DOCSLIB.ORG

Gap Eng 1.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gap Eng 1.Pdf PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING REPORT Project: Give people a voice! Strengthen public participation in mining Investment planning to ensure the health of people, livestock and the environment of Mongolia. Client: WWF (Mongolia) Contractor: Green Focus Contract No. EIDH/2015-369-258 funded under European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) - Country-Based Support Schemes (CBSS), Mongolia Disclaimer This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for the specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. Neither the authors nor the client accept responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the authors and from the party which commissioned it. PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 4 Abbreviations 6 Mongolian Terminology 8 Definitions 8 Acknowlegements 11 Project Team 11 Goals and Objectives 12 Methodology 13 1. Introduction 15 2. The Development of Mongolia’s Mining Sector 16 3. International Initiatives and Benchmarks 19 4. Implementing International Standards in Mongolia 21 5. The Challenges of Public Participation in EIA Processes. 23 a. Persistent Poor Practices in Community Engagement in Mining Projects. 24 b. Emerging Good Practice for Community Engagement in Mining Projects. 26 6. Political and Legal Framework 31 a. Mining Policies and Laws of Mongolia. 31 b. Environmental Policies and Laws of Mongolia 33 7. Environmental and Social Impacts of Mining in Mongolia. 36 2 PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING 8. Legal Procedures for Obtaining Mining Licenses in Mongolia. 40 a. Mineral resources exploration and mining activities. 40 9. The Rights, Responsibilities and Roles of Stakeholders in Mining Activities in Mongolia 44 10. Case Studies 49 a. Khentii Aimag 49 I. Mining in Khentii 50 II. Local Community Attitudes to Mining. 50 b. Uvs Aimag 51 I. Mining in Uvs 52 II. Local Community Attitudes to Mining. 54 11. Study Findings 55 a. Citizens Participation in EIA process 55 Batshireet and Binder soums of Khentii aimag 55 Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag 56 b. Participation of the Local Government and Community Batshireet and Binder soums of the Khentii aimag 57 Bukhmurun soum of Uvs aimag 58 c. Compensation and Relocation. 58 d. Information Transparency 59 e. Mine closure and Rehabilitation 61 12. References 79 14. Appendices 82 PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING 3 PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING EXECUTIVE SUMMARY If mineral exploitation is conducted responsibly the mining sector can make significant contributions to poverty reduction and sustainable development in Mongolia. If it is conducted irresponsibly it can lead to corruption, conflict, civil unrest and environmental degradation. The challenge is to put the systems and standards in place to ensure that the former objectives are achieved. These systems must ensure that mineral wealth is exploited using the best available environmental and social safeguards, ensuring rights are protected and the equitable distribution of the benefits that accrue. Resource rich countries, such as Mongolia, have a great opportunity to harness their natural resource wealth for the benefit of all of the people in the country. This is an opportunity no government will ignore, although a strong anti-mining lobby exists Although often seemingly in conflict with mining developments, it is not incompatible for WWF, a conservation organization, to support the development of a well governed minerals sector. Conservation organizations will not achieve their conservation goals in a situation where mining activities are poorly managed. A successfully managed minerals sector will ensure that the benefits of mining outweigh the costs. Governments will ensure that mining only occurs where it is acceptable. They will ensure it will not take place in areas that are too ecologically or culturally sensitive or where potential negative impacts on human welfare and ecological integrity cannot be reliably predicted so that they can be effectively managed. In some cases, when weighed up against other opportunities, mining projects may be rejected. Such decisions about mineral exploitation cannot be made by a small sector of society. Everyone has the right to engage in such decision-making. This is the subject of this report. Its objective is to encourage mining decisions to be made in a transparent and inclusive way. The geographic focus of the report is in two aimags - Khentii and Uvs- where livestock communities are dominant, communities that are often marginalized and always vulnerable. The report provides an introduction to numerous international initiatives that have been developed to help improve the performance of the mining sector and the participation of citizens in its decision-making. These provide a benchmark against which Mongolia’s current performance can be gauged. Many of these initiatives are involved in Mongolia as a pilot case for the implementation of their Guidelines and in some of them Mongolia is an international leader. