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Pour Qu'un Espace Public Parisien, Place Ou Rue, Établissement « Pour qu’un espace public parisien, place ou rue, établissement scolaire ou culturel, soit dédié à la mémoire de Lise et Artur LONDON. » Vœu présenté par Nicolas Bonnet, Président du groupe communiste et du parti de gauche, adopté à l’unanimité par le Conseil d’Arrondissement. Lundi 8 octobre 2012 à Paris 12e. Madame la Maire, Mes chèr-es collègues, C’est un honneur pour moi et avec beaucoup d’émotion que je vous présente ce vœu au nom des élus de la majorité pour qu’un espace public parisien, un établissement scolaire ou culturel, de surcroit dans le 12e arrondissement, soit dédié à la mémoire de Lise et Artur London. Il m’est impossible de retracer aujourd’hui le parcours exceptionnel de ces deux grands personnages qui ont traversé l’histoire de notre pays et l’histoire de l’Europe. De nombreux ouvrages y sont consacrés notamment l’autobiographie de Lise London en deux tomes « La mégère de la rue Daguerre » et « Le printemps des camarades » et bien entendu « L’aveu » d’Artur London, immortalisé en 1970 par le film de Costa Gavras, interprété par Yves Montand et scénarisé par Jorge Semprún, pour lequel nous avons décidé l’an passé l'attribution d’une voie dans le 12e arrondissement. A travers ce vœu, nous souhaitons rendre hommage à ce couple de militants communistes et inlassables combattants pour la liberté ; rendre hommage à leurs engagements, aux luttes historiques, tant dans la défense de la République espagnole que dans la Résistance contre l'occupation nazie ; mettre en lumière l’accusation monstrueuse dont ils ont étaient victimes par le stalinisme en Tchécoslovaquie, et leur témoignage unique dans le combat pour la justice. Lise London, née Élizabeth Ricol, nous a quitté le 31 mars 2012 à l’âge de 96 ans pour rejoindre Artur London décédé le 7 novembre 1986, alors qu’elle demeurait rue du Sergent Bauchat dans notre arrondissement. Au-delà de la richesse de l’histoire de leur vie qui est à découvrir ou redécouvrir, Lise et Artur London nous laissent en héritage l’histoire d’un engagement, les valeurs du courage, la nécessité du sens critique et l’histoire d’un amour infaillible. Un héritage qui dépasse la cause partisane et interroge chacune et chacun d’entre nous dans nos vies respectives comme dans notre implication politique. D’abord l’engagement politique mis au service du combat pour l'émancipation humaine et contre la barbarie et l'injustice. Lise, fille d’une famille très pauvre de mineurs, s'engage très tôt au Parti communiste français qui dès 1934, alors qu’elle a 18 ans, la missionna auprès du siège du Komintern, à Moscou. Là-bas, elle fit la rencontre d'Artur London, un communiste tchèque qui allait devenir l'amour de sa vie et son deuxième époux, après Auguste Delaune secrétaire générale de l’internationale sportive rouge et fondateur la FSGT torturé et tué par les Allemands en 1943. À son retour en France, à l'été 1936, Lise travaille comme secrétaire auprès du responsable de la MOI et prendra une part active à la mise en place des Brigades internationales de solidarité avec les républicains espagnols, à Paris, puis à Albacete, au quartier général des Brigades internationales, auprès d'André Marty. Artur London la rejoindra et prendra part à la résistance aux cotés des républicains. Ce fut un combat fondateur pour Lise et Artur, les épreuves traversées, les combats menés, n'ont fait que renforcer leur courage et leur humanité alors qu’ils n’avaient que 20 ans. Lise disait récemment, « on était volontaire pour partir en Espagne, pour lutter, pour changer le monde. L’Espagne était abandonnée alors que les allemands armaient les franquistes et bombardaient le peuple espagnol, la lutte était inégale et la non-intervention de la France, le refus de vendre des armes aux républicains espagnols fut une injustice qui a changé l’histoire de l’Europe. » Rejointe à Paris par son époux, en février 1939, et jeune maman d'une fille née