2010 Annual Report
Table of Contents
ISU VDL Mission Statement ...... 3
VDPAM Organizational Chart ...... 4
VDPAM External Advisory Board ...... 5
VDL Faculty List ...... 6
VDL Staff List ...... 7
New Tests Introduced ...... 9
2010 Statistical Data ...... 10
Accessions ...... 10
Tests ...... 11
Submission Trends ...... 11
Species ...... 12
Surveillance Testing ...... 14
Bacteriology Testing ...... 15
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ...... 17
Chemistry/Toxicology Testing...... 28
Molecular and Viral Diagnostics ...... 31
Rabies ...... 35
Pathology Testing ...... 37
Serology Testing ...... 37
Honors and Awards ...... 40
Refereed Publications ...... 40
Glossary ...... 44
The Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) is accredited as a full service laboratory by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD)
"Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic information, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. veteran. Inquiries can be directed to the Director of Equal Opportunity and Compliance, 3280 Beardshear Hall, (515) 294-7612."
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ISU VDL Mission Statement
It is the mission of the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to provide comprehensive and cutting edge diagnostic services to veterinarians, producers, and animal owners in Iowa and nationally. The lab is responsible for delivering accessible, timely, accurate, valid, and consistent test results to aid in the protection of animal and human health. Other services include a wide range of surveillance testing for early detection and identification of foreign animal and emerging domestic disease agents, as well as acts of bioterrorism directed at human and livestock populations and agricultural food supplies. The VDL also provides educational opportunities to professional and graduate students, as well as local, national and international scientists, diagnosticians and practitioners. Research is an important component of the tripartite mission as faculty and staff develop state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and techniques and also direct studies which provide new insights and deeper understanding of pathogenesis, transmission, and immunomodulation of infectious diseases.
Our Tripartite Mission
• Provide comprehensive and cutting edge diagnostic services • Deliver accessible, timely, accurate, valid and consistent test results • Provide educational opportunities to professional and graduate students, scientists, diagnosticians and practitioners
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VDPAM Organizational Chart
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VDPAM External Advisory Board
Name Title/Position Company/Clinic City
Dr Pat Halbur Chair of VDPAM, Executive Director of the ISU College of Vet Ames, IA ISU VDL Med, VDPAM Dr James West Director of Food Supply Veterinary Services ISU College of Vet Ames, IA (FSVS) Med, VDPAM Dr Lorraine Hoffman Professor Emeritus, ISU VDL ISU College of Vet Ames, IA Med, VDPAM Dr Duane Acker Former Undersecretary of Agriculture, former ISU Animal Science Atlantic, IA University President, former Dean, former Collaborating Department Chair Professor Dr Mark Brinkman Progressive practitioner with swine, beef, Veterinary Medical Williamsburg, IA and small animal focus Center Kevin & Terri Chair of the Iowa Beef Industry Council - Iowa Beef Industry Odebolt, IA Carstensen Terri Council, President of the ICA - Kevin Iowa Cattlemen’s Beef producers Association Dr Jerry DeWitt Director of the Leopold Center for ISU Dept of Ag Ames, IA Sustainable Agriculture Dr Ann Garvey State Public Health Veterinarian Iowa Dept. of Public Des Moines, IA Health Dr John Hicks Progressive practitioner with swine and beef Carroll Veterinary Carroll, IA focus Clinic Steve Kerns Immediate Past President IPPA, pork Kerns Farms Clearfield, IA producer, seedstock producer Dr W. Eugene Lloyd Toxicologist, Entrepreneur, lead donor of the Lloyd, Inc Shenandoah, IA W. Eugene and Linda Lloyd Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the ISU CVM Eric Lyons Dairy producer Toledo, IA Dr Rodger Main Murphy Brown Western Operations, Prestage-Stoecker Ames, IA integrated food supply company Farms, Murphy Brown
Jim McKnight Iowa Farm Bureau, Board Member, beef and Iowa Farm Bureau Afton, IA swine producer Bill Northey Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Department of Des Moines, IA Agriculture & Land Stewardship Lucy Norton Iowa Renewable Fuels Association- Iowa Renewable Johnston, IA Managing Director Fuels Association Dr Jodi Pettit Progressive practitioner with swine, beef, Audubon-Manning Audubon, IA and small animal focus. Veterinary Clinic Kim Reis Director, Iowa Turkey Federation West Liberty Foods Ellsworth, IA Dr Dave Schmitt Acting State Veterinarian for Iowa Iowa Department of Des Moines, IA Agriculture and Land Stewardship Marsha Spykerman Sheep producer, Executive Director of the Iowa Sheep Industry Sibley, IA Iowa Sheep Industry Association Association Dr Mahlon "Whitey" Former Director SDSU and KSU VDLs, Amana, IA Vorhies former Department Chair at KSU
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VDL Faculty List
Halbur, Pat Chair of VDPAM and Administration, Circovirus, Hepatitis E [email protected] Executive Director of the ISU Virus, Swine Respiratory Disease, PRRSV VDL Main, Rodger Director of Operations Swine Production Medicine and Nutrition [email protected] Clothier, Kris Adjunct Instructor, Beef, Cattle Herd Health, FADs, Johne's [email protected] Bacteriology Disease Cooper, V.L. Senior Clinician, Pathologist BVD, Beef Cattle, Dairy, Caprine, Equine, [email protected] Canine, Feline Ensley, Steve Clinician, Toxicology, Field Investigation of Tox [email protected] Toxicology Section Leader Issues, Drinking Water Quality, Corn co- products Frana, Tim Associate Professor Bacterial Diseases, Epidemiology, [email protected] Bacteriology Section Leader Diagnostics Gauger, Phil Clinician Pathology, Virology, Swine Influenza, [email protected] PRRSV, PCV2 Harmon, Karen Adjunct Assistant Professor, Molecular Testing and Characterization of [email protected] Molecular Microbiology, HATS Animal Bacteria and Viruses Section Leader Hoffman, Lorraine Professor Emeritus Administration, Diagnostic Bacteriology, [email protected] Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Hyde, Walter Professor Emeritus Toxicology, Chemistry, Analytical [email protected] Toxicology Imerman, Paula Clinician and Lab Manager Chemistry/Toxicology [email protected] Janke, Bruce Professor, Pathology Swine Influenza, Enteric Diseases of Pigs, [email protected] Pathology Johnson, John Clinician and Serology Section Development of Serology Tests and [email protected] Leader Quality Assurance Kim, Won-Il Clinician Molecular Diagnostics and Research, [email protected] PRRSV, SIV, Circovirus Kinyon, Joann Adjunct Assistant Professor, Bacteriology/Clinical Microbiology [email protected] Bacteriology/Clinical Microbiology Section Leader Madson, Darin Assistant Professor, Pathology Swine Disease Diagnosis, Nursery/Grow- [email protected] Finish Health Opriessnig, Tanja Assistant Professor, Porcine Circovirus, Erysipelas, Hepatitis E [email protected] Pathologist virus, Porcine Parvovirus, Swine Respiratory Diseases Osweiler, Gary Professor, Toxicologist Toxicology, Agricultural Chemicals, [email protected] Poisonous Plants and Mycotoxins Patterson, Abby Veterinary Specialist Pathology [email protected] Ramamoorthy, Clinician, Serology Immunology, Serology, Vaccinology [email protected] Sheela Rathje, John Clinician Pathology, Dairy, Swine Diseases [email protected] Schwartz, Kent Clinician, Pathology Section Pathology, Swine and Beef Diagnostics, [email protected] Leader Evidence-Based Practice Stevenson, Greg Professor Pathology, Swine Diseases, Diag. [email protected] Medicine in Food Producing Animals Strait, Erin Molecular and viral diagnostic Immunology, Diagnostic Research and [email protected] services Section Leader Development, Swine Mycoplasma Yoon Kyoung-Jin Professor and Virology Section Viral Diseases, PRRSV, Influenza, PCV2, [email protected] Leader Development of Diagnostic Tools Zimmerman, Jeffrey Professor, Epidemiologist Ecology of Viral Infections of Swine [email protected] VDL Staff List
Bacteriology Carter, Sylvia Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Elliott, John Laboratory Technician III BS, MS [email protected] Frisk, Andrew Research Associate I BS [email protected] Fulster, Susan Laboratory Technician II BS [email protected] Klinefelter, Timothy Research Associate II BS [email protected] McDeid, Leona Assistant Scientist I AA, BA [email protected] Schwarz, Brenda Laboratory Assistant I BS [email protected] Thompson, Curt Assistant Scientist II BS, MBA [email protected] Wiley, Lisa Research Associate I BS [email protected] Zavala, Marissa Research Associate I BS [email protected] Health Assurance Testing (HATS) Osorio, Sue Research Associate I BS [email protected] Sickau, Diane Research Associate II BS [email protected] Chemistry/Toxicology Grover, Raymond Jr. Laboratory Technician III BA [email protected] Ivanytska, Olha Laboratory Technician II [email protected] Kasper, Lisa Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Schrunk, Dwayne Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Administrative Support Adams, Carolyn Clerk III [email protected] Alt, Nancy Clerk IV BA [email protected] Finch, Mary Clerk III [email protected] Holdredge, Jennifer Administrative Specialist II BS [email protected] Koeneke, Stacy Clerk III [email protected] Lee, Christine Account Clerk [email protected] Meraz, Christine Clerk IV [email protected] Olson, Linda Clerk III [email protected] Tuttle, Vanna Clerk III [email protected] Wilson, Kristine Clerk III [email protected] Zagar, Rose Clerk III BS [email protected] Histopathology Branaman, Rosalyn Histology Technician II BS [email protected] Brodie, Joseph Assistant Scientist I AA, BLS [email protected] Elsberry, Alan Histo Technician I [email protected] Fenneman, Dawn Histo Technician II BS [email protected] Smith, Linda Histology Technician I BA [email protected] Watts, Capri Histology Technician II [email protected] Informatics Berghefer, Randy Manager Information AA, BS [email protected] Technology I Boyes, Neil Systems Analyst I BA, BS [email protected] Garza, Joseph System Analyst I BS [email protected] Hall, Timothy System Support Specialist II BS [email protected]