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING Following a history of mining activity and legislation in Mongolia, details are provided about Mongolia’s current legislation and the phases and regulations associated with obtaining mining and exploration licenses, although mindful that Mongolia is going through a major review of its minerals legislation at this time (2017). From an international perspective, some of the most commonly observed challenges regarding Environmental Impact Assessment procedures and public participation in these processes are highlighted. The rights and responsibilities of stakeholders to participate in mining decision-making and their roles are explained. The participation of community administrations, citizens, civil society organizations and license holders are also covered. The legal obstacles are identified and issues that are not currently regulated by law are identified. However, given the failure in most resource rich countries to sufficiently implement their laws the report attempts to provide a diagnosis of the Mongolian situation with particular reference to Environmental Impact assessment (EIA), cooperation agreements, compensation, involuntary resettlement, information provision and transparency etc. Some recommendations are provided for improving cooperation between local community, local administration and license holders. Specific attention is given to the assigned study areas and their associated mines of Khotgor, Bukhmurun, Uvs aimag and Gutain Davaa, Batshireet, Khentii aimag. THE AARHUS CONVENTION “The right to live in a healthy environment as well as the duty to protect it for present and future generations requires that “citizens must have access to information, be entitled to participate in decision-making and have access to justice in environmental matters” (www.unece.org/pp/documements) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ASM Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (also known as ‘ninja’ mining in Mongolia) CAO Clients Advisor Ombudsman (Office of the CAO of the IFC) CAP Community Action/Agreement Plan COMMDEV Community Development Initiative of the IFC. CRH (Mongolian) Citizens Representative Hural. CSO Civil Society Organisation CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DEIA (Mongolian) Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment EB Equator Banks EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. EHS World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment. EMP Environmental Management Plan. EIR Environmental Impact Report (or sometimes called Statement) ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (aka EIA). EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. ESS Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies. ETA (Mongolian) Environment and Tourism Agency FDI Foreign Direct investment GEIA (Mongolian) General Environmental Impact Assessment. GoM Government of Mongolia HSE Health, Safety & Environment IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment ICMM International Council on Mining and Metals. IAPs Interested and Affected Parties. 6 ABBREVIATIONS PARTICIPATION IN MINING RELATED DECISION MAKING IFC International Finance Corporation, the Private sector section of the World Bank Group. IFIs International Financial Institutions IGF The Inter-Governmental Forum on Mining, Minerals and Metals and Sustainable Development. LEP (Mongolian) Law on Environmental Protection. MET (Mongolian) Ministry of Environment and Tourism MEITI (Mongolian) Extractive Industries Initiative MLM Mineral Law of Mongolia. MoM (Mongolian) Ministry of Mining MRAM Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia MRPAM Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia MSISTAP (Mongolian) Mining Sector Institutional Strengthening Technical Assistance Project NRGI The Natural Resources Governance Initiative. PPP Plans, Policies, and Programmes PS Performance Standards. SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SESA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018
    Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018 We save the lakes of the world! 1 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 Global Nature Fund (GNF) International Foundation for Environment and Nature Fritz-Reichle-Ring 4 78315 Radolfzell, Germany Phone : +49 (0)7732 99 95-0 Editor in charge : Udo Gattenlöhner Fax : +49 (0)7732 99 95-88 Coordination : David Marchetti, Daniel Natzschka, Bettina Schmidt E-Mail : [email protected] Text : Living Lakes members, Thomas Schaefer Visit us : www.globalnature.org Graphic Design : Didem Senturk Photographs : GNF-Archive, Living Lakes members; Jose Carlo Quintos, SCPW (Page 56) Cover photo : Udo Gattenlöhner, Lake Tota-Colombia 2 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 AMERICAS AFRICA Living Lakes Canada; Canada ........................................12 Lake Nokoué, Benin .................................................... 38 Columbia River Wetlands; Canada .................................13 Lake Ossa, Cameroon ..................................................39 Lake Chapala; Mexico ..................................................14 Lake Victoria; Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda ........................40 Ignacio Allende Reservoir, Mexico ................................15 Bujagali Falls; Uganda .................................................41 Lake Zapotlán, Mexico .................................................16 I. Lake Kivu; Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda 42 Laguna de Fúquene; Colombia .....................................17 II. Lake Kivu; Democratic
    [Show full text]
  • 438962 1 En Bookbackmatter 213..218
    Index A Average temperature, 4, 53, 55, 57, 87, 111, 162, 185 Accumulation, 12, 26, 27, 33, 44, 66, 109, 113, 140, 141, Average wind speed, 64 144–146, 152, 155, 162 Achit lake, 37, 116, 165, 208 Active layer, 122, 124–126, 130 B Active layer thickness, 124–126 Baatarkhaihan, 35 Adaatsag, 46 Baga Bogd, 3, 38, 43, 188 Agricultural land, 136, 195–199 Baga Buural, 47 Airag lake, 91, 208 Baga Gazriin Chuluu, 46, 47 Air temperature variation, 111 Baga Khavtag, 45 Aj Bogd, 35, 190 Baga Khentii, 39, 80, 110 Alag khairhan, 35 Baga Uul, 47 Alasha Gobi, 163, 165 Baishin Tsav, 46 Algae, 161, 166 Baitag Bogd, 45 Alluvial fans and sediments, 45, 46 Baruun Khuurai depression, 28, 158, 181 Alluvial-proluvial plains, 27, 29 Baruun Saikhan, 33, 43 Alluvial soils, 145, 157 Baruunturuun, 68, 136 Alpine belts, 66, 171, 185 Bayan, 3, 7, 34–36, 40, 69, 79, 88, 89, 91, 106, 109, 113 Alpine-type high mountains, 32 Bayanbor, 43 Alpine type relief, 44 Bayan Bumbun Ranges, 35 Altai region, 5, 28, 35, 42, 65, 144 Bayankhairhan, 39 Altai-Sayan ecoregion, 210 Bayantsagaan, 42, 43, 47, 49 Altai Tavan Bogd, 24, 35 Bayan-Ulgii, 7, 69, 113 Altankhukhii, 35 Biological diversity, 182 Altan Ulgii, 39 Birds, 161, 162, 169–175, 207, 208 Altitudinal belts, 6, 163, 177, 182–185, 187, 190, 192 Bogd, 3, 11, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 49, 101–103, 106, 181, Angarkhai, 38 188, 204, 208 Animal, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 33, 72, 145, 169, 171, 172, Bogd Ulaan, 49 197, 205 Boreal, 6, 163, 164, 187, 210 Annual precipitation, 53, 60, 61, 71, 86, 92, 121, 186, Bor Khairhan, 39 188, 189, 192 Borzon
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e34211 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e34211 Single Taxon Treatment New data on David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals Alexander Zhigalin ‡ ‡ National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Zhigalin ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ricardo Moratelli Received: 01 Mar 2019 | Accepted: 17 Apr 2019 | Published: 25 Apr 2019 Citation: Zhigalin A (2019) New data on David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e34211. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e34211 Abstract Background David's myotis, Myotis davidii, is a vespertilionid bat inhabiting the wide spaces of the Palearctic region. Although previously registered in the north of Mongolia (50° N.L.) and the southern Urals (52° N.L.), data on the ecology of the species on the northern periphery of the range was missing. New information The northern border area of M. davidii in Siberia shifts by 350 km and the area increases by about 150,000 km2 , in the Ural area by 150 km. Pups in the north of the range appear from the second half of June to July inclusive. Our data reveal that individuals from the Urals and the North Caucasus are genetically similar. © Zhigalin A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Zhigalin A Keywords Myotinae, Myotis, Siberia, Altai-Sayan, Ural, Distribution Introduction Although David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869), was previously considered a subspecies of the common whiskered myotis, Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817), molecular evidence and detailed analyses of the skull and teeth morphology, however, confirmed its distinction (Benda and Tsytsulina 2000, Tsytsulina et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia the Private Collection
