doi: 10.3389/feart.2014.00036 Volcanoes magnify Metro Manila’s southwest monsoon rains and lethal floods Alfredo Mahar F. Lagmay 1*, Gerry Bagtasa 2, Irene A. Crisologo 1, Bernard Alan B. Racoma 1 and Carlos Primo C. David 1 1 National Instiute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines 2 Institute of Environmental Sciences and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines Edited by: Many volcanoes worldwide are located near populated cities that experience monsoon Valerio Acocella, Università Roma seasons, characterized by shifting winds each year. Because of the severity of flood impact Tre, It aly to large populations, it is worthy of investigation in the Philippines and elsewhere to better Reviewed by: understand the phenomenon for possible hazard mitigating solutions, if any. During the Alexandre M. Ramos, University of Lisbon, Portugal monsoon season, the change in flow direction of winds brings moist warm air to cross the Ana María Durán-Quesada, mountains and volcanoes in western Philippines and cause lift into the atmosphere, which University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica normally leads to heavy rains and floods. Heavy southwest monsoon rains from 18–21 *Correspondence: August 2013 flooded Metro Manila (population of 12 million) and its suburbs paralyzing Alfredo Mahar F.Lagmay, National the nation’s capital for an entire week. Called the 2013 Habagat event, it was a repeat Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines Diliman, of the 2012 Habagat or extreme southwest monsoon weather from 6–9 August, which P.Velasquez Street, Diliman, Quezon delivered record rains in the mega city.
    [Show full text]