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Mindham, Steven Systems Support Specialist BS [email protected] III Research Harrison, Shayleen Research Associate I BS [email protected] Shen, Huigang Post Doc PhD [email protected] Pathology Neal, Barbara Clerk II [email protected] Thomas, Jacqueline Research Associate I BA [email protected] Weeda, Matthew Research Associate I Quality Systems Boesenberg-Smith, Kelly Quality Assurance Officer BS, MS [email protected] Boor, Jessica Quality Assurance Officer BS [email protected] Chittick, Wayne Quality Assurance Officer BS [email protected] Kalkwarf, Erin Research Associate II BS [email protected] Racing Chemistry Auferonak, Iryna Laboratory Technician II [email protected] Barchman, Sarah Laboratory Technician I BS [email protected] Chang, Jenny Laboratory Technician III BS, MS [email protected] Dobson, Lori Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Endreland, Luanne Laboratory Technician II [email protected] Greulich, David Research Associate I [email protected] Hsu, Sunny Secretary III [email protected] Morgan, Martha Research Associate I BA, EMT-P [email protected] Novak, Renee Research Associate I AA [email protected] Peterson, Jacqueline Research Associate I BA [email protected] Rahfeldt, Angie Research Associate I BS [email protected] Schultz, Daniel Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Stewart, Jason Laboratory Technician II [email protected] Wulf, Larry Laboratory Technician III BS, MS, PhD [email protected] Serology Block, Suzanne Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Clauson, Susan Clerk III [email protected] Dunn, Linda Clerk III [email protected] Emge, Patrick Laboratory Technician II BS [email protected] Fowles, Beverly Laboratory Technician III [email protected] Gard, Theresa Laboratory Technician II BS [email protected] Heinen, Sheila Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Lin, Kathy Research Associate II BS [email protected] Magtoto, Ronaldo Research Associate I BS, MS, PhD [email protected] Nelson, Nancy Laboratory Technician II AA, BS [email protected] Norris, Sheila Assistant Scientist II BS [email protected] Schuller, Bruce Laboratory Assistant II [email protected] Upchurch, Nancy Laboratory Technician II [email protected] Virology/Molecular Diag Bower, Leslie Research Associate II BS, MS [email protected] Chriswell, Amy Research Associate II BS [email protected]
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Haney, Devon Research Associate I BS [email protected] Irons, Aaron Research Associate I BS [email protected] Jones, Sarah Research Associate I BS [email protected] Kostohryz, Scott Research Associate I BS [email protected] Osorio, Sue Research Associate I BS [email protected] Raymond, Matt Research Associate I [email protected] Rice, Somchai Laboratory Technician III BS [email protected] Spitz, Allison Research Associate I BS [email protected] Stensland, Wendy Research Associate II [email protected] Zhang, Jianqiang Assistant Scientist III [email protected]
New Tests Introduced
Name Section Bovine liver trace mineral panel Chemistry Bovine serum trace mineral panel Chemistry Porcine liver trace mineral panel Chemistry GCMS Screen Chemistry Aflatoxins ELISA Chemistry Individual antibiotic testing Bacteriology Johne’s pooled liquid culture Bacteriology APP Mix ELISA Screen Serology Baculovirus ELISA Serology BVD antigen ELISA (PI) Serology BVD antigen ELISA (PI) mod Serology Caprine arthritis encephalitis cELISA Serology Johne's ELISA (serum/plasma) Serology Porcine Circovirus II Fluorescent Focus Neutralization Serology PPV HI Serology PRRS Homologous IFA North American Serology PRRS Homologous IFA titration North American Serology PRRSX3 virus ELISA Serology PCR - Porcine Rotavirus Molecular Diagnostics PCR - Caprine herpesvirus Molecular Diagnostics PCR - Erysipelothrix Molecular Diagnostics PCR - FMD surveillance Molecular Diagnostics PCR – M. hyopneumoniae Quantitation Molecular Diagnostics PCR - Mycoplasma suis Molecular Diagnostics
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2010 Statistical Data
Accessions
2010 Number of Accessions Total 41,770 Jan 2,801 Feb 2,925 Mar 3,657 Apr 3,537 May 3,315 Jun 3,392 Jul 3,274 Aug 3,467 Sep 3,870 Oct 3,569 Nov 3,908 Dec 4,055
2010 Chemistry / Molecular and Viral Accessions Bacteriology Toxicology Pathology Serology Diagnostics Total 13,929 1,146 10,922 14,711 22,105 Jan 1,042 81 827 903 1,473 Feb 1,108 120 877 899 1,548 Mar 1,325 149 1,109 1,261 1,917 Apr 1,289 92 1,009 1,237 1,816 May 1,074 98 863 1,233 1,676 Jun 1,038 100 805 1,207 1,632 Jul 944 93 719 1,223 1,641 Aug 1,093 95 727 1,230 1,750 Sep 1,154 84 916 1,525 1,971 Oct 1,186 67 962 1,279 1,950 Nov 1,318 86 1,037 1,340 2,270 Dec 1,358 81 1,071 1,374 2,461
Chemistry / Molecular and Viral Accession Trends Bacteriology Toxicology Pathology Serology Diagnostics 2010 13,929 1,146 10,922 14,711 22,105 2009 12,940 1,007 11,155 15,581 19,606 2008 13,859 889 12,628 17,806 21,639 2007 16,366 1,117 15,582 20,327 30,872 2006 16,110 1,357 15,422 20,524 20,243 2005 12,924 1,823 12,153 17,661 13,097
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Tests
Chemistry / Molecular and Viral 2010 Tests Bacteriology Toxicology Pathology Serology Diagnostics Total 98,182 3,380 85,334 420,775 109,173 Jan 8,553 207 7,319 28,621 6,350 Feb 8,811 185 5,902 28,139 7,202 Mar 8,211 306 7,089 33,560 8,454 Apr 10,353 359 9,481 36,806 9,417 May 7,963 196 6,279 32,140 8,018 Jun 7,212 373 6,230 33,713 9,525 Jul 6,351 262 5,496 36,094 7,989 Aug 6,819 509 5,759 28,218 8,524 Sep 7,696 244 7,742 32,703 10,937 Oct 9,290 276 7,455 48,772 10,514 Nov 8,640 226 8,544 41,634 11,224 Dec 8,283 237 8,038 40,375 11,019
Submission Trends
Number of Tests Number of Accessions 2010 716,864 41,770 2009 684,957 39,480 2008 1,157,388 41,957 2007 1,039,032 47,957 2006 1,330,084 47,238 2005 1,005,301 38,907
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Species: 35 species submitted
2010 Accessions by Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Porcine 1, 694 1,781 2,113 1,917 1,875 1,846 1,875 1,945 2,354 2,141 2,461 2,587 24,589 Bovine 467 486 673 643 549 477 404 394 554 541 546 659 6,393 Canine 240 254 309 271 235 332 293 324 333 301 288 288 3,468 Avian 169 136 155 187 200 241 265 317 246 274 323 300 2,813 Equine 69 79 186 320 276 251 223 214 176 115 88 77 2,074 Feline 63 54 68 64 52 66 77 84 66 66 74 49 783 Non-Animal 38 44 46 24 27 45 16 21 29 38 21 15 364 Bat 16 7 10 9 15 32 18 76 17 8 9 13 230 Caprine 15 18 20 20 21 17 16 16 13 17 18 17 208 Ovine 11 26 12 14 17 14 12 16 8 8 10 13 161 Unknown 4 15 7 15 13 18 13 12 13 8 15 5 138 Cervidae 3 3 10 3 5 9 9 14 26 13 14 5 114 Camelid 2 5 6 13 3 10 16 6 10 11 3 3 88 Mustelid 1 14 18 7 8 11 3 6 5 2 1 76 Rodent 3 2 7 4 4 8 10 7 5 6 7 8 71 Raccoon 2 2 11 2 4 6 5 3 4 3 11 1 54 Rabbit 2 5 1 1 2 1 6 4 3 25 Marsupial 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 19 Crustacean 1 2 1 3 3 10 Skunk 5 1 1 2 1 10 Primate 2 3 2 3 10 Porcine Exotic 1 3 4 1 9 Aquatic Mammal 1 5 1 7 Fish 1 1 1 2 1 1 7 Insectivora 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 Antelope 3 1 1 1 6 Snake 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Bison 1 2 1 1 5 Canine Exotic 2 1 2 5 Exotic 1 3 1 5 Reptilian 1 1 3 5 Feline Exotic 1 1 1 1 4 Amphibian 3 3 Bovine Exotic 2 2 Bear 1 1
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Top 10 Species 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Submissions 47,238 47,957 41,957 39,480 41,770 Porcine 28,109 27,847 23,575 22,991 24,589 Bovine 7,384 8,275 7,479 6,211 6,393 Canine 3,677 3,794 3,694 3,665 3,468 Avian 2,563 2,750 2,324 1,857 2,813 Equine 2,833 2,646 2,235 2,146 2,074 Feline 960 984 913 897 783 Non-Animal 181 198 268 387 364 Bat 269 265 293 295 230 Caprine 223 238 241 203 208 Ovine 223 239 197 161 161
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Surveillance Testing
2010 Number of tests Total AIV PCR - Wildlife, backyard, and game birds 2,000 AIV serology 19,334 Brucella serology - Feral Swine 159 BSE 19 CSF PCR surveillance 1,155 FMD PCR surveillance 2 Johne’s surveillance 175 Meat Juice PRV serology 12,073 PRV gB ELISA SCREEN NAHLN surveillance 9,631 PRV surveillance 336 PRV tissue FA 235 Salmonella enteritidis - Poultry 11,815 SIV Surveillance 70
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Bacteriology Testing
Bacteriology testing trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Basic tests Bacterial ID 7,194 8,584 15,968 20,805 17,527 14,196 Bacterial ID from mailed culture 81 77 272 1,109 1,215 822 Brachyspira Culture 1,203 1,267 1,442 3,139 7,215 7,358 Campylobacter and Trichomonas 1,162 913 935 1,582 715 1,025 Campylobacter Culture 356 407 420 506 535 505 Clin Micro Culture - Aerobic and Anaerobic 2,652 3,065 3,084 3,559 3,192 2,908 Clostridium difficile culture 34 44 76 74 71 130 Clostridium FA 30 21 30 36 45 48 Coliform Test (Membrane Filter) 7 7 328 498 460 48 Culture of feed for Clostridium perfringens 2 3 2 1 Culture Saved 979 865 958 1,184 1,239 957 Direct Smear 140 123 82 68 59 64 E. coli K99 LA Typing 373 386 502 394 100 22 Enrichments 1,850 644 8,228 8,192 7,489 6,727 Equine Kirby Bauer 211 210 209 233 138 128 Fungal Culture 353 281 263 341 287 320 Johne's Liquid Culture 532 727 915 965 338 172 Johne's Liquid Culture pooled 145 82 Leptospira FA 454 498 108 26 8 2 Milk Culture 429 348 2,863 11,608 5,274 5,882 Milk Culture – Bulk Tank 24 34 74 122 189 44 Mycoplasma Culture 275 1,669 318 879 969 544 Mycoplasma Id 60 95 25 2 1 Mycoplasma Milk Culture 3 26 Poultry - Egg Culture 112 133 216 156 243 81 Poultry - Salmonella Environmental 2,805 143 3,137 3,150 4,393 11,815 Routine Culture 37,588 49,360 49,741 41,378 35,836 33,226 Salmonella Id 914 1,392 1,539 1,364 979 830 Serogroup/serotype (APP, Salm, Strep) 246 267 271 239 204 161 Slant Request 360 308 238 330 229 329 Standard Plate Count Results 34 48 450 152 271 192 Trichomonas Culture Results 294 171 226 28 Special tests AgELISA - Chlamydia 68 55 52 110 70 34 ELISA - Clostridium difficile toxin A/B 267 264 459 495 405 526 ELISA - Parvo Virus 11 3 4 4 Antinuclear Antibody 12 19 5 2 Rheumatoid factor agglutination 1 4 1 1 Special Culture (nasal, feces, semen, other) 608 281 179 757 1,021 1,106 SRID for IgG 55 4 25 124 9 8 Susceptibility testing Avian MIC 128 86 115 102 76 106 Bovine Mastitis Kirby Bauer 20 11 27 30 6 Bovine Respiratory Kirby Bauer 33 26 24 19 6
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Bacteriology testing trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Companion/Equine MIC 136 98 199 262 437 895 E-TEST 83 73 66 56 49 61 Food Animal MIC 6,484 7,627 8,324 7,879 6,100 5,527 Individual Antibiotic 239 680 Mastitis MIC 191 138 108 76 96 105 Multiresistant Kirby Bauer 54 86 125 61 45 41 Small Animal Kirby Bauer 830 870 890 775 691 446
2010 Salmonella serotypes isolated Avian Bovine Porcine Group B 60 33 412 Salmonella typhimurium var 5 4 10 192 Salmonella derby 1 2 66 Salmonella typhimurium 30 8 66 Salmonella agona 12 13 46 Salmonella heidelberg 13 33 Salmonella brandenburg 9 Group C1 3 15 47 Salmonella infantis 1 2 41 Salmonella choleraesuis 6 Salmonella montevideo 2 13 Group C2 15 11 2 Salmonella kentucky 15 3 Salmonella newport 8 2 Group D 296 57 3 Salmonella enteritidis 286 4 3 Salmonella berta 10 Salmonella dublin 53 Group E 6 6 58 Salmonella anatum 1 5 34 Salmonella senftenberg 5 1 24 Group K 1 9 1 Salmonella cerro 1 9 1 Group Poly/Other 2 44 Salmonella johannesburg 2 25 Salmonella worthington 2 19
Bacteriology APP serotypes isolated from porcine 2007 2008 2009 2010 APP untypeable 49 52 48 41 APP Serotype 7 64 41 44 35 APP Serotype 1 13 9 10 4 APP Serotype 3 4 5 9 3 APP Serotype 6 2 APP Serotype 8 2 APP Serotype 11 1 APP Serotype 12 6 2 5 1 APP Serotype 2 1 APP Serotype 5 43 28 7
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles
• Note: The susceptibility information presented below is a summary of data gathered at ISU VDL for the time period listed. The information may be useful to understand susceptibility trends or as an aid in making clinical decisions, but may not be accurate for specific disease situations.