    Big Five Presents Mongolia The Private Collection Ancient monasteries, the haunting natural beauty of the Gobi Desert, wild horses and intriguing cultures - Mongolia offers extraordinary opportunities to see and experience the living history that is Mongolia. In our own rapid-fire, always changing world, Mongolia is one of those increasingly rare places that seems to belong to another time; somewhere far off on the edges of what we know. It calls up images of nomadic tribesmen on the wind-swept Mongolian steppes, the Silk Road stations in the Gobi Desert and herds of rugged wild horses. Beneath such simplistic images, however, are a legendary past and people that once dominated the world stage in the 13th and 14th centuries. At its peak, the Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in human history! It reached across central Asia to encompass lands from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan and south into India. By the 17th century, Tibetan Buddhism became the dominant religion in Mongolia, replacing, for the most part, indigenous shaman practices. In the Mongolia of today, modernity is beginning to remodel the country as high-rise buildings crop up next to 18th-century monasteries. By the same token, Mongolians respect their history, traditions and the deep roots put down by their ancestors. Around the country, reconstruction and preservation projects are underway to preserve that history. Priceless artifacts that were so long hidden away for safekeeping are now being returned to monasteries. And it is still possible to set out on a journey that encounters nomadic clans, exquisite landscapes and unique wildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • WWF-Mongolia: WWF-Mongolia: the Way Forward • 1 WWF-Mongolia Achievement Summary and Landmark Dates
    WWF-Mongolia: WWF-MONGOLIA: THE WAY FORWARD • 1 WWF-Mongolia achieveMent suMMary and landMark dates • WWF starts its first project towards designing • As part of the WWF initiative, entitled “Gift to and expanding PA networks with WWF-Germany’s the Earth”, the Mongolian President pledges support and opened a project office with three to put 30% of the nation under protected staff members. Prior to WWF’s arrival, Mon- status, which is formalized by parliamentary golia had established only 13 protected areas, approval of the National Programme on Pro- encompassing the area of around 5 Million tected Areas in 1998. With this approval, the hectares that accounted for 5.3% of the coun- goals are established to develop a protected try’s territory. With WWF’s direct involve- area network to secure ecological balance and ment, the size of PAs enlarges with establish- ensure effective management to an international ment of Gobi Gurvan Saikhan, Gorkhi-Terelj, level. The National Programme is one of the Khangai Mountain Range and Khar-Us Lake few national programmes adopted by the Par- National parks. liament. The total size of the PA network for the entire • Due to WWF’s assistance to the Government country is doubled in less than 6 years. for raising the funds to support PA network, • With direct involvement of WWF, the draft the German Government ensures long-term Law on Protected Areas and Law on Buffer financial commitment for nature conservation zone of Protected Area are developed and within bilateral agreement. adopted, through an internal zoning system • In 1997, the WWF Mongolia Project Office is which is adopted as a basis for sound PA upgraded to a Country Office and officially networks and its functionality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of River Basin Organizations
    Achieving Sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in Mongolia NO. 138 JUNE 2020 ADB BRIEFS KEY POINTS Achieving Sustainable Integrated • Addressing Mongolia’s water security challenges requires a Water Resources Management strong institutional system at national and regional levels. in Mongolia: The Role of River At the regional level, river basin organizations (RBOs) Basin Organizations have the key responsibility of implementing effective interventions based on integrated water resources Mingyuan Fan1 management (IWRM). Principal Water Resources Specialist • RBOs are primarily East Asia Department tasked with preparing Asian Development Bank and implementing river [email protected] basin management plans, protecting water resources, promoting habitat conservation, and ensuring MONGOLIA AND ITS WATER RESOURCES SYSTEM effective water use. However, restricted autonomy, limited Mongolia is the 19th largest country and the second-largest landlocked country in the financial resources, and lack world.2 With a land area of 1.56 million square kilometers and a population of 3.2 million of professional capacities in 2018,3 Mongolia has a population density of around two persons per square kilometer, are major constraints to the making it the most sparsely populated fully sovereign country in the world. The country functioning of RBOs. comprises 21 administrative divisions called aimags (provinces), and each aimag is composed of smaller units known as soums (districts). • Significant communication gap between the line Up until 1990, the centrally led government attended to water management in ministries, local governments, Mongolia based on 5-year state planning. As a result of the democratic revolution in the and the RBOs also poses early 1990s, this centrally led approach was largely abandoned under the assumption an important challenge as that markets could take care of the water management tasks.
