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Historic Architectural Survey of Martinsville, Virginia Hill Studio, P

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Historic Architectural Survey of Martinsville, Virginia Hill Studio, P HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA Hill Studio, P. C. 120 West Campbell Avenue Roanoke, Virginia 24011 540-342-5263 HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY OF MARTINSVILLE, VIRGINIA Prepared by: Alison S. Blanton Helen R. Hill Mary A. Zirkle Stacy L. Marshall HILL STUDIO, P. C. 120 West Campbell Roanoke, Virginia 540-342-5263 Prepared for: VirginiaDepartment Cityof martinsville of HistoricResources 55 WestChurchStreet 2801 KensingtonAvenue Martinsville,Virginia 24114 Richmond,Virginia23221 540-656-5276 804-367-2323 June 1998 Historic Architectural Survey of Martinsville, Virginia Hill Studio, P. C. Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................. 2 Abstract ......................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ 5 Chapter 1: Project Background ............................................................................. 6 Introduction .................................................................................. 6 Project Description .......................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Methodology ..................................................................................... 9 Chapter 3: Historic Overview of Martinsville ............................................................ 14 Chapter 4: Thematic Analysis of Resources Surveyed .................................................. 24 Commerce/Trade ........................................................................... 24 Domestic .................................................................................... 32 Funerary ..................................................................................... 38 Government/Law/Politics ................................................................. 40 Health Care/Medicine ...................................................................... 43 Industry/Processing/Extraction ........................................................... 45 Recreation/Arts ............................................................................. 48 Religion ..................................................................................... 50 Social ........................................................................................ 53 Transportation/Communication ........................................................... 55 Chapter 5: Survey Findings ................................................................................ 58 Chapter 6: Evaluation ....................................................................................... 70 Chapter 7: Recommendations .............................................................................. 75 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 82 Appendices ........................................................................................... Following A: List of Surveyed Properties by Identification Number B: List of Surveyed Properties Alphabetically by Name (Historic Context) C: List of Surveyed Properties by Address D: List of Surveyed Properties by Chronological Order E: Preliminary Information Form for Martinsville Historic District F: Preliminary Information Form for East Church Street / Starling Avenue Historic District G: Preliminary Information Form for West Fayette Street Historic District H: National Register Nomination for Martinsville Historic District Historic Architectural Survey of Martinsviile, Virginia Hill Studio, P. C. Page 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Study Areas .............................................................................. 7 Figure 2:1891 Map of Martinsville ....................................................................... 15 Figure 3: People's Bank (120-5001-0064) ............................................................... 16 Figure 4: Martinsville Cotton Mill (120-5006) ........................................................... 17 Figure 5: First Block of East Main Street, across from courthouse with People's Bank, Patterson's Drug, First National Bank, and Kearfott's Drug (120-5001-0064, -0065, -0067, and -0068) ................................................................. 18 Figure 6: Grace United Presbyterian Church (120-5003-0006) ....................................... 18 Figure 7: Carter-Whitener House (120-0035) ........................................................... 19 Figure 8: Masonic Temple (120-5001-0030) ............................................................ 19 Figure 9: Sale Knitting Plant (120-5001-0034) .......................................................... 20 Figure 10: Streetscape of Fayette and Jones Streets ..................................................... 21 Figure 11: Streetscape of first block of East Church Street ............................................ 21 Figure 12: Cornerstone Apartments (120-5002-0029) .................................................. 22 Figure 13: People's Bank (120-5001-0064) ............................................................. 28 Figure 14: Ford Building, 11 East Church Street (120-5001-0027) .................................. 29 Figure 15: Chief Tassel Building, 103 East Church Street (120-5001-0020) ........................ 30 Figure 16: First National Bank, 4 East Main Street (120-5001-0066) ................................ 30 Figure 17: Woolworth Building & Montgomery Ward (120-5001-0007 and 0008) ................ 31 Figure 18: Astor Cafe (120-5001-0022) .................................................................. 31 Figure 19: Byrd Building, 35 Jones Street, Mantel (120-5001-0088) ................................ 34 Figure 20: Carter-Whitener House, 324 East Church Street (120-5002-0031) ...................... 35 Figure 21: C.T. Womack House, 18 Starling Avenue (120-5002-0028) ............................ 35 Figure 22: Kennon Whittle House, 204 Starling Avenue (120-5002-0024) ......................... 36 Figure 23: Rucker Pannill Jr. House, 335 East Church Street (120-5002-0005) ................... 36 Figure 24: Harry Byrd House, 110 Starling Avenue, Door detail (120-5002-0026) ............... 37 Figure 25: G.T. Lester House, 308 Starling Avenue (120-5002-0021) .............................. 37 Figure 26: McKee Funeral Home, 29 Broad Street (120-5001-0118) ................................ 39 Figure 27: Watkins-Hairston Funeral Home, 301 Fayette Street (120-5003-0010) ................. 39 Figure 28: Henry County Courthouse ( 120-0001 / 120-5001-0097) ................................... 41 Figure 29: United States Post Office, 1 West Church Street (120-5001-0003) ...................... 42 Figure 30: Martinsville General Hospital, Starling Avenue (120-5002-0010) ....................... 44 Figure 31: Jobbers Pants Company Plant #3, Market Street (120-5003-0001) ...................... 46 Figure 32: Rives Theater, 215 East Church Street (120-5001-0015) ................................. 49 Figure 33: Broad Street Christian Church (120-5005) .................................................. 51 Figure 34: Ohev Zion Synagogue, 21 Moss Street (120-5007) ....................................... 52 Figure 35: Masonic Temple, 1 East Church Street, Ceiling detail (120-5001-0030) ................ 54 Figure 36: Gulf Station, 101 West Church Street (120-5001-0002) .................................. 56 Figure 37: Gardner Brothers Auto, 3-5 Moss Street (120-5001-0033) ............................... 57 Table 1: Table of Significance ............................................................................. 61 Historic Architectural Survey of Martinsville, Virginia Hill Studio, P. C. Page 4 ABSTRACT In July 1996, the City of Martinsville was awarded a matching grant by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) to conduct an Historic Architectural Survey of 165 structures in the areas of Uptown Martinsville, West Fayette Street, and East Church Street-Starling Avenue. These three areas were also to be investigated through the preparation of a Preliminary Information Form (PIF) to determine their potential eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. In October 1996, Hill Studio, P.C. was contracted by DHR to conduct this survey. As additional funding became available, the scope of services for the project was expanded in February 1997 to include the preparation of a National Register nomination form for a historic district in the Uptown Martinsville area. The survey and nomination project was carried out under the general direction of Alison Blanton, architectural historian and Project Manager. Helen Hill, Mary Zirkle, and Stacy Marshall assisted in the documentation of the structures and the preparation of the historic district nomination. The contractual agreement specified that 150 structures were to be surveyed at the reconnaissance level, with an additional fifteen buildings surveyed at the intensive level. The fifteen intensive-level properties and the PIFs for the three survey areas were presented to the DHR National Register Evaluation Team to determine their eligibility for listing on the National Register. The total approximated acreage of the three survey areas is 114.78. The final products of this project include: a survey report; site files; base maps; Preliminary Information Forms for the potential historic districts;
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