• In vitro antimicrobial test results do not represent therapeutic recommendations from the VDL or personnel therein. Extra/Off label usage of an antimicrobial which is limited/prohibited for certain species may result in legal action by FDA-CVM
• Data is reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested) – not all bacteria isolated at ISU VDL have been tested for antimicrobial susceptibility
Avian 2008-2010 Susceptibility profile of Avian pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2008-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
E coli G ana P mult Salm 2 Salm B 2 Salm C1 2 Amoxicillin 73% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 93% (40) 86% (22) 100% (7) Ceftiofur 95% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 98% (40) 95% (22) 100% (7) Clindamycin 0% (168) 0% (3) 0% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7) Enrofloxacin 97% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 100% (40) 100% (22) 100% (7) Erythromycin 0% (168) 0% (3) 0% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7) Florfenicol 38% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 25% (40) 41% (22) 14% (7) Gentamicin 80% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 83% (40) 91% (22) 71% (7) Neomycin 85% (168) 67% (3) 100% (1) 93% (40) 95% (22) 100% (7) Novobiocin 0% (168) 0% (3) 100% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7) Oxytetracycline 36% (168) 0% (3) 100% (1) 75% (40) 59% (22) 57% (7) Penicillin 0% (168) 0% (3) 100% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7) Spectinomycin 0% (168) 0% (3) 0% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7) Streptomycin 61% (168) 100% (3) 0% (1) 70% (40) 45% (22) 71% (7) Sulfadimethoxine 47% (168) 67% (3) 0% (1) 38% (40) 32% (22) 29% (7) Sulphathiazole 57% (168) 67% (3) 0% (1) 78% (40) 55% (22) 71% (7) Tetracycline 36% (168) 0% (3) 100% (1) 73% (40) 59% (22) 57% (7) Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole 93% (168) 100% (3) 100% (1) 100% (40) 100% (22) 100% (7) Tylosin (Tartrate/Base) 0% (168) 0% (3) 0% (1) 0% (40) 0% (22) 0% (7)
2 See Salmonella serotype table on page 17 for most common serotypes isolated within each group
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Bovine 2010 Susceptibility profile of Bovine pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
2 2 2 2 B tre E coli H som M bov M haem P mult Salm B Salm C2 Salm D Salm E Ampicillin 60% (10) 28% (355) 88% (77) 100% (8) 61% (132) 98% (120) 35% (26) 46% (13) 13% (52) 94% (18) Ceftiofur 80% (10) 56% (355) 100% (77) 100% (8) 98% (132) 100% (120) 77% (26) 46% (13) 15% (52) 100% (18) Chlortetracycline 40% (10) 12% (355) 99% (77) 100% (8) 77% (132) 89% (120) 23% (26) 23% (13) 2% (52) 78% (18) Clindamycin 10% (10) 0% (355) 55% (77) 13% (8) 1% (132) 0% (120) 0% (26) 0% (13) 0% (52) 0% (18) Danofloxacin 38% (10) 61% (355) 77% (77) NI 98% (132) 80% (120) 100% (26) 100% (13) 98% (52) 100% (18) Enrofloxacin 40% (10) 62% (355) 78% (77) 100% (8) 67% (132) 87% (120) 100% (26) 100% (13) 100% (52) 100% (18) Florfenicol 70% (10) 7% (355) 94% (77) 88% (8) 83% (132) 87% (120) 12% (26) 15% (13) 0% (52) 33% (18) Gentamicin 80% (10) 70% (355) 17% (77) 100% (8) 80% (132) 78% (120) 92% (26) 100% (13) 94% (52) 100% (18) Neomycin 40% (10) 30% (355) 0% (77) 100% (8) 47% (132) 33% (120) 50% (26) 85% (13) 46% (52) 100% (18) Oxytetracycline 30% (10) 11% (355) 36% (77) 100% (8) 39% (132) 53% (120) 23% (26) 23% (13) 2% (52) 78% (18) Penicillin 20% (10) 0% (355) 79% (77) 0% (8) 22% (132) 58% (120) 0% (26) 0% (13) 0% (52) 0% (18) Spectinomycin 0% (10) 0% (355) 43% (77) 100% (8) 61% (132) 65% (120) 0% (26) 0% (13) 0% (52) 0% (18) Sulfadimethoxine 40% (10) 9% (355) 13% (77) 100% (8) 16% (132) 8% (120) 0% (26) 8% (13) 2% (52) 6% (18) Tiamulin 50% (10) 1% (355) 99% (77) 100% (8) 92% (132) 66% (120) 0% (26) 0% (13) 0% (52) 0% (18) Tilmicosin 30% (10) 0% (355) 94% (77) 100% (8) 46% (132) 57% (120) 0% (26) 0% (13) 0% (52) 0% (18) Trimethoprim/ Sulphamethoxazole 60% (10) 41% (355) 97% (77) 100% (8) 1% (132) 2% (120) 92% (26) 100% (13) 71% (52) 100% (18) Tulathromycin 0% (10) NI 83% (77) NI 78% (132) 78% (120) NI NI NI NI Tylosin (Tartrate/Base) 10% (10) NI 65% (77) NI 1% (132) 0% (120) NI NI NI NI
2 See Salmonella serotype table on page 17 for most common serotypes isolated within each group
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Bovine Mastitis 2008-2010 Susceptibility profile of Mastitis pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2008-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
E coli E faem Ente K pneu P mult S aur S dysg S epi S ube Ampicillin 76% (34) 100% (1) 60% (5) 17% (6) 100% (5) 78% (94) 96% (25) 91% (11) 88% (40) Ceftiofur 97% (34) 100% (1) 100% (5) 83% (6) 100% (5) 100% (94) 100% (25) 100% (11) 97% (40) Cephalothin 76% (34) 100% (1) 20% (5) 67% (6) 100% (5) 99% (94) 100% (25) 100% (11) 100% (40) Erythromycin 0% (34) 0% (1) 0% (5) 0% (6) 0% (5) 79% (94) 80% (25) 82% (11) 75% (40) Oxacillin 3 NA NA NA NA NA 94% (94) NA 92% (25) NA Penicillin 0% (34) 0% (1) 0% (5) 0% (6) 80% (5) 79% (94) 96% (25) 91% (11) 60% (40) Penicillin/Novobiocin 0% (34) NI NI 0% (6) 100% (5) 99% (94) 96% (25) 100% (11) 98% (40) Pirlimycin 0% (34) 0% (1) 0% (5) 0% (6) 0% (5) 79% (94) 84% (25) 82% (11) 70% (40) Sulfadimethoxine 68% (34) 0% (1) 20% (5) 33% (6) 20% (5) 89% (94) 60% (25) 82% (11) 3% (40) Tetracycline 53% (34) 0% (1) 80% (5) 67% (6) 40% (5) 73% (94) 40% (25) 82% (11) 50% (40)
3 Isolates resistant to oxacillin are interpreted as methicillin resistant.
19 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Canine 2009-2010 Susceptibility profile of Canine pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2009-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
B bron E coli E fael E faem Ente K pneu P aer P mult Pseu S aur S can S pint Amikacin 100% (16) 93% (245) 20% (35) 36% (11) 100% (24) 100% (16) 91% (43) 100% (7) 88% (24) 86% (7) 0% (35) 99% (176) Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (16) 76% (245) 100% (35) 45% (11) 46% (24) 81% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 50% (24) 86% (7) 97% (35) 79% (176) Ampicillin 44% (16) 55% (245) 100% (35) 45% (11) 38% (24) 13% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 42% (24) 14% (7) 91% (35) 43% (176) Cefazolin 19% (16) 77% (245) 0% (35) 18% (11) 29% (24) 81% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 33% (24) 86% (7) 100% (35) 80% (176) Cefovecin 25% (12) 79% (174) 0% (31) 0% (11) 90% (21) 67% (15) 0% (37) 100% (7) 36% (22) 83% (6) 97% (29) 78% (145) Cefoxitin 19% (16) 83% (245) 0% (35) 0% (11) 46% (24) 69% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 33% (24) 57% (7) 100% (35) 80% (176) Cefpodoxime 19% (16) 79% (245) 9% (35) 9% (11) 96% (24) 81% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 29% (24) 86% (7) 97% (35) 80% (176) Ceftiofur 19% (16) 79% (245) 3% (35) 18% (11) 92% (24) 81% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 33% (24) 86% (7) 100% (35) 78% (176) Cephalothin 75% (4) 51% (71) 0% (4) ND 33% (3) 100% (1) 0% (6) ND 0% (2) 100% (1) 100% (6) 90% (31) Chloramphenicol 100% (16) 76% (245) 94% (35) 91% (11) 71% (24) 81% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 46% (24) 86% (7) 97% (35) 85% (176) Clindamycin 6% (16) 0% (245) 0% (35) 27% (11) 0% (24) 0% (16) 0% (43) 14% (7) 0% (24) 86% (7) 94% (35) 73% (176) Doxycycline 100% (12) 66% (174) 74% (31) 27% (11) 67% (21) 67% (15) 8% (37) 100% (7) 68% (22) 100% (6) 55% (29) 58% (145) Enrofloxacin 88% (16) 74% (245) 26% (35) 0% (11) 75% (24) 100% (16) 53% (43) 100% (7) 63% (24) 100% (7) 46% (35) 70% (176) Erythromycin 6% (16) 0% (245) 29% (35) 9% (11) 0% (24) 0% (16) 0% (43) 57% (7) 17% (24) 71% (7) 0% (35) 70% (176) Gentamicin 94% (16) 78% (245) 51% (35) 36% (11) 96% (24) 94% (16) 77% (43) 100% (7) 79% (24) 100% (7) 23% (35) 83% (176) 100% Imipenem 100% (16) (245) 100% (35) 45% (11) 96% (24) 100% (16) 98% (43) 100% (7) 92% (24) 57% (7) 100% (35) 80% (176) Marbofloxacin 92% (16) 85% (245) 30% (35) 0% (11) 92% (24) 100% (16) 86% (43) 100% (7) 76% (24) 100% (7) 83% (35) 80% (176) Orbifloxacin 100% (4) 82% (71) 0% (4) ND 100% (3) 100% (1) 33% (6) ND 0% (2) 100% (1) 0% (6) 74% (31) Oxacillin 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 86% (7) NA 80% (176) Penicillin 6% (16) 0% (245) 97% (35) 45% (11) 0% (24) 0% (16) 0% (43) 100% (7) 0% (24) 0% (7) 97% (35) 32% (176) Rifampin NI 0% (245) 23% (35) 64% (11) NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Tetracycline 100% (4) 66% (71) 100% (4) ND 67% (3) 100% (1) 0% (6) ND 50% (2) 0% (1) 0% (6) 45% (31) Ticarcillin 69% (16) 58% (245) 3% (35) 36% (11) 71% (24) 6% (16) 91% (43) 100% (7) 67% (24) 86% (7) 97% (35) 80% (176) Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (16) 72% (245) 0% (35) 36% (11) 92% (24) 75% (16) 91% (43) 100% (7) 71% (24) 86% (7) 100% (35) 79% (176) Trimethoprim/ Sulphamethoxazole 63% (16) 75% (245) 94% (35) 55% (11) 92% (24) 94% (16) 9% (43) 100% (7) 50% (24) 100% (7) 100% (35) 72% (176)
