Content Analysis: a Comparative Study of Two Dramas of Pakistan Television Network Samreen Asghar, Bushra Mahnoor, Wajeeha Zahid

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2020 1645 ISSN 2229-5518

Content Analysis: A Comparative Study of Two Dramas of Pakistan Television Network Samreen Asghar, Bushra Mahnoor, Wajeeha Zahid

Abstract— this study analyzes Pakistani and specifically state-oriented PTV dramas. The world of television shows and tells us about life, people, places, power, and fate. People like to engage with the activities of social media and mostly, believe on the stance of it without referring it with genu- ine resources. Researchers are here tending to compare two dramas, representing two eras, to trace how women struggle change over time. For a woman, in a society like Pakistan, it is more difficult than a man to earn and maintain a successful position. The paper explains women struggle in two eras as in 1993 and in 2017. In Pakistan, the story of a woman’s deprivations starts even before her birth, where most of the girl fetuses are aborted. The lucky ones who survive are mostly “unwanted” children. Their life is a journey of subordination. The status of women in Pakistan is one of systemic gender subordination even though it varies considerably across classes, regions, and the rural/urban divide due to uneven socioeconomic development and the impact of tribal, feudal, and capitalist social formations on women's lives. The Pakistani women of today do, however, enjoy a better status than the past.

Index Terms— dramas represents eras, gender subordination, soial structures, cultural formations, gender roles transformation & translation over time, women emporment, cultural taboos ——————————  ——————————

1. INTRODUCTION Mass media is a sort of communication whether writ- time periods and the selected dramas are mainly revolved ten, broadcasted, or spoken that reaches a large audience. This around woman’s passion and women struggle. includes television, radio, advertising, movies, the Internet, Researchers selected two distinguished dramas of newspapers, magazines. So, one can say: “mass media is a PTV, “MARVI”, a folk tale of Umer & Marvi and “FARZ” A technology that is intended to reach a mass audience”. Mass woman in men’s profession. These dramas aired on PTV, in media acts as a significant force in modern culture. (Fol-kerts, two different era’s, explaining different life situations of wom- 2006) en struggle in their times. The very basic reason for selecting Sociologists refer mass media an influencing power these dramas is that these dramas are not based on fantasy which reflects and creates the culture, thinking and ideology and mostly reflect the realities of Pakistan. In Marvi drama, of a community. Communities and individuals watch, listen Ghazal Siddique as Marvi and Hassam Qazi as Umar starred and read ideologies, cultures of their own as well as of others in it as leading roles. It was written by Noor-ul-Huda Shah from multitude sources of massIJSER media including TV, bill- and directed by Sultana Siddiqui. It saw Mahnoor Baloch de- boards, radio, magazines etc. (Gripsrud, 2017) These sources but in a supporting role and also a good friend of Marvi. of mass media with ideologies and culture reflect not only a Marvi story revolves around a girl who used to live in society’s mind but also give a path to many new ideologies, a Goth of Sindh, Khoso, Thar area, Pakistan. Khoso Goth lo- thinking’s and cultures. However, this finds hard otherwise to cated adjacent to Jinnah International Airport. Marvi goes to penetrate from a particular society to another particular socie- the city for studying with an aim to come back to her village ty, thus easily changing the mind of a community. and make the living conditions better for her people. Every- In television programs, one of the most important thing doesn’t go the way she expected; she faces a lot of hard- genres which influence people the most is “DRAMA”. The ships. Hassam Qazi plays the role of Marvi’s possessive lover: drama has always played a key role in developing society as it Umar. It was the time when educating a woman was consid- has an immense influence on fashion, attitudes, behaviours ered a sin and to support her was just like a crime in Marvi's and thinking of society. Dramas have multi-pronged impacts culture. In that situation, Marvi not only survived against pa- on its audience as it silently transmits its message. It can affect triarchal setup but also took the first step to breaking the people positively or negatively, but it totally depends upon the backbone of exploiting the feudal system in her area. The content. drama presented a delicate mixture of emotions in a very im- Society itself has many untold stories and unidenti- pressive way. fied success stories of the people. However, this paper analysis The second drama is Farz aired on PTV in 2017, and women struggles in two different time periods so that one can have the gap of 24 years from drama Marvi, written by a analyze what kind of hindrances women faced when they are young and promising playwright Aamir Raza. The 17 episodes committed to doing something progressive. How women’s drama serial is directed by the maestro Kashif Nisar who is emancipation is limit then and now. Drama represents two known for handling sensitive subjects. Farz is the latest pro- different era’s and reflect the image of women struggle in two duction of Sixth Sense Communications that is well known for its issue-based communications through entertainment.

