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Eachtra Journal Eachtra Journal Issue 3 [ISSN 2009-2237] Archaeological Excavation Report E2771 - Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath Metalworking site Final Archaeological Excavation Report, Monganstown 1 N6 Kinnegad to Kilbeggan Co. Westmeath Metalworking site August 2009 Client: Westmeath County Council Culleen Beg Mullingar Co. Westmeath E Number: E2771 Ministerial Order No.: A001/01 Licensee: John Lehane Contact details: The Forge, Innishannon, Co. Cork. Written by: John Lehane and Penny Johnston Tel.: 021 470 16 16 Fax: 021 470 16 28 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.eachtra.ie E2771 | A001/01 Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath ISSUE 3: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... iv 1 Non-Technical Summary ....................................................................................1 2 Scope of the Project ............................................................................................1 3 Receiving Environment ......................................................................................2 3.1 Geology ........................................................................................................2 3.2 Soils and their uses .......................................................................................2 3.3 Topography ..................................................................................................2 4 Archaeological and Historical Background .........................................................3 4.1 Bronze Age c. 2500-500 BC .........................................................................3 4.2 Iron Age c. 500 BC-500 AD ........................................................................3 4.3 Early Medieval c. 500-1100 AD ...................................................................3 4.4 Later Medieval c. 1100-1650 AD ..................................................................4 4.5 Post-medieval c. 1650-20th century ...............................................................5 4.6 Placenames and Townlands ..........................................................................5 5 Site location and topography ...............................................................................6 6 Results of the Excavation ....................................................................................6 6.1 Area 1 ..........................................................................................................6 7 Artefactual Remains ..........................................................................................10 8 Environmental Remains ....................................................................................11 9 Industrial Residues ............................................................................................11 10 Discussion .........................................................................................................12 11 Conclusion .........................................................................................................13 12 Bibliography ......................................................................................................14 13 Figures ............................................................................................................... 15 14 Plates .................................................................................................................21 15 Appendices ........................................................................................................27 15.1 Appendix 1: Context Register ......................................................................27 15.2 Appendix 2: Stratigraphic Matrix ................................................................33 15.3 Appendix 3: Radiocarbon dates from Monganstown 1 ................................34 15.4 Appendix 4: Assessment of Industrial Residues from Excavations at Monganstown 1 ........................................................................................................................ 35 15.5 Appendix 5: Charred plant remains and charcoal from Monganstown 1 .....54 Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e2771-monganstown-1-co-westmeath/ iii E2771 | A001/01 Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath ISSUE 3: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237 Table of contents cont. 15.6 Appendix 6: Analysis of charcoal assemblages from Monganstown 1 ...........59 15.7 Appendix 7: Chemical analysis of industrial residues ...................................67 15.8 Appendix 8: Lithics Finds Report for A001/01 – Monganstown 1, Co. West- meath ....................................................................................................................73 Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e2771-monganstown-1-co-westmeath/ iv E2771 | A001/01 Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath ISSUE 3: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237 Acknowledgements Senior Archaeologist: John Tierney Licensee: John Lehane Field staff: Ray Riordan, Caroline Healy, Helen Butler, Julian Stroud, Deidre Gleeson, Christina Murphy Additional Post-Excavation Work: Antonia Doolan, Sara Camplese, Illustrations: Enda O’Mahony, Deidre Gleeson Text: John Lehane, Áine Richardson, Antonia Doolan, Penny Johnston Specialists: Neil Fairburn, Marcos Martinón-Torres, Abigail Brewer, Penny Johnston, Mary Dillon, Farina Sternke, Queen’s University Belfast 14Chrono Centre Works were carried out on behalf of Westmeath County Council and were funded by the National Roads Authority under the National Development Plan 2000 - 2006. Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e2771-monganstown-1-co-westmeath/ v E2771 | A001/01 Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath ISSUE 3: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237 List of Figures Figure 1: General situation of site along the route of the new road N6 Kinnegad to Kilbeggan Discovery Series Map ............................................................................................................................................15 Figure 2: Monganstown 1 in relation to trenches of archaeological centreline testing that was carried out along the route of the new road .............................................................................................................16 Figure 3: RMP sites near the route of the new road N6 Kinnegad to Kilbeggan ...................................17 Figure 4: The excavated site showing three areas of excavation (Areas 1, 2 and 3) at Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath (A001/01) ...........................................................................................................................18 Figure 5: Area of excavation in Area 1 at Monganstown 1 ....................................................................19 Figure 6: Sections through furnaces C.57, C.60 and C.63 ................................................................... 20 List of Plates Plate 1: General site photograph ............................................................................................................21 Plate 2: General site photograph ............................................................................................................21 Plate 3: C.24 post-excavation ................................................................................................................22 Plate 4: C.63 mid-excavation ................................................................................................................22 Plate 5: C.40 post-excavation ................................................................................................................23 Plate 6: C.15 post-excavation .................................................................................................................23 Plate 7: C.2 post-excavation ................................................................................................................. 24 Plate 8: C.66 mid-excavation ............................................................................................................... 24 Plate 9: C.50 mid-excavation.................................................................................................................25 Plate 10: Flint A001/01:13:1 ..................................................................................................................25 Plate 11: An example of clay wall remains within furnace C.63 ............................................................26 Permalink: http://eachtra.ie/index.php/journal/e2771-monganstown-1-co-westmeath/ vi E2771 | A001/01 Monganstown 1, Co. Westmeath ISSUE 3: Eachtra Journal - ISSN 2009-2237 1 Non-Technical Summary This report details the results of archaeological excavations carried out at Monganstown townland, along the line of the N6 realignment between Kinnegad and Kilbeggan (Figure 1). Situated approxi- mately 2 km west of Kinnegad, the site is one of fourteen new archaeological sites identified during test excavations carried out in 2004. Following the identification of archaeological remains in situ during the testing phase, it was recommended that preservation by record would be required. The main concentration of archaeological features was confined to an area of approximately 15 m2 and was excavated under ministerial order A001/001. Evidence was recovered showing the existence of early medieval charcoal production pits, and Iron Age ironworking features, as well as other possible smelting and smithing furnaces close by. Several other pits were excavated,
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