Historic Development Sequences
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3 Historic Development Sequences Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 59 3. Historic Development Sequences Chronology of Buildings and Features 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Bewys cross Dates to 1300-1499 Early 19th century Penpole Dial c1634 Banqueting house & laundry 1600s Penpole Gate 1600s replaced c1725 Kings Weston House (Vanbrugh) 1710 Brewhouse c1715 Loggia 1720 The Echo 1722 Penpole Lodge c1725 demolished 1952 Vanbrugh Kitchen Range c1720 replaced c1847 Stables 1763 Kitchen gardens, lodges and pond c1768 Icehouse c1771 Shirehampton Lodge c1768 Home Lodge c1768 Wood Lodge c1768 Park Lodge c1768 Iron Bridge c1801 Hopper Kitchen Range c1847 demolished c1937 Henbury Lodge c1820 Balustrade Terrace c1840 War memorial 1921 Wartime remains 1939 School in the Grounds 1937 House in the Garden 1937 Formal restoration landscape Baroque landscape English landscape phase Picturesque phase Landscape reformalisation Philanthropy & Recreation Institutional landscape decline Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 60 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 3. Historic Development Sequences 1 2 3 1 1709 Kip Engraving 2 1720 Hallet Survey 4 5 6 3 1772 Taylor Survey 4 1900s (Epoch 2) Ordnance Survey 5 1949 Ordnance Survey 6 Aerial Photograph 2010 (©ASABlom2010) Historic Development: The Echo Walk c1709 1720 1772 1900 1946 2010 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 61 1 A comparison of the formal garden layout from the 1720 Halett 3. Historic Map Sequences survey and the Kings Weston Book of Drawings 2 1 Garden section, Kings Weston Book of Drawings, Bristol Record Office 2 1720 Hallet Survey Historic Development: The Echo Walk Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 62 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 3. Historic Map Sequences 1 2 4 1 1709 Kip Engraving 2 1720 Hallet Survey 3 5 3 1772 Taylor Survey 6 4 Opposite Page: 1880s Epoch 1 Ordnance Survey 5 Opposite Page: 2010 Ordnance Survey 6 Opposite Page: 2010 Aerial photograph ASABlom Historic Development Sequence: Penpole Wood c1709 1720 1772 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 63 1880 2010 2010 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 64 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 3. Historic Map Sequences 1 2 3 1 Penpole Point, 1712 Kip Engraving 2 Samuel Hiernoymous Grimms 1788 drawing 4 5 3 Penpole Point 19C undated postcard 4 Open air church service at Penpole Point 1913 5 Aerial photograph ASABlom Penpole Point Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 65 1 2 3 4 5 1 Design for Penpole Lodge, Colen Campbell c1723 3. Historic Map Sequences (BRO 33746-037) 6 7 8 2 Vanbrugh’s alternative design for Penpole Lodge, V&A 3 Vanbrugh’s design for Penpole Lodge, V&A 4 c1760-68 extract of Sir John Soane’s Museum drawing (Drawer 69.1. 15) by courtesy of the Trustees of Sir John Soane’s Museum. Photo Ardon Bar-Hama 5 Penpole Lodge c1831, British School (Mb6265) Penpole Lodge Bristol Museum and Gallery 6 Penpole Lodge, Measured Drawing, J.W Tanner 1943 7 Penpole Lodge c1950 (NMR) 8 Site of Penpole Lodge, 2012 (KWAG) Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 66 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 1 2 3 1 The Pillar at Weston Point, Samuel Grimm 1788 (British Library 3: Historic Map Sequences Ms15541) 2 Penpole Dial 2012 4 5 3 Late 18th century, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery 4 Penpole Point and Dial, 2012 5 Lichens on Penpole Dial 2012 Penpole Dial Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 67 Blank page Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 68 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 4 Kings Weston Today Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 69 4. Kings Weston Today Understanding the Site Today The Kings Weston landscape has evolved over a long In general the components of the estate include: Kings Weston’s Historic Character Areas period of time as an expression of the status and 126 hectare grade II English Heritage registered Based on Kings Weston's history and existing site wealth of the estate owners, and the local geology, landscape of special historic interest features, twelve distinct historic character areas have topography, vegetation, farming, industry and 4 Grade I listed buildings been identified. This section provides a summary settlement patterns. The 1994 Historic Landscape 3 Grade II* listed buildings description and condition statement for the following Survey (NPA) provided the last comprehensive 13 Grade II listed buildings twelve historic character areas: assessment of the historic designed landscape, and a valuable public