    [Show full text]
  • SIS) – 2017 Version
    Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites (SIS) – 2017 version Available for download from http://www.eaaflyway.net/about/the-flyway/flyway-site-network/ Categories approved by Second Meeting of the Partners of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership in Beijing, China 13-14 November 2007 - Report (Minutes) Agenda Item 3.13 Notes for compilers: 1. The management body intending to nominate a site for inclusion in the East Asian - Australasian Flyway Site Network is requested to complete a Site Information Sheet. The Site Information Sheet will provide the basic information of the site and detail how the site meets the criteria for inclusion in the Flyway Site Network. When there is a new nomination or an SIS update, the following sections with an asterisk (*), from Questions 1-14 and Question 30, must be filled or updated at least so that it can justify the international importance of the habitat for migratory waterbirds. 2. The Site Information Sheet is based on the Ramsar Information Sheet. If the site proposed for the Flyway Site Network is an existing Ramsar site then the documentation process can be simplified. 3. Once completed, the Site Information Sheet (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Flyway Partnership Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the Information Sheet and, where possible, digital versions (e.g. shapefile) of all maps. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia / Russian Federation) Id Nº 769 Rev
    WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION UVS NUUR BASIN (MONGOLIA / RUSSIAN FEDERATION) ID Nº 769 REV Background note: The IUCN technical evaluation of the Uvs Nuur Basin, nominated jointly by Mongolia and the Russian Federation in 1999, was presented to the 23rd extraordinary session of the Bureau in November 1999 (see Annex A). IUCN's evaluation noted that the site had the potential to meet natural criteria (ii) and (iv) but that the authorities should be requested to revise the boundaries from the 7.5 million hectares so as to exclude the 90% of the basin which currently has no protective status. IUCN also noted that "the existing 9 strictly protected areas (SPAs) do not adequately cover the wide range of ecosystems within this large site. In particular, the wetlands in the lower 60km of the Tes-Khem need to be part of a protected area which can extend northwards across the border to Tuva, incorporating semi-desert, steppe and the slopes of the Vostochnyi Tannu Ola range (mixed forest/steppe, taiga and tundra)." The Bureau decided to defer the nomination back to the States Parties to revise the boundaries and to prepare a joint management plan in a framework of transboundary cooperation. On 13 November 2001, the Mongolian and Russian Federation State Parties submitted additional information to the World Heritage Centre. This information included a map of the revised boundaries of the nominated area showing a serial site with 11 separate clusters encompassing 971,165ha. All of the nominated area had protected status, made up of two protected area groupings: (i) The Ubsunur Hollow State Biosphere Nature Preserve (Russian Federation) which is comprised of seven core areas totalling 258,620ha; and (ii) The Uvs Nuur State Nature Preserve (Mongolia) made up of four discrete sites covering 712,545ha.