“Farz” drama is primarily a comment on contempo- she wants to do something for herself and for her family in a rary Pakistani society with all its complexities and frustrations different way. The significance of this study is that dramas set in the backdrop of a lower-middle-class neighbourhood, play a vital role in gender role translations and gender role where people with dreams and deadly conspiracies strive to transformation. Through this translation and transformations live in harsh realities. She is Aliya; brilliantly played by Sonia of gender roles, there is a portrayal of both genders. Mishal, the character shows how to fight back patriarchy and 5. CONTENT ANALYSIS discrimination at every level. She becomes a police officer to Marvi drama was aired in 1993 while Farz drama in steer her life through. 2017. Both dramas have 24 years of gap. Both were casted in Our research is based on a comparative fashion on the Karachi in different regions and at different time period. Here, content analysis of the aforementioned two dramas. Content researchers have find out the main themes of the dramas as analysis is a way to analyze the content by slant, dialect and well as the cultural difference and similarities. The paper their intensity. And, a comparative study is done to compare compared them and traced that how the state oriented channel the content of two dramas through different angles. We en- portray the cultural values, gender roles and language in dif- deavour to find out how our state-oriented channel portrays ferent era’s. and captures the reality of two eras gaping 24 years. Besides we will try our best to show the differences & similarities 5.1 MAIN STORY OF THE DRAMAS along with the shift of women’s role from 1993 to 2017 in our Marvi 1993: paper. This story revolves around a girl who used to live in an area of Sindh, Goth village. Khoso Village is a suburb of 2. METHODOLOGY Shah Faisal Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Khoso The method which is used in this study is qualitative Goth located adjacent to Jinnah International Airport. This research and content analysis in which the researchers have story revolves around a girl who used to live in an area of done comparative study. The population for this study con- Sindh, Goth village. Khoso Village is a suburb of Shah Faisal sists of two dramas of state-oriented channel PTV, Marvi 1993 Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Khoso Goth located adja- and Farz 2017 with almost silver jubilee gap. Qualitative anal- cent to Jinnah International Airport. yses typically require a smaller sample size than quantitative Marvi was a popular drama broadcast on Pakistan analyses. The sample size of this research is consist of leading Television Corporation (PTV) in 1993. It was a modern version roles of women seen in the dramas, and their roles which fur- of the Sindhi folktale, Umar Marvi. It starred Ghazal Siddique ther help out in discovering useful information. as Marvi and Hassam Qazi as Umar. Marvi Retrieved 30 Au- There are two main women and other supporting roles of gust 2013, it was adapted by Noor-ul-Huda Shah and directed women as well. The researchIJSER technique herein used is the con- by Sultana Siddiqui. It saw Mahnoor Baloch debut in a sup- tent analysis which is descriptive in nature. The sampling tool porting role. Marvi goes to the city for studies with the aim to of the study means how the data is measured and how the come back to her village and make the living conditions better data will be collected. This study is comprised of observation for people there. Everything doesn’t go nice and easy accord- as its basic tool and includes non-participative observation. ing to her wishes and she faces lots of hardships. Hassam Qa- For analysis, descriptions and interpretations have been used. zi, plays a role of Marvi’s possessive lover, Umar. Here we want to add that Sindh has long been syn- 3. Objectives of this study are: onymous with feudal culture. The feudal system is recog- • To analyse Pakistani society and culture revolve nized as inferior and oppressive. The argument for it has al- around a female life by comparing two eras through differ- ways been that landlords provide livelihoods, housing and ences, and the similarities. food to the men and women they employ. Conversely, there • To analysis women portrayal, her roles & behaviour, are many against the system who laments the treatment of and cultural values in two different time periods. peasants under the feudal