open space for formal and 1 House and Grounds the estate has since been subject to further changes, informal recreation for the local community and 2 Home Park in both the physical condition, management approach those in the wider city/ region 3 Echo Walk and legal ownership. sites of nature conservation interest 4 The Walk public rights of way This assessment seeks to review the estate's current 5 Penpole Wood ancient woodland physical condition, particularly within the context of 6 Penpole Point forms part of Kingsweston and Trym Valley changes and surveys carried out since the original 7 The Little Park Conservation Area 1994 report. Given the size and diversity of the historic 8 The Great Park estate this section can only provide a broad overview 9 Stable Block and Gardens of landscape character based on existing site surveys. 10 The House in the Garden (Kingsweston School) Additional details of historic features and fabric are 11 Napier Miles Park included within the Gazetteer (Appendix B). 12 Kings Weston Down Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 70 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 11 12 8 9 10 1 3 6 2 5 4 7 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 71 4. Kings Weston Today House and Grounds The House and Grounds character area forms the A single step and an upturned, gadrooned stone immediate setting and surroundings of the Vanbrugh finial mark the end of the formal garden space. A designed Kings Weston house. It also includes the 2012 geophysical survey of this area (1) was not able Brewhouse, Loggia and Home Lodge. to establish clear evidence for the formal layout of the garden space for which further archaeological The principal elevation on the south west side investigation will be essential. overlooks the triangular Home Park lawn between large scale yew trees flanking Mylne’s main steps. A This walk is separated from the main Home Park lawn compacted gravel drive leads from the main car park by a belt of evergreen shrubs with a single notable on the north east side of the house, along the terrace Deodar Cedar in the south east corner. overlooking Lawrence Weston and Avonmouth, to the In the 1990s the Loggia was repaired and converted south west front. to a residential property in private ownership. Its Overlooking the housing at Mancroft Close, the 19th grounds are screened from the main car park by century terrace provides both general circulation and ornamental shrub planting. The original designed view outdoor space for the popular cafe business which of the Loggia front elevation along the terrace from operates from the basement of the house. A visually the main house is currently screened by the secondary intrusive and inappropriate fabric canopy structure woodland growth of sycamore below the main terrace. has been installed above the door to the cafe. The The Brewhouse has similarly been repaired and stone balustrade to the edge of the terrace is missing, converted to residential use. Boundary railings and although iron handrails to the steps remain. evergreen hedge planting serve to screen the property from the carpark and drive. The modern gate details, The former courtyard space between the main house, whilst ‘traditional’ in style have a domestic appearance the Loggia and the Brewhouse forms the main car out of character with the setting. A remnant gate pier park for visitors to the house. The surface is laid to within the grounds of the Brewhouse dating to 18th macadam with compacted gravel parking bays and century may relate to Sir Robert Southwell’s formal flush timber sleeper details giving a relatively informal courtyard layout in the 1720 Kip drawing. and untidy appearance at odds with the formal character of the architecture. Across the entrance drive from the Brewhouse, and in a poor state of repair, the Home Lodge marks the main At the north east corner of the car park a walk of vehicular entrance into the estate grounds from Kings Aerial view of the House and Grounds, © ASA Blom 2010 Robinia trees leads through to the first formal garden Weston Lane. Visually inappropriate signage, CCTV References: space along the Echo Walk. A 3.7m (12ft) wide gravel columns, automated vehicle access controls, boulders walk, centred on the steps of the east front of the 1 Wright P, University of Bristol (2012) and residential gates, fences and railings have been house, leads between two lawns towards the Echo installed around the House and Grounds. These have a 2 Nicholas Pearson Associates (1994) and Echo Wood. The standing remains of the partially significant adverse effect on the historic setting. constructed 1938 school building enclose and intrude 3 Penpole Wood and Quarry SNCI Audit, P Quinn (2006) on the first parterre space along its northern edge.