Zircon U-Pb Ages and Petrologic Evolution of the English Peak Granitic Pluton: Jurassic Crustal Growth in Northwestern California GEOSPHERE; V
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Research Paper THEMED ISSUE: Active Margins in Transition—Magmatism and Tectonics through Time: An Issue in Honor of Arthur W. Snoke GEOSPHERE Zircon U-Pb ages and petrologic evolution of the English Peak granitic pluton: Jurassic crustal growth in northwestern California GEOSPHERE; v. 12, no. 5 W.G. Ernst1, Eric S. Gottlieb1, Calvin G. Barnes2, and Jeremy K. Hourigan3 1Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Building 320, Stanford, California 94305-2115, USA doi:10.1130/GES01340.1 2Geosciences, Texas Tech University, MS 1053, Science Building 125, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1053, USA 3Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California–Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA 6 figures; 1 table; 1 supplemental file CORRESPONDENCE: wernst@ stanford .edu ABSTRACT incorporated into the evolving Jurassic continental crust. It took place prior to the earliest Cretaceous onset of westward transport of the stack of Klamath CITATION: Ernst, W.G., Gottlieb, E.S., Barnes, In the central Klamath Mountains, the English Peak plutonic complex (EPC) allochthons relative to the active Jura-Cretaceous Sierran calc-alkaline arc. C.G., and Hourigan, J.K., 2016, Zircon U-Pb ages and petrologic evolution of the English Peak granitic invaded the faulted contact between the outboard Eastern Hayfork and inboard pluton: Jurassic crustal growth in northwestern North Fork terranes of the Western Paleozoic and Triassic Belt (WTrPz). This California: Geosphere, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1422–1436, calc-alkaline igneous complex is composed of two small, ~1–2-km-diame- INTRODUCTION TO THE REGIONAL GEOLOGY doi: 10 .1130 /GES01340.1. ter, relatively mafic satellitic plutons peripheral to the younger, much larger, ~10–15-km-diameter English Peak zoned granitic pluton. The EPC magmas The iconic Klamath Mountains Province provides a classic example of the Received 30 March 2016 Revision received 8 July 2016 were mantle derived and reflect temporary residence and mixing at various Phanerozoic growth of transitional continental crust. Its imbricated lithotec- Accepted 23 August 2016 depths in the overlying crust, with initial storage and modification near the tonic belts testify to successive (1) arrival of far-traveled oceanic crust and Published online 9 September 2016 Moho, and uppermost crustal emplacement at 5–10 km depths. Phase assem- overlying deep-sea sediments, (2) underflow and off-loading along the conver- blages suggest pre-emplacement magma storage at a depth of ~20–25 km gent plate junction, (3) suprasubduction-zone arc generation, and (4) erosional for the early satellitic plutons, versus ~15–20 km for samples from the larger supply of arc debris to the accreting ophiolitic basement terranes. This late zoned granitic pluton. We obtained zircon U-Pb geochronologic results (re- Paleozoic–Mesozoic development of northern California was typified by chiefly ported as internal and external weighted-mean 207Pb-corrected 206Pb/238U ages, margin-parallel slip, episodic suturing of ophiolitic complexes and their spa- 95% confidence level) from seven samples in the complex via laser ablation– tially associated chert-argillite terranes, concurrent construction of volcanic- inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The 172.3 ± 2.0 plutonic arcs, plus the aprons of derived clastic sediments (Saleeby, 1981, [3.7] Ma Uncles Creek and 166.9 ± 1.6 [3.4] Ma Heiney Bar satellitic plutons 1982, 1983; Ernst et al., 2008). range from gabbro–quartz diorite to granodiorite in bulk-rock composition. The The terrane assembly of the Klamath Mountains has been correlated with main English Peak pluton consists of an early stage of gabbro-tonalite (three the northern Sierran Foothills based on similar rock types, structures, terrane samples: 160.4 ± 1.1 [3.1] Ma, 158.1 ± 1.1 [3.1] Ma, and 158.0 ± 1.2 [3.1] Ma) ages, the oceanward assembly of successively younger geologic units, and and a late stage (two samples: 156.3 ± 1.3 [3.1] Ma and 155.3 ± 1.2 [3.0] Ma) their times of orogeny (Davis, 1969; Davis et al., 1980; Wright and Fahan, 1988; passing inward from tonalite through granodiorite to a central zone of granite. Wright and Wyld, 1994; Irwin, 2003). However, the accreted Sierran Foothill The 172 Ma age of the Uncles Creek pluton makes it coeval with Middle Ju- terranes stand nearly vertically, whereas the Klamath thrust sheets root gently rassic Western Hayfork arc magmatism. In contrast, Heiney Bar and the main to the east. Scattered, chiefly calc-alkaline igneous activity characterized the English Peak igneous ages overlap some of the oldest and youngest compo- Late Triassic margin, but most lithologic sections of late Paleozoic–early Meso- nents, respectively, of the Middle to Late Jurassic Wooley