system. In Marvi we seem, however, a sort of rebellious behaviour against feudal lords by some 4. Significance of the research: working-class people. Marvi was one of them. Marvi was a This study identifies that it’s hard for women to achieve simple and hardworking girl who used to live in Sindh. Mar- something successful than a man because of strong socio- vi’s father was a school teacher and her mother was a domes- cultural norms. The purpose of this research is to have a better tic woman. understanding of cultural patterns and women struggles. Be- Marvi was engaged with her cousin, Khet, who was a fore and after 24 years what are the factors and facts that still clerk. Khet and Marvi’s father were fed up by insulting behav- exist? Also, the study analyzes different angles that how a iour of feudal lords and were totally against the feudal system family and community politics happen around a woman when of his village. That’s why Marvi’s father sent his daughter to a

IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2020 1647 ISSN 2229-5518 nearby city so that she could attain higher education in order family so she came back to her village on the permit of one to maintain their basic livelihood and could compete against week holidays. When she came back to her village, she came feudal lords. to know that people were very angry upon her family on let- However, the village people and feudal lords disliked ting her go to the city. People were criticizing and torturing the rebellious attitude of Marvi and her father. People pulled Marvi’s father and Khet a lot. “To educate a woman outside them back by criticizing. It was against the village’s custom to her home was a taboo for people at this era.” Apart from this educate a woman other than household chores. But Marvi was disturbing situation, feudal lord Akbar had already told Mar- determined and encouraged by his father and fiancé. Marvi’s vi’s father that “Umar Sumroo wants to get marry to your father was determined too so he kept supporting her daugh- daughter” knowing that Marvi was engaged with Khet. ter. However, she keeps on studying but when Marvi went for Marvi and her family rejected the proposal politely. higher education to the city it actually created an alarming But Akbar took that refusal on his head and kidnapped Marvi. situation for her family members at the backend. Upon her refusal, she was imprisoned in the historic Umer Kot She, later on, went to the city where she started to live Fort for several years. When Umar came to know that Marvi in a hostel. There she met Laila who comes very close to her. had been kidnapped for him he was shocked and disappoint- Laila found a soft corner and really a nice friend in Marvi. She ed on Akbar. He requested him to leave her back home. But used to share all her feelings with her. She often invited Marvi Akbar refused to say that people will kill her whether she is to her house where Marvi met Umar, Laila’s brother. Umar guilty or not in the name of honour, “KARI”. So Umar kept falls in love with Marvi at the very first glance and later on her in the fort. Later on, Umar tried his best to make her un- followed her so that he could build a relationship with her. derstand that she would be a queen living in the palace and Soon after Marvi came to know that Laila was an only daugh- that she could have golden ornaments, silken-apparel, tasteful ter of feudal lords. dishes, the fruit of all the kind, maidservants and everything Laila was engaged with Akbar who was the son of else she would imagine; Marvi always replied that she would feudal lords of Marvi’s village to whom Laila dislikes a lot. prefer the hamlet of poor with sand dunes instead of the pal- Laila’s brother Umar was attracted towards Marvi. Everyone ace and the gardens. "It is not the custom of Marvi folk to especially Marvi was against this affection and she often re- exchange kith and kin for gold." sists him in many ways. Marvi was a symbol of love for one's Since Umar was merely a King and he did not want to soil and homeland. She was loyal to her values and committed impose his will on Marvi. In the meanwhile, witnesses af- to her father and fiancé. Her strong will power took no time in firmed that Marvi was, in fact, related to Umar as a sister. refusing Umar Sumroo when he exposed his feelings in front Umar believed this, bestowed all his favour on Marvi, and of her. sent her back to her village of folks of her own. Marvi resists Umar Sumroo had gottenIJSER higher education from the overtures