3 Isolates resistant to oxacillin are interpreted as methicillin resistant.
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Caprine / Ovine 2008-2010 Susceptibility profile of Caprine / Ovine pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2008-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
E coli M haem P mult B tre Salm Ampicillin 61% (56) 98% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 95% (20) Ceftiofur 88% (56) 100% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 95% (20) Chlortetracycline 29% (56) 95% (41) 100% (11) 14% (7) 90% (20) Clindamycin 0% (56) 0% (41) 0% (11) 14% (7) 0% (20) Danofloxacin 94% (56) 98% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 100% (20) Enrofloxacin 96% (56) 100% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 100% (20) Florfenicol 25% (56) 100% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 70% (20) Gentamicin 86% (56) 100% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 95% (20) Neomycin 71% (56) 95% (41) 100% (11) 71% (7) 100% (20) Oxytetracycline 27% (56) 90% (41) 100% (11) 29% (7) 90% (20) Penicillin 0% (56) 20% (41) 82% (11) 14% (7) 0% (20) Spectinomycin 2% (56) 88% (41) 91% (11) 14% (7) 0% (20) Sulfadimethoxine 38% (56) 59% (41) 36% (11) 86% (7) 45% (20) Tiamulin 0% (56) 80% (41) 55% (11) 100% (7) 0% (20) Tilmicosin 0% (56) 88% (41) 100% (11) 100% (7) 0% (20) Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole 73% (56) 7% (41) 9% (11) 86% (7) 100% (20) Tulathromycin NI 100% (41) NI NI NI Tylosin (Tartrate/Base) NI 0% (41) 0% (11) 0% (7) NI
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Equine 2009-2010 Susceptibility profile of Equine pathogens received at ISU VDL 2009-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
A equ B bron P aer Past R equ Salm B S aur S equi S equs S zoo Amikacin 90% (10) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (11) 100% (8) 0% (1) 17% (6) 0% (24) Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (3) ND 0% (2) ND 50% (2) 100% (2) 100% (3) ND ND 100% (6) Ampicillin 100% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 50% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Azithromycin NI NI ND 100% (1) ND NI 80% (5) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (18) Cefazolin 80% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Cefoxitin 67% (3) ND 0% (2) ND 50% (2) 100% (2) 100% (3) ND ND 100% (6) Cefpodoxime 100% (3) ND 0% (2) ND 0% (2) 100% (2) 100% (3) ND ND 100% (6) Ceftazidime 100% (7) 100% (1) ND 100% (1) ND 89% (9) 100% (5) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (18) Ceftiofur 80% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Cephalothin 67% (3) ND 0% (2) ND 0% (2) 100% (2) 100% (3) ND ND 100% (6) Chloramphenicol 90% (10) 100% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Clarithromycin NI NI ND NI ND NI 80% (5) NI NI NI Clindamycin 0% (3) ND 0% (2) ND 0% (2) 0% (2) 100% (3) ND ND 67% (6) Doxycycline 100% (7) 100% (1) ND 100% (1) ND 89% (9) 80% (5) 100% (1) 83% (6) 89% (18) Enrofloxacin 90% (10) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 100% (11) 63% (8) 0% (1) 83% (6) 38% (24) Erythromycin 0% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 0% (1) 100% (2) 0% (11) 88% (8) 100% (1) 83% (6) 75% (24) Gentamicin 90% (10) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (11) 75% (8) 0% (1) 50% (6) 8% (24) Imipenem 100% (10) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) 3 Oxacillin NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% (8) NA NA NA Penicillin 0% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 0% (1) 0% (2) 0% (11) 63% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Rifampin 89% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 100% (2) 0% (11) 88% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Tetracycline 100% (10) 100% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 100% (2) 91% (11) 63% (8) 100% (1) 50% (6) 21% (24) Ticarcillin 100% (10) 0% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (10) 100% (1) 100% (2) 100% (1) 0% (2) 91% (11) 100% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24) Trimethoprim/ Sulphamethoxazole 100% (10) 0% (1) 0% (2) 100% (1) 50% (2) 91% (11) 63% (8) 100% (1) 100% (6) 100% (24)
3 Isolates resistant to oxacillin are interpreted as methicillin resistant.
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E-test 2009-2010 Susceptibility for anaerobic pathogens received at ISU VDL 2008-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
Amy Bact Clos Fus Pec Pes Prp Cefoxitin 92% (13) 90% (83) 83% (18) 90% (30) 100% (12) 91% (11) 92% (13) Clindamycin 100% (13) 80% (83) 83% (18) 97% (30) 92% (12) 100% (11) 100% (13) Metronidazole 77% (13) 96% (83) 94% (18) 100% (30) 100% (12) 100% (11) 77% (13) Penicillin 100% (13) 65% (83) 94% (18) 90% (30) 92% (12) 91% (11) 100% (13)
23 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Feline 2007-2010 Susceptibility profile of Feline pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2007-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
B bron E coli E fael E faem Ente K pneu P aer P mult Pseu S aur S can S pint Amikacin 100% (2) 100%(37) 29% (17) 25% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 100%(13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 0% (5) 100% (6) Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (2) 84% (37) 94% (17) 50% (4) 29% (7) 100% (1) 0% (13) 100% (5) 20% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Ampicillin 50% (2) 68% (37) 94% (17) 50% (4) 57% (7) 0% (1) 8% (13) 100% (5) 20% (5) 43% (7) 100% (5) 67% (6) Cefazolin 0% (2) 89% (37) 6% (17) 25% (4) 29% (7) 100% (1) 0% (13) 100% (5) 0% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Cefovecin ND 94% (16) 0% (13) 0% (2) 71% (7) 100% (1) 0% (10) 100% (4) 0% (5) 100% (4) 100% (3) 100% (2) Cefoxitin 0% (2) 89% (37) 6% (17) 0% (4) 29% (7) 100% (1) 0% (13) 100% (5) 40% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Cefpodoxime 0% (2) 86% (37) 18% (17) 0% (4) 71% (7) 100% (1) 0% (13) 100% (5) 0% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Ceftiofur 0% (2) 86% (37) 6% (17) 0% (4) 71% (7) 100% (1) 0% (13) 100% (5) 20% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Cephalothin 0% (2) 71% (21) 0% (4) 50% (2) ND ND 0% (3) 100% (1) ND 100% (3) 100% (2) 100% (4) Chloramphenicol 100% (2) 86% (37) 94% (17) 100% (4) 71% (7) 100% (1) 8% (13) 100% (5) 20% (5) 57% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Clindamycin 0% (2) 0% (37) 12% (17) 25% (4) 0% (7) 0% (1) 0% (13) 0% (5) 0% (5) 100% (7) 80% (5) 67% (6) Doxycycline ND 94% (16) 92% (13) 100% (2) 71% (7) 100% (1) 20% (10) 100% (4) 40% (5) 100% (4) 67% (3) 0% (2) Enrofloxacin 50% (2) 78% (37) 35% (17) 0% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 69% (13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 71% (7) 40% (5) 50% (6) Erythromycin 0% (2) 0% (37) 12% (17) 0% (4) 0% (7) 0% (1) 0% (13) 0% (5) 0% (5) 43% (7) 0% (5) 83% (6) Gentamicin 100% (2) 95% (37) 53% (17) 25% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 92% (13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 60% (5) 100% (6) Imipenem 100% (2) 100%(37) 94% (17) 50% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 100%(13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Marbofloxacin NI 89% (37) 55% (17) 0% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 100%(13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 67% (6) Orbifloxacin 100% (2) 90% (21) 0% (4) 0% (2) ND ND 33% (3) 100% (1) ND 100% (3) 0% (2) 75% (4) 3 Oxacillin NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 100% (7) NA 100% (6) Penicillin 0% (2) 0% (37) 94% (17) 50% (4) 0% (7) 0% (1) 0% (13) 60% (5) 0% (5) 43% (7) 100% (5) 67% (6) Rifampin 100% (2) 0% (37) 29% (17) 100% (4) NI NI 0% (13) NI NI NI NI 100% (6) Tetracycline 100% (2) 86% (21) 50% (4) 50% (2) ND ND 0% (3) 100% (1) ND 100% (3) 50% (2) 75% (4) Ticarcillin 100% (2) 70% (37) 18% (17) 25% (4) 71% (7) 0% (1) 92% (13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 100% (2) 86% (37) 18% (17) 25% (4) 71% (7) 100% (1) 92% (13) 100% (5) 100% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 100% (6) Trimethoprim/Sulphamethoxazole 50% (2) 92% (37) 88% (17) 100% (4) 86% (7) 100% (1) 15% (13) 100% (5) 80% (5) 100% (7) 100% (5) 67% (6)
3 Isolates resistant to oxacillin are interpreted as methicillin resistant.
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MDR 2008 - 2010 Susceptibility profile of Canine and Feline multidrug resistant5 pathogens received at ISU VDL 2008-2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
Abua E coli E fael E faem Ente P aer Pseu S pint Azithromycin 17% (6) 13% (39) 25% (4) 8% (13) 0% (4) 0% (28) 0% (3) 20% (25) Carbenicillin 0% (6) 3% (39) 0% (4) 0% (13) 25% (4) 11% (28) 33% (3) 16% (25) Ceftazidime 0% (6) 26% (39) 0% (4) 0% (13) 50% (4) 100% (28) 100% (3) 16% (25) Ciprofloxacin 17% (6) 10% (39) 0% (4) 8% (13) 50% (4) 93% (28) 67% (3) 20% (25) Doxycycline 17% (6) 3% (39) 75% (4) 46% (13) 25% (4) 0% (28) 0% (3) 68% (25) Imipenem 83% (6) 100% (39) 50% (4) 0% (13) 100% (4) 100% (28) 100% (3) 27% (25) Kanamycin 67% (6) 46% (39) 25% (4) 8% (13) 25% (4) 4% (28) 67% (3) 4% (25) Piperacillin 0% (6) 3% (39) 50% (4) 15% (13) 25% (4) 96% (28) 100% (3) 8% (25) Polymixin B 100% (6) 95% (39) 0% (4) 0% (13) 75% (4) 100% (28) 67% (3) 92% (25) Ticarcillin 17% (6) 5% (39) 0% (4) 0% (13) 25% (4) 82% (28) 33% (3) 20% (25) Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 17% (6) 5% (39) 0% (4) 0% (13) 25% (4) 86% (28) 33% (3) 20% (25) Tobramycin 67% (6) 53% (39) 50% (4) 0% (13) 25% (4) 96% (28) 100% (3) 48% (25)
5 Multidrug resistant isolates were found resistant to most classes of antimicrobial in the 1st round of testing. This table represents additional Disk Diffusion testing for those isolates.