    [Show full text]
  • Mongol Zagasnii Ulaan Dans English
    Mongolian Red List of Fishes Edited by J. Ocock, G. Baasanjav, J. E. M. Baillie, M. Erdenebat, M. Kottelat, B. Mendsaikhan and K. Smith Foreword by M. Lovei and S. D. Meyanathan Preface by M. Erdenebat THE WORLD BANK This publication has been funded by the World Bank’s Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has contributed to the production of the Mongolian Red List of Fishes, providing technical support, staff time, and data. IUCN supports the production of the Mongolian Red List of Fishes, but the information contained in this document does not necessarily represent the views of IUCN. Published by: Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY Copyright: © Zoological Society of London and contributors 2006. All rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISSN: 1751-0031 Citation: Ocock, J., Baasanjav, G., Baillie, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Fauna of Mongolia
    Flora and Fauna of Mongolia Johannes Lundberg Introduction Don't expect any strange looking completely unfamiliar plants! The area we will visit is actually not more exotic than a part of the Mediterranean Flora Region, even though the Central Asian subregion of Mediterranean is the eastern-most. This means that we will be able to recognice all (or at least most) plant families and many genera, but few species although they may resemble species we are familiar with. The nothern boundary to the Eurasian forest subregion of the Holarctic (i.e., the same subregion as Scandinavia) is found in Mongolia, more or less tracking the line of the world watershed. Mongolian Division of the Mongolian Province The northern parts of Mongolia (i.e., north of the World Water Divide) fall in the Eurasian subregion of the Holarctic and is not considered as a part of the Mongolian Province. This include, i.a., Ulaanbaatar, Tsetserleg and the Khangayn Nuruu mountains, Uliastay, and Bayankhongor. The vegetation here will be a taiga vegetation. Large part of our travel will however be in the Mongolian Division; this division can be subdivided into 13 districts: 1. Khobdo (mountain steppe, barren). Northern part of Mongolian Altai in the basins of Khovd Gol and Üüreg Nuur. Not visited by us. 2. Mongolian Altay (mountain steppe). All the mountain ranges of Mongolian Altay (Mongol Altayn Nuruu), also including Tayshiryn Uul and Adzhi-Bogdo of Tabyn-Bogdo Ol, and extending far into the Gobi. The climate is extremely cold and dry. Annual mean temperature is -4 to -6 °C, 35 with a January mean temperature at -24 °C and in July +12 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Tomsk State University Repository Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e34211 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e34211 Single Taxon Treatment New data on David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals Alexander Zhigalin ‡ ‡ National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Zhigalin ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ricardo Moratelli Received: 01 Mar 2019 | Accepted: 17 Apr 2019 | Published: 25 Apr 2019 Citation: Zhigalin A (2019) New data on David's myotis, Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), in Siberia and the Urals. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e34211. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e34211 Abstract Background David's myotis, Myotis davidii, is a vespertilionid bat inhabiting the wide spaces of the Palearctic region. Although previously registered in the north of Mongolia (50° N.L.) and the southern Urals (52° N.L.), data on the ecology of the species on the northern periphery of the range was missing. New information The northern border area of M. davidii in Siberia shifts by 350 km and the area increases by about 150,000 km2 , in the Ural area by 150 km. Pups in the north of the range appear from the second half of June to July inclusive. Our data reveal that individuals from the Urals and the North Caucasus are genetically similar. © Zhigalin A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Red List and Its Future Development in Mongolia S
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Halle-Wittenberg Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 2012 Bird Red List and Its Future Development in Mongolia S. Gombobaatar National University of Mongolia, [email protected] D. Samiya National University of Mongolia Jonathan M. Baillie Zoologial Society of London, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol Part of the Animal Law Commons, Animal Studies Commons, Asian Studies Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Ornithology Commons, and the Other Animal Sciences Commons Gombobaatar, S.; Samiya, D.; and Baillie, Jonathan M., "Bird Red List and Its Future Development in Mongolia" (2012). Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298. 18. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol/18 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
    [Show full text]