of a powerful King and the temptation to live in abroad and actually respects women position in society. He the palace as a queen, preferring to be in a simple rural envi- was not against the feminist movements and women liberty ronment with her own village folk. She wasn’t involved with till then. But after the refusal of Marvi, he was very sad and Umar but people don’t think the same. The people of the vil- disappointed. When Umar’s father observed the unusual deep lage thought that Marvi had a relation with Umar; people take intentions of his son on Marvi, he asked his son not to take the this scenario as a disrespectful act and wanted to punish her matter on the head but to use his power. He suggested him to on the name of honour that is a customary practice known as take her away by using his feudal power. But Umar at the time “karri” in Sindh. The situation was very alarming and vulner- refused to do any kind of non-ethical act on Marvi. His father able to Marvi. Most of the people, however, knew that Marvi then asked him to restore his feudal position and to hold his wasn’t at guilty including her father. power and heritage, financially. Umar then diverted his focus Marvi escaped from her village and went to the Sa- towards his work, however, he couldn’t forget Marvi. One day fias’s home. She decided to file a case so that she could re- Umar told Akbar about his feelings for Marvi. On which Ak- move disrespectful charges from her. Safia supported her a lot bar laughed and promised him to bring Marvi by using his in this way. Feudalist had a vast influence on people as well as feudal power. they were powerful too. By using their influence and power During Marvi stay in the city, besides study she was they proved themselves clear. The situation was deteriorating working with a magazine, in which she wrote about the bitter but Marvi maintained her breath and keep fighting against realities of class, culture & feudal societies and explained them feudal lords. When the whole situation was against her, and with realities. The editor of “Roshni magazine” Miss Safiya Khet died then suddenly Umar stood up and disclosed the Ahmed was really impressed by the writings of Marvi. She hidden scenario in front of the court and other people. He ex- came close to her and played a vital role in making her strong, posed that it was Akbar and him who kidnapped Marvi and empowered and aware. Soon after Marvi started missing her tried to exploit her while Marvi remained determined and a

IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2020 1648 ISSN 2229-5518 loyal girl. She was determined and never crossed her pure Farz is a story that revolves around Aliya, played by traditional boundaries. the brilliant Sonia Mishaal, and how Aliya has vowed to fight back patriarchy and discrimination to the best of her efforts. 5.2 The main theme of Marvi Drama Herr’s is the typical lower-middle-class household where she  The honour of the family mainly attached to the along with her mother and brother are living an ordinary yet women chastity. tough life.  The faithfulness of women; a woman is determined to Aliya’s father is a martyred police officer and she used the love and sincerity of her soil. to live with her mother and brother in Karachi, the city of  It was the leading role of a woman to break down the Sindh. She tries to maintain/ better her living standards. In the stereotypes related to the education of women; that drama serial, she is a school teacher and takes all the responsi- women should attain only domestic education. bilities of her household. She supports her brother in his edu-  Most of the people were poor and were living their cation and pays all the expenses for their survival. Aliya’s life very simple. younger brother Khuram was studying computer studies and  We observed that luxuries and better living condi- doing a part-time job in a repair hard drives shop with hanif tions were only limited to the elite class. (the friend of Khuram). Both of them feel the absence of their 5.3 FARZ (PLOT) father in every thick and thin situation of their life, both were This drama was made in the 21st century where the very upset, face difficulties and think the burden of all the cir- women’s movement is in its peak and they want equality in all cumstances was due to their father’s death in an unrecognised spheres of life. In this era, the trend “shift of roles” were way in the police department. On the other hand, her mother changed slowly and females and men’s joins all