25 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Porcine 2010 Susceptibility profile of Porcine pathogens received at ISU VDL in 2010 Data reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested)1
APP A suis B bron E coli Erys H ecol HPS Pmul A Pmul D Salm 2 Salm C12 S suis Ampicillin 78% (93) 98% (209) 27% (30) 27% (495) 93% (15) 21% (787) 100%(485) 99% (652) 99% (300) 32% (418) 60% (97) 99% (1081) Ceftiofur 100% (93) 100%(209) 0% (30) 62% (495) 93% (15) 60% (787) 100%(485) 100%(652) 100% (300) 80% (418) 80% (97) 100%(1081) Chlortetracycline 78% (93) 96% (209) 100% (30) 9% (495) 13% (15) 5% (787) 98% (485) 98% (652) 95% (300) 7% (418) 37% (97) 19% (1081) Clindamycin 0% (93) 0% (209) 0% (30) 0% (495) 60% (15) 0% (787) 4% (485) 0% (652) 0% (300) 0% (418) 0% (97) 28% (1081) Enrofloxacin 100% (93) 100%(209) 90% (30) 76% (495) 93% (15) 99% (787) 99% (485) 100%(652) 100% (300) 97% (418) 99% (97) 97% (1081) Florfenicol 99% (93) 100%(209) 57% (30) 8% (495) 40% (15) 14% (787) 100%(485) 100%(652) 100% (300) 4% (418) 31% (97) 100%(1081) Gentamicin 0% (93) 97% (209) 100% (30) 69% (495) 7% (15) 65% (787) 84% (485) 99% (652) 100% (300) 82% (418) 84% (97) 96% (1081) Neomycin 1% (93) 93% (209) 97% (30) 63% (495) 0% (15) 53% (787) 46% (485) 97% (652) 95% (300) 72% (418) 85% (97) 72% (1081) Oxytetracycline 13% (93) 73% (209) 100% (30) 8% (495) 13% (15) 4% (787) 93% (485) 28% (652) 59% (300) 7% (418) 37% (97) 5% (1081) Penicillin 18% (93) 0% (209) 0% (30) 0% (495) 87% (15) 0% (787) 22% (485) 90% (652) 93% (300) 0% (418) 0% (97) 88% (1081) Spectinomycin 2% (93) 0% (209) 0% (30) 1% (495) 73% (15) 0% (787) 38% (485) 1% (652) 1% (300) 0% (418) 0% (97) 8% (1081) Sulfadimethoxine 37% (93) 94% (209) 10% (30) 22% (495) 7% (15) 15% (787) 31% (485) 35% (652) 26% (300) 3% (418) 28% (97) 37% (1081) Tiamulin 96% (93) 95% (209) 0% (30) 0% (495) 67% (15) 1% (787) 95% (485) 80% (652) 37% (300) 0% (418) 1% (97) 93% (1081) Tilmicosin 85% (93) 96% (209) 23% (30) 0% (495) 80% (15) 0% (787) 92% (485) 95% (652) 40% (300) 0% (418) 0% (97) 30% (1081) Trimethoprim/ Sulphamethoxazole 3% (93) 100%(209) 43% (30) 65% (495) 53% (15) 71% (787) 96% (485) 0% (652) 0% (300) 86% (418) 90% (97) 98%(1081) Tulathromycin 84% (93) NI 100% (30) NI NI NI NI 99% (652) 99% (300) NI NI 0% (1081) Tylosin (Tartrate/Base) 2% (93) NI NI NI NI NI NI 1% (652) 0% (300) NI NI 0% (1081)
E coli Salm <=2 ug/ml >2 ug/ml <=2 ug/ml >2 ug/ml 4 Carabadox 76% (376) 24% (376) 66% (173) 34%(173)
2 See Salmonella serotype table on page 17 for most common serotypes isolated within each group
4 A result of <=2 ug/ml for Carbadox is a conservative indicator of bacterial inhibition by this antimicrobial agent. The result shown is based on pharmacokinetic research indicating an average Carbadox level of 4.5 mcg/ml in the small intestine of pigs fed a dose rate of 50 g/ton. (De Graff 1988).
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Key:
1 Data is reported as: % susceptible (# isolates tested) – not all bacteria isolated at ISU VDL have been tested for antimicrobial susceptibility 2 See Salmonella serotype table on page 17 for most common serotypes isolated within each group 3 Isolates resistant to oxacillin are interpreted as methicillin resistant. 4 A result of <=2 ug/ml for Carbadox is a conservative indicator of bacterial inhibition by this antimicrobial agent. The result shown is based on pharmacokinetic research indicating an average Carbadox level of 4.5 mcg/ml in the small intestine of pigs fed a dose rate of 50 g/ton. (De Graff 1988). 5 Multidrug resistant isolates were found resistant to most classes of antimicrobial in the 1st round of testing. This table represents additional Disk Diffusion testing for those isolates. NA Not applicable ND Not done NI No interpretation
A equ Actinobacillus equuli H ecol hemolytic E.coli S aur Staphylococcus aureus A suis Actinobacillus suis H som Histoplilus somni S beta Beta Streptococcus species Abua Acinetobacter species HPS Haemophilus parasuis S can Streptococcus canis Amy Actinomyces species K pneu Klebsiella pneumoniae S chol Salmonella choleraesuis APP Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae M bov Moraxella bovis S dysg Streptococcus dysgalactiae B bron Bordetella bronchiseptica M haem Mannheimia haemolytica S epi Staphylococcus epidermidis B tre Bibersteinia trehalosi (formerly Pasteurella trehalosi) P aer Pseudomonas aeruginosa S equi Streptococcus equi Bact Bacteriodes group P cab Pasteurella caballi S equs Streptococcus equisimillis C diff Clostridium difficile P mult Pasteurella multocida S pint Staph pseudintermedius C perf Clostridium perfringens Past Pasteurella species S suis Streptococcus suis Clos Clostridium species Pec Peptocococcus species S ube Streptococcus uberis E coli Escherichia coli Pes Peptostreptococcus species S zoo Streptococcus zooepidemicus E fael Enterococcus faecalis Pmul A Pasteurella multocida Type A Salm Salmonella species E faem Enterococcus faecium Pmul D Pasteurella multocida Type D Salm B Salmonella species group B Enc Enterococcus species Prot Proteus species Salm C1 Salmonella species group C1 Ente Enterobacter species Prp Propionibacterium species Salm C2 Salmonella species group C2 Erys Erysipelothrix Pseu Pseudomonas species Salm D Salmonella species group D Fus Fusobacterium R equ Rhodococcus equi Salm E Salmonella species group E G ana Gallibacterium anatis 27 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Chemistry/Toxicology Testing
Chemistry/Toxicology 5-year trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Aflatoxin - qualitative 2 23 6 11 10 7 Aflatoxin - qualitative M1 Liver 2 4 1 3 11 Aflatoxins ELISA 43 Ammonia Nitrogen 11 8 21 15 19 12 Antibiotics - Chlortetracycline - quant 79 81 140 83 93 78 Antibiotics - Lincomycin - quantitation 1 5 2 Antibiotics - Oxytetracycline - quant 8 5 6 6 2 5 Antibiotics - Penicillin - quantitation 1 5 6 3 18 8 Antibiotics - Tetracycline - quantitation 5 4 15 13 122 Antibiotics - Tylosin - quantitation 81 68 130 81 75 70 Anticoagulant - Brodifacoum - quant 1 6 Anticoagulant - Dicoumarol - quant 1 1 1 1 Anticoagulant - Diphacinone - quant 2 4 Anticoagulant - Warfarin - quantitation 1 Anticoagulant Panel 8 24 18 14 9 19 Arsenic in feed or tissue 15 10 7 16 12 18 Arsenic in fluids 1 3 7 Ash 1 13 11 Barbiturates 2 3 Bone Ash 2 27 22 16 8 73 Bone Density 2 16 19 12 4 69 Bovine liver trace mineral panel 66 Bovine serum trace mineral panel 50 Cadmium in feed or tissue 1 4 Caffeine 1 Calcium in feed or tissue 7 39 26 13 10 30 Calcium in serum, plasma, eye, water 23 2 1 3 2 Carbamate - individual - qualitative 1 1 Carbamate - individual - quantitation 5 3 Carbamate Panel 4 2 14 23 14 7 Carboxyhemoglobin 3 2 5 5 6 Chloride in feed or tissue 3 Chloride in fluids 22 1 7 2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Panel 3 2 2 3 Cholinesterase 21 26 34 91 65 35 CNS Canine Panel 7 5 2 2 Copper in blood 1 Copper in feed or tissue 104 170 185 156 167 32 Copper in liver biopsy 6 18 11 4 4 Copper in serum or water 44 58 132 27 23 19 Coumestrol - quantitation 2 3 1 Custom Chemistry 60 76 92 131 134 149 Cyanide 2 3 2 3 5 2 Ergopeptine Panel 9 9 12 6 9 1 Ethylene Glycol 5 2 17 5 3 3 Feed Particle Size 1 2 5 4 6 Fluoride 7 2 1 18 20 28 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Chemistry/Toxicology 5-year trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fluoride in tissue 4 2 2 2 Fumonisin B1 - qualitative 7 7 12 13 3 1 Fumonisins ELISA 1 5 GCMS Screen 4 Gossypol 5 1 2 Gossypol - quantitation 2 1 1 Hormonally active feed compounds panel 8 1 2 Iron in feed or tissue 3 25 28 26 20 3 Iron in liver biopsy 1 1 Iron in serum or water 28 89 48 14 10 10 Lasalocid - qualitative 12 5 15 16 14 2 Lead in blood or water 53 40 55 44 57 30 Lead in feed or tissue 47 34 36 36 64 44 Lead in paint 1 Magnesium in feed or tissue 1 7 1 2 1 Magnesium in fluids 29 2 1 3 Manganese in feed or tissue 6 57 92 75 11 Manganese in serum or water 5 1 14 2 2 Melengesterol Acetate - quantitation 1 2 8 5 12 9 Mercury in blood 1 1 2 Mercury in feed or tissue 1 6 2 3 Methemaglobin 28 5 Microtox Test 2 Moisture 13 15 71 94 34 22 Molybdenum in feed or tissue 2 8 4 3 1 Monensin - qualitative 19 12 76 34 20 19 Monensin - quantitation 10 9 22 17 8 3 Mycotoxin - individual - quantitation 22 30 21 32 90 31 Mycotoxin DDGS Panel 2 10 Mycotoxin ELISA Screen 1 - includes 2 mycotoxins 1 7 Mycotoxin ELISA Screen 2 - includes 3 mycotoxins 30 2 Mycotoxin ELISA Screen 3 - includes 4 mycotoxins 123 183 Mycotoxin Panel - includes 6 mycotoxins 61 96 132 73 153 61 Nitrates in feed 7 8 8 18 4 5 Nitrates in serum or eye fluid 23 7 43 27 36 25 Nitrite analysis 3 Nitrite or Nitrate in water 28 2 11 13 11 Ochratoxin - qualitative 1 1 6 Organophosphate – individual - qualitative 1 15 2 1 3 4 Organophosphate - quantitation 2 14 5 2 2 6 Organophosphate Panel 25 16 19 24 10 10 pH 38 8 8 12 20 13 Phenylarsonic compounds 1 Phosphorus in feed or tissue 6 37 16 12 8 33 Phosphorus in fluids 5 Porcine liver trace mineral panel 55
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Chemistry/Toxicology 5-year trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Potassium in fluids 3 2 Selenium in blood, serum or plasma 232 193 214 149 79 93 Selenium in tissue or feed 148 219 303 316 199 112 Slaframine 4 1 2 2 6 Sodium in feed or tissue 4 11 14 41 11 16 Sodium in fluids 23 1 2 6 Strychnine 3 8 1 2 Sulfa Drug Panel 1 4 Sulfate in feed 4 28 63 65 27 18 Sulfate in water 27 20 27 28 20 10 Sulfonamide - qualitative 3 3 T-2 toxin - qualitative 2 8 Total Dissolve Solids 1 3 2 1 Trace Mineral Panel in feed – includes 14 minerals 64 53 Trace Mineral Panel in serum or water - includes 10 minerals 131 221 Trace Mineral Panel in tissue - includes 14 minerals 287 376 Tremorgen panel 5 3 2 2 5 Urea 3 9 10 1 V9 mineral panel 49 26 58 29 12 Vitamin A acetate 1 Vitamin A in serum 5 13 14 9 14 59 Vitamin A palmitate in feed - quantitation 4 Vitamin A palmitate in liver - quantitation 2 4 14 4 6 11 Vitamin D3 in feed 11 10 1 6 4 Vitamin E acetate in feed - quantitation 7 1 3 11 25 8 Vitamin E in liver 116 127 235 Vitamin E in serum 207 108 289 71 66 400 Vitamin E in tissue 175 325 264 Vomitoxin - qualitative 2 9 2 25 29 17 Vomitoxin ELISA 3 18 Water Quality Panel 28 32 42 35 55 40 Zearalenone ELISA 1 10 Zearalenone/Zearalenol - qualitative 7 3 3 13 14 4 Zinc in feed or tissue 23 24 30 31 9 3 Zinc in liver biopsy 2 1 Zinc in serum or urine 7 9 17 10 7 4