Creek plutonic suite. zoic age are oceanic in their genesis. However, a major Andean arc began to Study of this multiple-intrusion complex provides an illuminating example of form in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains by ca. 175 Ma during trans- the gradual intermediate-to-felsic modification of the upper crust in the central pressive eastward underflow of oceanic lithosphere (Dunne et al., 1998; Irwin, Klamath Mountains. Inherited zircon ages of ca. 172 Ma in two other EPC sam- 2003; Dickinson, 2008). This magmatic arc shed clastic detritus into the realm ples indicate potential Middle Jurassic crustal sources or contaminants. Geo- of the accreting ophiolitic basement terranes of both the Klamath Mountains chronologic correlation of the EPC with geologic histories of other Klamath ter- and Sierran Foothills (Miller and Saleeby, 1995; Scherer et al., 2006). ranes provides fresh insights for understanding spatial and temporal elements Figure 1 presents the regional geology of the Klamath Mountains Province, of Middle to Late Jurassic arc magmatism in the Klamath Mountains sector of as well as published geochronology of various mafic-to-felsic plutons. The For permission to copy, contact Copyright the Cordilleran margin. This igneous activity illuminates some petrotectonic orogen is a terrane collage consisting of four major lithotectonic zones. From Permissions, GSA, or [email protected]. processes whereby accreted ophiolitic basement terranes were modified and east to west, these are the Eastern Klamath Belt, the Central Metamorphic Belt, © 2016 Geological Society of America GEOSPHERE | Volume 12 | Number 5 Ernst et al. | U-Pb ages of the English Peak pluton Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/12/5/1422/3335013/1422.pdf 1422 by guest on 30 September 2021 123°W ION 1423 124 °W 43°N EXPLANAT 43°N Cretaceous overlapassemblagesincludes GreatV alleys equenceand HornbrookFormation WesternK lamath terraneincludes SmithR iver, RogueValley, DryB utte, and Briggs Creek subterranes MayC reek terrane tain terrane White Rock CondreyMoun terrane 156 Rattlesnake Creek Western Hayfork terrane Chetco complex er Eastern Hayfork terrane 155–160 Wim NorthF orkt errane s 160 as FortJ ones terrane P Gold Hill ts n 148 ra 39 1 Central Meta morphicterrane G Jacksonville 154 MEDFORD Reddingsubterrane Research Paper ck nK lamath terrane a Trinitys ubterrane Easter b Gray Squaw Mtn Yrekas ubterrane 174 late 157 Ashland Buckskin Pk main granodioritic suite 160 H 148 main late stage 161 152–156 ttgsuite 42°N Siskiyou suite 42°N 163 Thompson Ridge Vesa Bluffs Wooley Creeks uite Bear Pk Slinkard Chetco complex Lower Coon Mtn 167 162 167 Ironside Mtn. batholith 142 & 145 148 Bear 4 YREKA western Hayfork-related plutons Mtn 4 Blue Ridge 1 148* Fig. 2 RattlesnakeC reek-related plutons Pony Pk 144 Summit Shelly Lake Yellow Butte Valley k 159 136 150 Skookum Gulch Cree 567 y Ukonom Mtn oole n W Heather Lk China Mt 165 Somes Bar 2 H 167 193–208 CP mafic 16 Pk 415 Z complex Porcupine Lk Heiney n Pk Orleans Mtn English156 sia Bar s 159 171 160–164 u R 403 Pk 404 FS y 174 Deadman Pk 167 Indian Rocks ragg C 138 161 Castle Crags Youngs Pk 142 431 Bonanza King 136 China Ck 13 149 9 Hogback Mtn Denny complex Billy’s Pk p~167 41°N 168 Canyon Cr Sugar Pine Kettle Mtn 140 Caribou Mtn p~120–130 Horseshoe Lake b133 East Fork 149h, 164b Gibson Pk W China Pk Granite Pk Monument Pk Ammon Ridge Price Ck on Point 170 Pige Pit River 147–151 h 169 & 171 260 Iro nsi de Mtn Mule Mtn Sha Saddle Gulch sta h 189 B 400 REDDING 170 al ly 136 Bear ood 169 w Wallow ld 193 Wi Basin Gulch Glen Creek 170 147–151 E Beegum W 207 t S 5 Number Walker Poin | 198 169 2 °W White Rock Star Mtn Scale 12 124°W 193 0 10 20 30 MILES °W 123 0 10 20 30 KILOMETERS 12 Volume | Figure 1. Lithotectonic divisions of the Klamath Mountains, after Irwin and Wooden (1999) and with additions from Snoke and Barnes (2006). The Fort Jones terrane is also termed the Stuart Fork terrane. Plutons are color coded according to age group. In the key, “ttg suite” refers to earliest Cretaceous tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite plutons. Numbers associated with each pluton indicate ages (Ma) determined40Ar/39 Arby onU-Pb hornblende zircon analyses and plagioclase, except for those indicated by t (U-Pb on titanite), h and b (K-Ar on hornblende and biotite, respectively), and H and p ( respectively). GEOSPHERE Ernst et al. | U-Pb ages of the English Peak pluton Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article-pdf/12/5/1422/3335013/1422.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 Research Paper the Western Paleozoic and Triassic Belt, and the Western Jurassic Belt (Irwin, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1960). Individual allochthons that constitute each belt are dominantly upright. Most are bounded by gently east-dipping, mid-Paleozoic to Late Jurassic thrust Multiple, discrete phases of arc magmatism built the English Peak plutonic faults (Irwin, 1994).