en février 1938, Lise est des premières à s'engager, sous les ordres d'Henri Rol-Tanguy, dans la Résistance, devenant capitaine des Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP). Poursuivie pour assassinat, association de malfaiteurs et activités communistes, Lise est arrêtée en août 1942 par la police française. Elle donne naissance à son fils en prison à La Petite Roquette, puis après un passage à Fresnes et à la prison de Rennes, elle est livrée aux Allemands pour être déportée au camp de concentration de Ravensbrück. Les conditions inhumaines du camp de concentration, celles infligées aux membres de sa famille entière – son père, son frère eux aussi emprisonnés et à son mari, Artur, lui aussi déporté – n'auront pas raison d'elle. C’est le courage de ce couple qui aura été déterminant. Il fallait du courage pour prendre la parole en plein Paris, rue Daguerre, et crier que le Nazisme et la Collaboration étaient intolérables, le lendemain où des centaines de chars allemands patrouillaient dans Paris après avoir apposé sur les murs les peines de mort encourues par les résistants et leur famille. Celle que la police de Vichy recherchait sous le surnom de « la mégère de la rue Daguerre », était devenue aux yeux des parisiennes et parisiens l’héroïne de la rue Daguerre et une force motrice pour l’engagement des femmes dans la Résistance. Rappelons à ce titre que Lise London organisa une manifestation dans le 12e arrondissement le 27 juin 1942 au carrefour de la rue du Faubourg St Antoine et de l’avenue Ledru Rollin où 150 à 200 participantes lancèrent des tracts en entonnant la Marseillaise. La réussite de cette manifestation a été essentielle pour la suite et l’organisation de la manifestation de la rue Daguerre. Présenter ce vœu au nom du couple Lise et Artur London, c’est également reconnaitre la force de leur amour infaillible et la fidélité du couple face aux épreuves qu’ils ont rencontré. Lorsque Lise quitte Auguste Delaune pour Artur London, elle subit diverses pressions et s’entends dire par les plus hauts dirigeants de son parti : « tu n’as pas le droit d’agir ainsi avec un militant comme ton mari », « avec ton tchèque, tu n’as aucun avenir et votre union se dissoudra après ton départ pour la France », « les mariages mixtes sont rarement viables ». Ceux que l’on nomme les amants de Vérone ont subit bien des épreuves, l’éloignement, l’enfermement, et bien pire encore l’épreuve de l’Aveu. A la libération, Artur et Lise London s'installent en Tchécoslovaquie qui doit se reconstruire ; Artur entre au gouvernement comme Vice-ministre des Affaires étrangères. L'épreuve qui les attendait en Tchécoslovaquie de 1951 à 1956 fut des plus tragiques. À ses procureurs staliniens, elle déclara : « J’étais, je suis et je resterai communiste, avec ou sans carte du Parti ». Sa résistance à la folie stalinienne prenant pour cible les anciens Brigadistes, et la solidarité des communistes français alertés par Raymond Guyot, auront raison de la terreur stalinienne. Libéré, Artur est enfin réhabilité en 1956. Revenus en France en 1963, le pays qu'ils ont libéré du Nazisme et de la Collaboration, le pays qui a vu naître leurs enfants, ils ne la quitteront plus. Avec ce vœu en hommage à Lise et Artur London, nous voulons prolonger leur volonté d’éclairer les cotés lumineux comme les cotés sombres de notre histoire. Explorer les fautes d’une génération, la perte du sens critique, du doute par l’aveuglement et les mots d’ordre d’un parti. « Ouvrez grands les yeux, ne vous laissez pas enfermer dans les certitudes, n’hésitez pas à douter, battez-vous contre les injustices, ne laissez pas la perversion salir les idéaux communistes. Soyez-vous- mêmes », dira Lise London à ceux qui l'interrogeaient encore sur son engagement communiste présent. « Ouvrez grands les yeux... soyez vous-mêmes » – Chers collègues, en chérissant la mémoire de Lise et Artur London, nous voulons être fidèles à leurs engagements et à leur courage..
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