2010 Toxicology diagnosis Bovine Canine Caprine Cervidae Equine Ovine Porcine Total Copper 1 6 7 Water deprivation - Sodium Ion Toxicosis 5 5 Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) 4 4 Organophosphate 1 1 2 Anticoagulant 1 1 Brodificoum 1 1 Japanese yew (Taxus sp) 1 1
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2010 Toxicology diagnosis Bovine Canine Caprine Cervidae Equine Ovine Porcine Total Lasalocid 1 1 Lead 1 1 Monensin 1 1 Nitrate 1 1 Strychnine 1 1 Zinc 1 1
Molecular and Viral Diagnostics
Molecular Trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2,009 2010
PCR 45,037 70,295 83,761 83,259 83,651 97,521 Clostridium perfringens genotyping 180 148 65 218 183 161 E. coli genotyping 406 366 226 881 731 618 PCR - Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 1 1 3 7 PCR - Avian influenza virus 496 1,270 1,545 1,173 2,163 PCR - Bovine Coronavirus 159 901 1,228 1,053 2,273 PCR - Brachyspira hyodysenteriae or B.pilosicoli 4 156 328 453 PCR - BRSV 844 100 160 245 164 240 PCR - BVDV fluid 204 505 379 255 368 150 PCR - BVDV genotyping 6 9 9 5 6 PCR - BVDV tissue/blood 193 479 331 229 60 363 PCR - Calf diarrhea panel testing 470 541 637 PCR - Canine distemper virus 4 9 3 22 PCR - Caprine herpesvirus 1 PCR - CSFV surveillance 299 2,170 443 1,214 1,155 PCR - Erysipelothrix 12 PCR - FMD surveillance 2 PCR - Haemophilus parasuis 95 112 110 267 475 584 PCR - IBR virus (bovine herpesvirus type 1) 34 169 PCR - Influenza A - NAHLN surveillance 42 48 PCR - Influenza A screen and subtype 6,581 1,570 4,464 PCR - Influenza HA gene 8 157 PCR - Influenza HA/NA gene subtyping 1 46 PCR - Influenza M gene differential 225 322 PCR - Influenza pH1N1 differential - NAHLN surveillance 9 PCR - Influenza type A NP gene 311 1,512 PCR - Lawsonia intracellularis 756 338 173 384 812 1,052 PCR - Leptospira 390 556 271 507 372 367 PCR - Leptospira hardjo-bovis 319 60 11 43 PCR - Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus 1 8 PCR - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne’s) 315 395 284
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Molecular Trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2,009 2010 PCR - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Johne’s pool 25 46 PCR - Mycoplasma bovis 79 386 399 387 PCR - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 2,261 3,676 2,422 4,339 6,344 4,472 PCR - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp165/mhp183) 4 PCR - Mycoplasma hyorhinis 108 774 PCR - Mycoplasma hyosynoviae 116 377 PCR - P. multocida toxin 36 25 18 45 34 5 PCR - PCV fluid 1,056 3,928 54 PCR - PCV ORF2 27 58 3 PCR - PCV tissue 85 754 207 PCR - PCV2 fluid 412 6,315 5,170 3,424 4,022 PCR - PCV2 tissue 54 861 511 386 412 PCR - pH1N1 differential - NAHLN surveillance 27 PCR - Porcine Circovirus 5 PCR - Porcine Parvovirus 112 152 246 269 262 603 PCR - Porcine Rotavirus 320 PCR - Porcine Teschovirus 47 66 55 49 PCR - PRRS in Semen (HATS) 3,311 5,081 4,282 3,366 2,709 1,728 PCR - PRRS in Serum (HATS) 1,769 8,535 13,667 7,361 8,088 4,351 PCR - PRRS in Swab (HATS) 1,541 6,698 7,590 9,846 12,933 6,633 PCR - PRRSV 16,652 PCR - PRRSV (HATS) 1,476 PCR - PRRSV fluid 22,346 23,365 23,664 26,757 25,853 PCR - PRRSV ORF5 42 28 1,156 1,301 3,077 PCR - PRRSV Tetra-Core 29,152 PCR - PRRSV tissue 4,651 6,038 8,197 8,196 5,718 3,286 PCR - PRRSV tissue Tetra-Core 30 PCR - Rabies 1 2 1 1 2 PCR - Salmonella spp 36 PCR - SIV 3,606 6,490 7,635 3,547 PCR - SIV HA gene 204 137 PCR - TGE/PRCV 848 950 1,300 1,251 1,068 1,170 PCR - Tritrichomonas foetus 169 457 PCR - WNV 21 8 40 12 9 9 PCR - unclassified 277 533 738 493 814 652 Quantitation 941 4,592 4,335 4,805 7,966 4,964 Quantitation - PCV2 22 2,763 2,501 2,521 2,620 Quantitation - PRRSV 112 1,557 2,289 5,419 2,331 Quantitation - unclassified 941 4,458 15 15 26 13 Sequencing and Analysis 874 1,399 1,598 1,341 1,368 2,625 Sequencing - Influenza HA gene 126 8 79 Sequencing - PCV ORF2 4 Sequencing - PCV2 224 21 12 3 Sequencing - PRRSV 764 1,173 1,184 1,256 2,543 Sequencing - SIV 63 171 5 92 Sequencing - unclassified 874 572 30 1
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Virology Trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Antigen ELISA 2,102 20,354 5,970 6,090 4,684 1,578 AgELISA - BVD virus 739 19,051 3,824 3,831 3,237 1,110 AgELISA - BVD virus modified 14 269 146 156 163 29 AgELISA - Influenza A virus 42 1 4 6 4 6 AgELISA - Parvovirus AgELISA 19 19 13 11 13 4 AgELISA - Type A Rotavirus 869 848 1,983 2,086 1,267 429 AgELISA - unclassified 419 166 Fluorescent antibody 712 728 740 556 469 317 FA - Border disease virus 3 FA - Bovine coronavirus 2 FA - Bovine herpesvirus type 1 71 87 51 13 FA - Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 10 6 3 FA - Bovine respiratory syncytial virus 4 10 FA - Bovine viral diarrhea virus 4 10 FA - Canine adenovirus 19 29 18 11 FA - Canine coronavirus 7 12 20 17 FA - Canine distemper 57 65 39 39 FA - Canine herpesvirus 44 46 39 24 FA - Canine parvovirus 64 76 98 91 FA - Encephalomyocarditis virus 1 5 4 FA - Equine herpesvirus type 1&4 27 21 18 11 FA - Equine herpesvirus type 3 13 1 FA - Feline calicivirus 21 15 7 6 FA - Feline coronavirus 1 1 FA - Feline herpesvirus 19 15 8 7 FA - Feline infectious peritonitis virus 22 7 3 2 FA - Feline parvovirus 19 12 8 4 FA - Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus 3 18 11 FA - Porcine parvovirus 41 19 21 23 FA - Pseudorabies virus 58 38 79 8 FA - TGE 12 2 3 1 FA - unclassified 712 728 234 76 28 40 Rabies 1,095 975 1,031 1,049 997 822 RFLP 26 17 4 4 Virus isolation 2,129 1,735 1,254 1,365 905 1,058 VI - Avian influenza virus 100 VI - Border disease 1 VI - Bovine viral diarrhea virus 157 383 140 156 VI - Canine adenovirus 2 VI - Canine distemper virus 2 VI - Canine herpesvirus 3 7 4 2
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VI - Encephalomyocarditis virus 2 7 6 VI - Equine herpesvirus type 1&4 9 5 7 VI - Equine influenza virus 1 2 VI - Feline calicivirus 1 3 1 1 VI - Feline herpesvirus 1 3 2 2 VI - Feline parvovirus 1 1 VI - IBR virus (BHV-1) 59 177 49 5 VI - Porcine circovirus type 1 1 VI - Porcine circovirus type 2 117 12 15 2 VI - Porcine enterovirus 23 14 19 7 VI - Porcine parvovirus 1 1 1 VI - Porcine respiratory coronavirus 3 VI - PRRS virus 317 258 307 333 VI - Pseudorabies virus 32 42 75 7 VI - Swine influenza virus 409 388 249 360 VI - unclassified 2,129 1,735 121 58 28 80 Virus propagation 51 8 5 13 10 Virus return 73 131 224 181 122 148
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Rabies
2010 Rabies accessions Positive Negative Inconclusive Unsuitable Total
Total 20 779 13 10 822 Skunk 10 12 1 2 25 Bat 7 212 1 1 221 Bovine 1 62 2 1 66 Canine 1 163 1 3 168 Feline 1 228 2 1 232 Caprine 3 3 Equine 13 13 Insectivora 3 3 Marsupial 4 4 Ovine 6 1 7 Porcine 1 1 Raccoon 51 2 1 54 Rodent 21 3 1 25
Rabies Positive Trends 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total rabies submissions 1,236 1095 975 1031 1049 997 822 Total positives 81 101 41 22 17 29 20 % positive 7% 9% 4% 2% 1.6% 3% 2% Number of positive animals Skunk 26 29 12 4 4 12 10 Bat 35 43 19 7 6 6 7 Feline 6 21 5 6 5 4 1 Bovine 9 6 2 1 4 1 Canine 5 2 2 4 1 2 1 Equine 1 1 1
2010 Rabies Accessions by month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Grand Total 48 31 54 56 68 99 74 154 68 55 64 51 822 Feline 15 12 10 16 15 20 29 37 21 18 24 15 232 Bat 11 5 10 7 14 38 17 72 16 9 9 13 221 Canine 9 9 11 17 17 17 13 26 12 17 11 9 168 Bovine 8 4 10 14 9 3 3 6 1 2 6 66 Raccoon 2 2 11 1 4 7 5 3 3 3 11 2 54 Rodent 1 4 2 1 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 25 Skunk 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 25 Equine 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 13 Ovine 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 Marsupial 1 1 1 1 4 Caprine 2 1 3 Insectivora 1 1 1 3 Porcine 1 1
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Pathology Testing
Pathology Trends 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Biopsy Hematoxylin and Eosin Slides 1,296 1,225 1,231 1,202 1,175 995 Hematoxylin and Eosin Slides 34,701 40,342 40,811 36,702 33,123 35,175 Fecal Flotation 307 316 301 241 356 428 Immunohistochemistry IHC - BVD PI Biopsy 38,184 36,901 55,215 50,495 34,688 29,794 IHC - Bovine 1,752 2,900 1,931 1,602 2,068 IHC - Porcine 13,043 19,020 12,576 9,696 8,049 IHC - Unclassified 17,061 5,472 1,062 1,469 1,512 1,002 Necropsy 2,360 1,174 2,696 2,758 2,359 5,716 Parasite identification 9 6 15 11 8 61 Special Stains 234 420 843 476 223 448 Block charge 1,552 Disposal 6 Euthanasia 20 Other 20
Serology Testing
Serology 5-yr Trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Anaplasma cELISA 1,495 5,965 11,454 11,117 7,040 10,394 Anaplasma marginale CARD 1,383 332 22 3 Anaplasma marginale CF 807 768 553 499 541 498 APP ApxIV Elisa 705 233 APP CF screen (no serotyping) 9,206 7,282 5,667 22,146 10,228 5,401 APP CF serotype 1 only 73 4 11 5 5 APP CF serotype 157 432 577 130 15 1 15 APP CF serotype 3 only 3,958 2,347 2,569 18,688 7,522 3,641 APP CF serotype 5 only 20 78 11 48 6 APP CF serotype 7 only 143 186 81 3 4 APP Mix ELISA Screen 76 Avian influenza AGID 88 27,691 33,127 22,752 17,978 18,739 Avian influenza ELISA 98 766 481 926 573 626 Avian Pneumovirus ELISA 6,217 7,613 4,367 358 81 15 Baculovirus ELISA 1,300 Bluetongue virus AGID 677 735 1,024 589 503 950 Bluetongue virus cELISA 124 218 221 165 Bovine coronavirus IFA 3 Bovine leukemia virus AGID 2,861 9,190 15,205 13,539 8,578 13,102 Bovine leukemia virus ELISA 131 37 BRSV VN 564 794 586 443 173 800 Brucella BAPA SCREEN 1,626 7,115 19,608 25,798 12,864 16,900 Brucella canis RSAT 1,507 957 404 427 1,290 694 Brucella CARD test 3,114 3,127 4,388 6,413 4,244 5,507 Brucella RAP 5,685 7,188 2,845 212 75 4