professions on feels proud of her husband’s work for civil service. the basis of equality and merit. At this time, national television Aliya and Khuram were very angry in a scene when developed the courage to be different. PTV has a goal in mind the family had been forced to change rented house several and is all geared up to achieve it with a vengeance. The latest times and here again, the landlord is asking for a more rent or drama serial “Farz” that started airing on PTV from the 6th of to vacant the house. This time they were very angry with their February 2017 is a fresh breath of air when it comes to typical landlord to increase the rent as they were living here from last stories of our television screen. two years and they have attachments with this home. Her Farz is a female-oriented drama in its entirety and mother always found satisfaction to being a wife of a martyred appreciatively this time doesn’t have a 'bechari larki', what the police officer but her children hate the topic when she went to drama does have is a female protagonist (the central character) others and told this story. who has aimed to empower women in all shapers of life espe- Khuram drops Aliya to her school and when he was cially in the police departmentIJSER and define her destiny by her- coming back to the home he saw a board of “upper portion is self. Aliya born in the postmodern era and she works very free for rent”. Khuram talks to the house owner about rent etc. hard with honesty and took all the responsibilities in her but the man said, “I don’t want to give my Place to boys,” he shoulders as a breadwinner from the beginning. She worked said, “no” I have my family with me to live then the owner alongside men with her full determination. (Aliya’s character asked him to come up with his mother and to talk about other seems like a hardworking, honest and a brave girl who carry things. On the next day, Khurram comes up with his mother, all the responsibilities of her household and a breadwinner. but the rent was out of the range with all expenses. Khurram’s She worked alongside with men.) In this drama, there are mother requested to the Illyas (the owner), “I am a widow of a three types of family and one mafia group. martyred police officer and living very hard”, in her emotional The details of the main characteristics are given below: feelings and convinced him to pay reasonable fares for the house, she thanks him and soon they shifted in Illiyas uncle Family one Family two Third Family homes. Playing a role Married women. Qavi Khan as The house owner was focused on one thing in his life of mother as Her husband (he Illiyas uncle that is to get his son’s name registered and listed in the police widow wom- is not physically His son as headquarters. He was always let down because the depart- en of martyred in story he lives in Javed Iqbal ment doesn’t give his son the recognition he deserved. Aliya police officer. abroad). (he is mar- on the same page was furious with the system for never ac- Her son as Her daughter as tyred police knowledging her father’s services to the nation. Aliya was khuram. Mehak. officer). surprised to see the house in average rent they were closed to Her daughter Her daughter the Illiyas uncle (owner of the house) due to his kind behav- as Aliya. husband as Goher. iour, sometimes Aliya and Khuram talk about Illiyas uncle’s behaviour and surprised to see him kind towards them. So

Illiyas Sahab was the blessing to them. With time Aliya started join the police force. She got selected and completed her train- tuition in-home and Illiyas sab allowed one room in his area ing. She started working as a sub-inspector in the police sta- where Khuram meet Mehak and he falls in love with her and tion of her area. In parallel Khurram friend, Hanif stole the he started talking to him. After some time they both fall in data of Waqas Chaudhary (the head of the mafia team). Hanif love with each other. But her mother was not agreeing with murdered due to his act by Saleem. (The killer) this relation due to the social status on her side. Due to this During her practice in the police station, her col- rejection, Khuram planned to run from home and got married leagues and head of the department keep her away from the but Mehak’s mother filed a case of kidnapping in police and fieldwork, thinking that women can’t handle tough situation they caught up in a bus and Khuram sent in jail. Illiyas son’s and field is the join of men. She was demotivated by stereotyp- friend was posted in