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Serology 5-yr Trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Brucella RIV 167 444 214 206 33 56 Brucella SPT 464 492 745 638 655 691 Brucella STT 1,258 1,435 2,230 4,614 2,070 1,446 BVD antigen ELISA (PI) 3,850 BVD antigen ELISA (PI) mod 149 BVD type 1 VN 2,329 2,411 2,416 2,775 2,019 4,176 BVD type 2 VN 1,952 2,028 1,948 1,863 1,186 2,588 Canine herpesvirus VN 61 19 2 16 16 Canine influenza virus H3N8 HI 25 525 Caprine arthritis encephalitis AGID 307 646 387 149 185 199 Caprine arthritis encephalitis cELISA 534 EHD virus AGID 597 630 611 574 469 525 EIA virus AGID 4,971 2,595 2,153 1,776 1,459 1,620 EIA virus ELISA 210 2,378 2,361 2,268 2,322 2,306 Feline leukemia virus ELISA 6 Hemophilus somnus CF 369 295 302 185 94 169 IBR (BHV-1) VN 1,850 1,894 1,649 2,029 1,211 1,703 Influenza Pandemic H1N1 virus 0 81 Johne’s (bovine) CF 496 690 521 486 410 442 Johne’s (bovine) ELISA 10,350 21,075 25,938 23,092 15,228 16,458 Johne’s (ovine) AGID 186 124 550 53 93 42 Lawsonia intracellularis ELISA 661 990 Leptospira 5 MAT 2,945 2,746 2,679 3,093 1,667 1,973 Leptospira 6 MAT 5,797 4,501 3,466 3,765 2,309 1,833 Leptospira australis MAT 343 285 288 355 276 317 Leptospira autumnalis MAT 3 1 28 90 54 28 Leptospira ballum MAT 337 285 288 355 276 316 Leptospira bratislava MAT 28 142 107 364 35 28 Leptospira canicola MAT 1 65 63 108 Leptospira grippotyphosa MAT 1 89 1 Leptospira hardjo MAT 1,150 135 647 593 25 Leptospira hebdomadi MAT 10 Leptospira ictero MAT 1 65 18 Leptospira pomona MAT 155 5 25 Leptospira sejroe MAT 462 285 291 739 276 316 Leptospira tarassovi MAT 428 285 288 355 276 316 M hyopneumoniae CF 13 12 166 M hyopneumoniae DAKO ELISA 2,018 2,492 2,950 12,008 12,663 5,027 M hyopneumoniae ELISA 25,956 30,246 29,162 27,637 22,752 31,165 M hyopneumoniaeTween 20 4,251 8,046 9,739 Neospora caninum ELISA 906 6,097 11,769 10,040 5,230 57 Neospora caninum VMRD cELISA 37 8,458 Ovine progressive pneumonia AGID 93 93 60 31 72 75 Parainfluenza 3 Virus VN 459 752 602 358 95 460 PCV 2 - 4 dilution 4,100 4,051 4,935 PCV 2 - cELISA 1,501 22,520 36,522 9,376 PCV 2 - Differential ELISA 12,453 8,529 5 PCV 2 - ELISA 10,043 10,964 8,807 PCV 2 - FFN 605 242 787 90 PCV 2 - IFA endpoint titration 183 81 1,358 38 ISU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Serology 5-yr Trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 PCV 2 - IFA screen 3,685 6,296 3,574 934 78 PCV 2 - IFA titer 161 98 1,557 1,787 PCV 2 - IgG Elisa 48 PCV 2 - IgM Elisa 426 PPV HI 4,292 5,791 3,989 3,000 2,644 1,625 PRRS ELISA 153,916 351,677 157,031 146,489 119,150 33,588 PRRS ELISA (meat juice surveillance) 27,993 96,770 PRRSX3 virus ELISA 90,045 PRRS FFN 468 331 444 325 181 6 PRRS Homologous IFA North American 240 PRRS Homologous IFA titration North American 4 PRRS IFA 4,495 2,827 2,919 606 PRRS IFA European 1,435 1,738 1,616 1,379 2,491 2,906 PRRS IFA North American 1,456 3,015 3,828 PRRS IFA titration 1 1 PRRS IFA titration North American 3 3 PRRS Oral Fluid Antibody 1,883 1,922 PRV ALA SCREEN 539 1,803 1,773 2,114 1,978 1,466 PRV ELISA SCREEN 2,692 796 PRV g1 ELISA 304,344 299,816 178,017 83,115 23,663 15,508 PRV gB ELISA SCREEN 0 765 1,900 1,467 2,269 PRV VN 1,844 2,813 2,938 5,497 4,718 4,156 PRVgB ELISA SCREEN 2,418 PRVgB ELISA SCREEN NAHLN surveillance 9,631 Pullorum - typhoid AGG 7 57 32 333 1 Swine influenza virus (Homologous) HI 380 82 46 188 Swine influenza virus H1 XP-012 (gamma) HI 2,398 1,499 Swine influenza virus H1 XP-031 (delta) HI 528 256 Swine influenza virus H1N1 Elisa 3,246 18,349 15,579 12,301 9,425 6,919 Swine influenza virus H1N1 HI 15,045 191 20 Swine influenza virus H1N1 HI (31) Pfizer 99 83 Swine influenza virus H1N1 HI (73) 8 106 114 Swine influenza virus H1N1 HI (99) 9,112 23,899 13,193 8,006 5,946 6,789 Swine influenza virus H1N1 HI Pfizer 12,045 7,967 4,850 3,025 1,121 Swine influenza virus H1N2 Human like 2007013281 258 1,098 Swine influenza virus H3 XP-069 (Clus 4) HI 195 Swine influenza virus H3N2 Elisa 1,310 7,206 8,659 8,078 7,158 5,571 Swine influenza virus H3N2 HI 52,412 43,853 22,606 6,430 Swine influenza virus H3N2 HI C1/3 7,035 4,965 1,182 Swine influenza virus H3N2 HI C4 3,429 5,741 Swine influenza virus H3N2 HI C4 2007013431 99 793 Swine influenza virus NP Elisa 5 968 1,490 4,069 11,698 Swine influenza virus NS1 Elisa 47 155 Swine influenza virus Pandemic H1N1 virus 879
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Serology 5-yr Trend 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 TGE virus VN 1,906 1,659 2,213 7,475 3,335 1,399 TGE/PRCV 8,344 11,824 14,968 13,530 TGE/PRCV Heated 8,976 10,349 Toxoplasma gondii ELISA 74,659 Toxoplasma LAT 474 340 420 235 548 992 Trichinella spiralis ELISA 74,708 VS virus Indiana strain VN 1,466 1,642 1,951 1,442 1,834 3,017 VS virus New Jersey strain VN 1,466 1,643 1,950 1,442 1,835 2,996 West Nile Virus Capture IgM ELISA 80 71 69 43 56 30
Honors and Awards
Honors and Awards Received in 2010 Gauger, Phil American College of Veterinary Microbiologists Awards – In Vivo Presentation, CRWAD, 2010 Halbur, Patrick Recent mentee and concurrent degree graduate student Dr. Marlin Hoogland was awarded the 2011 Young Veterinarian of the Year Award at the 2011 AASV Meeting. Kinyon, Joann Employee of the Year - CVM Madson, Darin Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Pathologist (Anatomic) Schwartz, Kent 2010 CVM Faculty of the year Strait, Erin Cassandra Roe, summer scholar in my laboratory received a $1500 scholarship for her presentation at the AASV 2010 student seminar competition. Nyssa Levy, summer scholar, was selected to present her project as a poster at AASV 2010.
Refereed Publications
Bangari DS, Pogranichniy RM, Gillespie T, Stevenson GW. 2010. Genotyping of porcine teschovirus from nervous tissue of pigs with and without poliomyelitis in Indiana. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 22:594-597. Beach NM, Ramamoorthy S, Opriessnig T, Wu S, Meng XJ. 2011. Novel chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) with the capsid gene of the emerging PCV2b subtype cloned in the genomic backbone of the non-pathogenic PCV1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective and cross-protective immunity against PCV2b and PCV2a subtypes in pigs. Vaccine. 29:221-232. Bender JS, Schwartz KJ, Irwin CK, Opriessnig T. 2011. Erysipelothrix spp. genotypes, serotypes, and surface protective antigen types associated with abattoir condemnations. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 23 139-142. Bender JS, Shen HG, Irwin CK, Schwartz KJ, Opriessnig T. 2010. Characterization of Erysipelothrix species isolates from clinically affected pigs, environmental samples and vaccine strains from six recent swine erysipelas outbreaks in the United States. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 17:1605- 1611.
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Chang C-C, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ. 2010. Persistent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs does not require significant genetic change. Journal of Swine Health and Production. 17:318-324. Cho YI, Kim WI, Lui S, Kinyon JM, Yoon KJ. Development of a panel of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of major agents causing calf diarrhea in feces. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2010 July; 22(4) 509-17. Ciacci-Zanella JR, Vincent AL, Prickett JR, Zimmerman SM, Zimmerman JJ. 2010. Detection of anti- influenza A nucleoprotein antibodies in pigs using a commercial influenza epitope blocking ELISA developed for avian species. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 22:3-9. Clothier KA, Jordan DM, Thompson CJ, Kinyon JM, Frana TS, Strait EL. Mycoplasma bovis real-time polymerase chain reaction assay validation and diagnostic performance. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 2010 Nov 22 (6) 956-60. Clothier KA, Kinyon JM, Frana TS. Comparison of Salmonella serovar isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns from porcine samples between 2003 and 2008. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2010 Jul; 22 (4): 578-82. Cooper VL, Brodersen BW. 2010. Bovine Respiratory Disease Diagnostics. 2010 In Veterinary Clinics of North America. Volume 26 No. 2 July Gauger PC, Patterson AR, Kim WI, Stecker KA, Madson DM, Loynachan AT: An outbreak of porcine malignant catarrhal fever in farrow-to-finish swine in the United States. Journal of Swine Health Production. 18(5):244-248, 2010 Harmon K, Bower L, Kim W-I, Pentella M, Yoon K-J. 2010. A matrix-gene based multiplex real-time RT- PCR for detection and differentiation of 2009 pandemic H1N1 and other influenza A viruses in North America. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4:405-410. Heil GL, McCarthy T, Yoon K-J, Liu S, Darwish M, Smith CB, Houck JA, Dawson ED, Rowlen KL, Gray GC. 2010. Mchip, a low density microarray, differentiates among seasonal human H1N1, North American swine H1N1, and the 2009 pandemic H1N1. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4:411-416. Holtkamp DJ, Polson DD, Torremorell M, Morrison R, Classen D, Becton L, Henry S, Rodibaugh M, Rowland RR, Snelson H, Straw B, Yeske P, Zimmerman J. 2011. Terminology for classifying swine herds by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus status. Journal of Swine Health Production 19:44-56. Irwin CK, O’Connor AM, Yoon KJ, Wang C, Hoff SJ, Denagamage T. 2011. Using the systematic review methodology to evaluate factors that influence the persistence of influenza in environmental matrices. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77(3):1049-1060 [EPUB ahead of print (Dec 2010)] Jacobs AC, Hermann JR, Muñoz-Zanzi C, Prickett JR, Roof MB, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ. 2010. Stability of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at ambient temperatures. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 22:257-260. Jarvinen JA, Kinyon JM. Preputial microflora of llamas (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Small Ruminant Research. Volume 90, Issues 1-3, May 2010. Pg 156-160. Juhan NM, LeRoith T, Opriessnig T, Meng XJ. 2010. The open reading frame 3 (ORF3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is dispensable for virus infection but evidence of reduced pathogenicity is limited in pigs infected by an ORF3-null PCV2 mutant. Virus Research. 147:60-66. Kittawornrat A, Prickett J, Chittick W, Wang C, Engle M, Johnson J, Patnayak D, Schwartz T, Whitney D, Olsen C, Schwartz K, Zimmerman J. (2010). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum and oral fluid samples from individual boars: Will oral fluid replace serum for PRRSV surveillance? Virus Research 154(1-2):170-176. Langohr IM, Stevenson GW, Nelson EA, Lenz SD, HogenEsch H, Wei H, Pogranichniy RM. 2010. Vascular lesions in pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup B. Veterinary Pathology. 47:140-147. Lunney JK, Fritz ER, Reecy JM, Kuhar D, Prucnal E, Molina R, Christopher-Hennings J, Zimmerman J, Rowland RRR. 2010. Interleukin-8, interleukin 1β and interferon-γ levels are linked to PRRS virus clearance. Viral Immunology 23:127-134. Ma W, Lager KM, Lekcharoensuk P, Ulery ES, Janke BH, Solorzano A, Webby RJ, Garcia-Sastre A, Richt JA. 2010. Viral reassortment and transmission after co-infection of pigs with classical H1N1 and triple- reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Journal of General Virology. 91:2314-21.
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Ma W, Vincent AL, Lager KM, Janke BH, Henry SC, Rowland RR, Hesse RA, Richt JA. 2010. Identification and characterization of a highly virulent triple reassortant H1N1 influenza virus in the United States. Virus Genes 40(1):28-36. Meiszberg A, Karriker L, Zimmerman J, Irwin C, Coetzee J. Detection of ceftiofur and oxytetracycline in oral fluids of swine with a pen-side competitive ELISA test after intramuscular injection. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Article first published online: 28 DEC 2010, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01259. Opriessnig T, Bender JS, Halbur PG. 2010. Development and validation of an immunohistochemical method for the rapid diagnosis of swine erysipelas in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 22:86-90. Opriessnig T, Madson DM, Roof M, Layton S, Ramamoorthy S, Meng XJ, Halbur PG: Experimental reproduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated enteritis in pigs infected with PCV2 alone or concurrently with Lawsonia intracellularis or Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of Comparative Pathology. Available in PubMed, 2011. Opriessnig T, Patterson AR, Madson DM, Pal N, Ramamoorthy S, Meng XJ, Halbur PG. 2010. Comparison of the efficacy of passive (dam) versus active (piglet) vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and impact of passively-derived PCV2 vaccine-induced antibodies on vaccination. Veterinary Microbiology. 142:177-183, Opriessnig T, Prickett JR, Madson DM, Shen HG, Juhan NM, Pogranichniy RM, Meng XJ, Halbur PG. 2010. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: Virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pig. Veterinary Research.5-6;41(3):31 Epub. 2010 Jan 18. 134. Osweiler GD, Jagannatha S, Trampel DW, Imerman PM, Ensley SM, Yoon I, and Moore DT. Evaluation of XPC and prototypes on aflatoxin-challenged broilers. Poultry Science 89:1887-1893, 2010. Pal N, Bender JS, Opriessnig T. 2010. Rapid detection and differentiation of Erysipelothrix spp. by a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 108:1083–1093. Pal N, Baker R, Schalk S, Scobie L, Tucker AW and Opriessnig T. Detection of porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) viremia in diseased versus healthy US pigs by quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2011 (Early View online Mar. 13, 2011) Patterson AR, Madson DM, Opriessnig T: Efficacy of experimentally-produced spray-dried plasma on infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Journal of Animal Science. 88(12):4078-4085, 2010. Patterson AR, Opriessnig T. 2010. Epidemiology and horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Animal Health Research Reviews. 11:217-234. Patterson AR, Baker RB, Madson DM, Dixon PM, Opriessnig T. Evaluation of disinfection protocols for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) contaminated livestock transport vehicles. Swine Health and Production. 2011 (In process). Patterson AR, Ramamoorthy S, Madson DM, Meng XJ, Halbur PG, Opriessnig T. 2011. Shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) after experimental infection. Veterinary Microbiology. 149:225-229, 2011. Pena L,Vincent AL, Ye J, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Angel M, Lorusso A, Gauger PC, Janke BH, Loving CL, Perez DR. 2011. Modifications in the polymerase genes of a swine-like triple reassortant influenza virus to generate live attenuated vaccines against 2009 pandemic H1N1 Viruses. Journal of Virology. 85(1):456-469. Prickett JR, Cutler S, Kinyon J, Naberhaus N, Stensland WR, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ. 2010. Stability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) diagnostic targets in swine oral fluid samples. Journal of Swine Health and Production. 18(4):187-195. Prickett JR, Johnson J, Stone S, Murtaugh M, Puvanendiran S, Wang C, Zimmerman JJ, Opriessnig T. 2011. Prolonged detection of PCV2 and anti-PCV2 antibody in oral fluids following experimental inoculation. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. Available online. Prickett JR, Zimmerman JJ. 2010. The development of oral fluid-based diagnostics and applications in veterinary medicine. Animal Health Research Reviews 11:207-216. Quao D, Janke BH, Elankumaran S. 2010. Complete genome sequence and pathogenicity of two swine parainfluenzavirus 3 isolates from pigs in the United States. Journal of Virology. 84(2):686-94. Ramamoorthy S, Opriessnig T, Pal N, Huang FF, Meng XJ. 2011. Effect of an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) mutant of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on PCV2-induced pathological lesions in a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) co-infection model. Veterinary Microbiology. 147:49-58, 2011.
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Seiler BM, Yoon KJ, Andreasen CB, Block SM, Marsden S, Blitvich BJ. 2010. Antibodies to influenza A virus (H1 and H3) in companion animals in Iowa. Veterinary Microbiology 167(18):705-707. Shen HG, Beach NM, Huang YW, Halbur PG, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T. 2010. Comparison of commercial and experimental porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines using a triple challenge with PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV). Vaccine. 28:5960-5966. Shen HG, Bender JS, Opriessnig T. 2010. Identification of surface protective antigen (spa) types in Erysipelothrix reference strains and diagnostic samples by spa multiplex real-time and conventional PCR assays. Journal of Applied Microbiology.109:1227-1233. Shen HG, Schalk S, Halbur PG, Campbell J, Russell L, Opriessnig T. 2011. Commercially produced spray dried porcine plasma contains high levels of PCV2 DNA but did not transmit PCV2 when fed to naïve pigs. Journal of Animal Science. Available online. Shen HG, Wang C, Madson DM, Opriessnig T. 2010. High prevalence of porcine circovirus viremia in newborn piglets in five clinically normal swine breeding herds in North America. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 97:228-236. Sinha A, Schalk S, Lager KM, Wang C, Opriessnig T. 2011. Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs. Research in Veterinary Science. Available online. Sinha A, Shen HG, Schalk S, Beach NM, Huang YW, Halbur PG, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T. 2010. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection at the time of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination has no impact on vaccine efficacy. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 17:19040- 194. Sinha A, Schalk S, Lager K M, Wang C, Opriessnig T. (2010) Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes 3 in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs. Research in Veterinary Science. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.10.013. Sponseller B, Strait E, Jergens A, Trujillo J, Harmon K, Koster L, Jenkins-Moore M, Killian M, Swenson S, Bender H, Waller K, Miles K, Pearce T, Yoon K-J, Nara P. 2010. 2009 Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a domestic cat. Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16:534-537. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/3/534.htm. Sun X, Sui H, Fisher JT, Yan Z, Liu X, Cho H-J, Joo NS, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Yi Y, Kinyon JM, Lei-Butters DC, Griffin MA, Naumann PI, Luo M, Ascher J, Wang K, Frana TF, and Engelhardt JF. (2010). Disease phenotype of a ferret CFTR knockout model of cystic fibrosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120(9):3149-60. Tatjana Lazic, Milan Matic, Jack M. Gallup, Albert Van Geelen, David K. Meyerholz, Branka Grubor, Paula M. Imerman, Marcia M.M.A. de-Macedo and Mark R. Ackermann 2010. Effects of nicotine on pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D in ovine lung epithelia. Pediatric Pulmonology. 45:255-262. Tiawsirisup S, Blitvich BJ, Tucker BJ, Halbur PG, Bartholomay LC, Rowley WA, Platt KB. Susceptibility of Fox Squirrels (Sciurus niger) to West Nile Virus by Oral Exposure. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 10(2):207-209, 2010. Vincent A, Lager KM, Faaberg KS, Harland M, Zanella EL, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Kehrli ME, Janke BH, Klimov A. 2010. Experimental inoculation of pigs with pandemic H1N1 2009 virus and HI cross- reactivity with contemporary swine influenza virus antisera. Influenza Other Respiratory Viruses 4(2):53-60. Vincent AL, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Lorusso A, Gauger PC, Zanella EL, Kehrli ME, Janke BH, Lager KM. 2010. Efficacy of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccines against the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza virus in pigs. Vaccine. 28(15):2782-7. Wei H, Lenz SD, Van Alstine WG, Stevenson GW, Langohr IM, Pogranichniy RM. 2010. Infection of cesarean-derived colostrums-deprived pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza. Complementary Medicine Journal 60:45-50. Zhang H, Lunney JK, Baker RB, Opriessnig T. 2011. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected or coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 140:152-158.
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Glossary
AgELISA Antigen-capture ELISA AGG Agglutination AGID Agar gel immunodiffusion AIV Avian influenza virus ALA Automated latex agglutination BAPA Buffered acidified plate antigen test BRSV Bovine respiratory syncytial virus BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BVDV Bovine viral diarrhea virus cELISA Competitive (blocking) ELISA CF Complement fixation CSF Classical Swine Fever EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetate ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EM Electron microscopy FA Fluorescent antibody FAD Foreign Animal Diseases FADDL Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (USDA) FATS Fluorescent antibody tissue section FFN Fluorescent focus neutralization FSVS Food Supply Veterinary Services HI Hemagglutination inhibition IBT Immunoblot assay IFA Indirect fluorescent antibody IHC Immunohistochemistry IPT Immunoperoxidase test LAT Latex agglutination Mab Monoclonal antibody MAT Microscopic agglutination test NADC National Animal Disease Center (USDA:ARS) NVSL National Veterinary Services Laboratories (USDA:APHIS) PAM Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University PCFIA Particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay PCR Polymerase chain reaction PCV Porcine circovirus PI Persistent infection PPV Porcine parvovirus PRCV Porcine respiratory coronavirus PRRS virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus PRV Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease) virus RAP Rapid automated presumptive test RFLP Restriction fragment length polymorphism RIV Rivanol precipitation – plate agglutination test RSAT Rapid slide agglutination test SIV Swine influenza virus SPT Standard plate agglutination test STT Standard tube agglutination test TGEV Transmissible gastroenteritis virus VDL Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University VDPAM Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine VI Virus isolation VME Veterinary Medicine Extension, Iowa State University VMRI Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Iowa State University VN Serum-virus neutralization
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