this area so he helped him to release from ical taboos build by society but her hard work, intelligence the jail and Mehak to married with Goher for her mother. and determination convinced them. She gains progress in her Khuram bailed and left home saying I’ll come back field and resolved the case of Illiyas murder. Not only this, but when I will achieve something in life. He stole Illiyas Sahab she also took action against her brother for justice. She did her house registry for the criminal group and he got 5 lakhs for it. FARZ in her first priority as she joins civil service. His brother Meanwhile, Aliya, who holds a grudge against the police de- was in jail due to his illegal work and guilt. In the serial, we partment, changed her mind and wrote a book on martyred. observed in different episodes Khuram and hanif many times Aliya was attached with Illiyas sahib as she wrote a book with discuss this guilt. Aliya is a girl who will encourage an aver- the help of Illiyas on collecting the material on martyrs which age Pakistani woman to live her life with honour and dignity. also gain popularity, nationally. During this time Illiyas sab 5.4 The main theme of Farz drama: encourage her to apply in police as sub-constable, firstly she  Slightly a shift of Gender Roles. refuses same as she is thinking but she thinks about this and  Social injustice; a cause which indulges in criminal ac- then she applied without telling anyone to expect Illiyas uncle tivities. she passes exams and gets a notification of joining the acade-  Women struggle in professional life especially when my but her mother didn’t happy and Khuram was upset be- she’s in the men’s profession. cause he involves in criminal activities. Illyas sahib was threatened to sell his house on the 6. COMPARISON OF THE DRAMAS price of the perpetrators. Aliya’s brother fixes computers for a 6.1 SIMILARITIES OF DRAMA SERIAL MARVI & FARZ living and falls into the hands of land mafia, with a job to fix ● Male supporter computers. Noman Ijaz as Waqas Chaudhary heads the mafia PTV portrayed the male character as a strong supporter, and wants to take over Illiyas sab (Qavi Khan) house as soon in Marvi. Because of the Marvi’s father decision and his strong as possible. He instructs hisIJSER second-in-command Salem Mairaj will to make her daughter a well-educated person changed her to get the house as soon as possible. Qavi Khan again receives life. In Farz, the Illyas uncle was the main character who sup- a phone call with a threat to sell his house and he hangs up ported and appreciated Aliya a lot. He makes a difference in angry. He talks to his lawyer about the whole situation and her perspective of thinking and motivated her to pursue her Aliya observed Salem in-home, behaving like a stranger and professional career as a police officer. threatening Illiyas uncle. ● Women’s Position: At last, Illiyas sab get a notification of his son’s recogni- In drama serial Marvi, women are household stuff and if tion ceremony as martyred but at the same day, he was mur- the woman doesn’t accept her position in the house then the dered in a car accident while he was going to attend the cere- people will stigmatize & label her with the wrong tags. In mony, Aliya and her mother went to the hospital to take his Farz, when a woman is in men’s profession, she is being told dead body, on the second side land mafia occupy his house. that she has no place in the men’s field. He occupies his home they throw all the stuff of the house and ● Self-determination: no one help them. Aliya and her mother were alone in the In both dramas, we observed that women have a com- street with his dead body. Salem calls Khuram to take his mon strength of self-determination. Whether we talk about mother and sister with him because they are alone and that Marvi or Aliya both were strongly stuck to their aims & tend- time he came and pick them in a car and take them to his ed to live a decent and comfortable life. house as he said when he was leaving the house. Her mother ● Corruption: and Aliya were surprised to see that and she asks from him We observed in both dramas one can achieve everything many times how he can get but he always hides his criminal by power and money. Besides, we observed that by feudalism activities as he knows he is a son of martyred police office so and power & prestige even one can possess which is illegal or no one accepts him like that. not in one’s limits. After Illiyas uncles murder, Aliya firmly decided to ● Love:

Love is a strong and universal element just like the tale ● Honour was attached to women: of Marvi &Umer, and Mehak & Khurram. In Marvi’s drama women were considered as the symbol ● Development of thinking: of family’s honor and the same was in Farz serial. Society plays an important role in the development of ● Use of languages: women’s thinking conservatively that’s why women seem less Pure classical & civilized language with slant was used competitive. in Marvi drama, Urdu is the medium of language in the dra- ● Patriarchy: ma and mostly used in its pure form e.g. "keh bhi chuko” used In both dramas, we observed patriarchy, male dominan- instead of “keh bhi do” (the sentence is an example of the use cy and men’s vulgar activities were less punishable, not de- of pure Urdu language) while Farz is relateable to contempo- graded and they feel less ashamed. rary mixture of languages i.e. Urdu, English and other local ● Poverty: languages. In both dramas, people seem poor especially the star- ● Poor class family: ring characters, Marvi and Aliya. Both the women were striv- Marvi belongs to a poor class family, she was hardly ing their best to get rid of poverty or at least level their stand- surviving for livelihood so Marvi faced troubles to get educa- ard. tion and make her lifestyle comfortable while Aliya in Farz ● Harassment: has better living stance than her. In both dramas, harassment was common violence ● The negative character of police: which was faced by Marvi and Aliya; even Mehak faced tor- Because of feudal lords the police system in Marvi, seem ture and domestic violence from her husband. mostly corrupt and under the control of feudals. While in Farz, Police duties seem appreciated by honesty and hard- 6.2 DIFFERENCES work. Marvi (1993) FARZ (2017): ● Strong cultural prevalence: ● Culture is appreciated: In Marvi drama, there was a strong cultural impact on Culture is not strongly prevailed in this drama but some families. It was the result of a culture that Marvi was strongly aspects of culture are appreciated which shows that after the abandoned to her home when she took a rebellious step 24 years of a gap there is still traditional culture exist and pre- against society. While in Farz, a cultural value doesn’t seem vail, strongly. dominant. ● Reserved / Hard work background: ● Domestic Education The background of Aliya’s family was simple, hard- Education was limited to domestic chores. Marvi was working and devoted as Aliya’s father was a martyred of the forced to attain the same levelIJSER of education as well, but she police department. actually breaks the stereotype and attains higher education of ● Women recognition: the professional field. Aliya not only got an education but also Women recognition with new roles has been introduced worked in a men oriented profession. in the drama, which shows a shift of gender roles in the new ● Feudalism: era. Researchers observe feudalism, a dominant exploiting ● Education for a professional carrier is much focused: culture, in the area of Sindh. The elite have power & control In the twenty-first eras, women seem to have acceptance on the institutions the same as in 2017. for getting the education and there are no such strict barriers ● Basic life standard: for education. However, women in contemporary era face dif- In 1993, by Marvi drama serial, people were striving for ferent sorts of professional barriers. basic livelihood. Most of the people were poor and exploited ● Social Injustice: by feudalist structure and it was really hard for the lower class In this era, the rate of social crimes has been increased to attain any luxurious stance in most of the life period. This with new dimensions; in drama serial Farz, Khurram was in- factor was also the same is the case in 2017. volved in Cybercrimes as He stole money through ATM soft- ● Man’s support was necessary or even compulsory: ware cards. This is an example of contemporary nature of the In the era of 1993, man’s support was compulsory for crime. any decision. At that time, women were strongly restricted in ● People are fighting for social justice and for luxuri- making family decisions. While in Farz, men’s support was ous living standards now: appreciated. It was the result of her struggle that Aliya became a police ● Women Recognition was not appreciated: officer and open the case of Iliyas uncle and solved it. On the Women were not appreciated in any field of technical same page, she and her brother were struggling to attain well progress, except in family chores.

IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2020 1651 ISSN 2229-5518 equipped space for themselves from the beginning of the seri- text of FARZ drama serial, is the adoption of a profession. al. Women are supposed to get an education and get employment ● Men’s support is appreciated: now but women are restricted and demotivated to enter the In drama FARZ, men support seems not necessary profession of males. Pakistani channels have changed its but was appreciatable. By the idea of uncle Ilyas, Aliya was presentation which is the need of time. The audience reflects able to take the step to become a Police Constable. them into the drama’s character because they feel a connection ● Working women are still not supported in society: through shared values. As the research paper explains that the When Aliya took the decision to become a police officer, dramas are transforming and translating the culture with the her mother and brother were not happy with her. But she passage of time. trusts herself and moves ahead. After her successful struggle, This study analyzes two state-oriented dramas by its her family, as well as society, seems to appreciate her role as a content at two different time periods. This research explains police officer. each step in women roles in a dramatic content. It explores the ● Positive Image of police department: different dimensions of women role and her struggle for In FARZ drama, the development of the police depart- achieving decent living standards. In addition, the paper in- ment and their working progress was shown. Police are re- cludes a discussion on the content of drama serial regarding sponsible for the protection of the citizens as well as to pro- women roles, the similarities, differences and struggle of the vide them with life security. women in different eras. Furthermore, the study concludes ● Independent working women: that a tag of success is not attached to the man only; it is at- In the modern society, whatever the barriers come in the tached to the struggle of a person. way of life, if a woman is determined and give her 100% she can achieve whatever she wants for her family and for her 8. CONCLUSION country. There are some similarities in both dramas as cultural defi- ● Middle class family: nitions for a gender role. There is also some cultural proximity Aliya and her family belong to a middle class family. between the values of these dramas. Both dramas have an at- They were trying to make their living standards up and that’s tractive visual presentation, diverse storyline and unique hab- why Khurram took the step to earn money illegally and was its of old and new people. The dramas have also shown stories involved in illegal activities. of people that live in a modern big city but still hold tradition- ● Breakdown Gender Norms: al values. The major part of the drama serial shows starring Farz drama is one of the most impressive dramas of state women as a kind and soft heart entity. These women came oriented channel PTV which shows the shift of gender roles in from poor and middle-class families. Despite that, they kept contemporary era also it tendIJSERs to portray the essence of gen- working hard and hold a strong principle. This female por- der equality. trayal reflects the traditional Confucianism values, which ● Use of language: shows women as a soft and hardworking person, but has less As compared to Marvi drama, the language which is power compared to a man. used in the Farz drama was very harsh and rough. There is Nowadays, female portrayals are changing along with the not the purity of a language however it is the mixture of dif- changing role in modern society. Recently, many of the female ferent languages. The dialogues were not followed like Marvi characters are a career woman who is bold and honest. This drama. Mostly harsh wording was used in Farz dialogues. reflects woman current condition where they work on a professional job and no longer only take care of household mat- 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ters. The independent and strong female character represents Television has changed its stance with the passage of time, the idea of an ideal woman. Other than that, physical appear- by its portrayal. In the era of 1993, the researcher observes that ance is another important factor in determining the represen- women were fighting for basic freedoms i.e. freedom of tation of an ideal woman. speech, permission to attain education and support for being At last, the findings of the study show that while watching independent. However, in 2017, we observed that by aware- drama serial, the audience is highly involved in it. They have a ness and feminists’ movement’s women have maintained some certain purpose when watching drama serials and choose position in the society as they are less likely to restrict in the dramas based on their preferences. They also carry their own homes only. They are enrolled, almost in every domain of the values and beliefs when watching dramas. They like dramas educational field. Besides women is also taking part in politics, and characters that reflect their own values and beliefs. The which means they are being involved to be a part of the deci- similar thing happens when they choose their favourite ac- sion making process in the nearby future as well. tresses. They prefer someone who represents their idea of an The place we observe women are restricted now, in the con- ideal woman in modern society. In short, drama serials with

IJSER © 2020 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 11, Issue 7, July-2020 1652 ISSN 2229-5518 modern qualities along with Asian traditional elements, it's about people who live in modern big cities, but they still hold traditional values.

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