CHUECHYARD F CURRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 7 D 21 AN .,

I. NOTES ON THE CHURCHYARDS OF , KIRKNEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. BY ALAN REID, F.S.A. SCOT. (Wmi PHOTOGRAPH JAMEY B S S MOFFAT.) CURRIE. e earliesTh t recore ancienth f do t churc f Killeitho h dates from 1296. than I t year, William, Archdeaco Lothianf no parsod e churcan th , f no h of Keldeleth, swore fealty to Edward I. ; and, from a tascatio of that monarch's reign leare w , n that this church, whic s dedicatewa ht S o t d Kentigern marks0 rates 5 pertainet d wa ,d a an , Priore th Coldingo f dt yo - ham. Till the Reformation, Killeith was regarded as the appropriate benefice of the Archdeaconry of Lothian, changing its status with its name, when, in 1584, James VI. granted to the newly founded college of the vicarage of Currie, with all its endowments. Through this transference the Town Council of Edinburgh became the patrons of the parish, which during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was variously styled Killeith and Currie. Erro arises ha r n fro assumptioe mth n thae ancienth t t Killeith—now Kinleith—an e lateth d r Currie were distinc d separatan t e places. There is not the slightest foundation for that opinion, and within the churchyar f Currido e there remain s clearessit t refutation. e Herth e ear picturesque n ecclesiasticaruina f o s l building, interesting historically architecturallyd an venerabld an , e enoug o determinht e th e sit f th eo e church which, though it changed its name, can only most unreasonably be charged with changing its local habitation. This mediaeval fragment undoubtedly forme e anciene choith dth f o r t churc f Killeitho h r Fo . many generation bees ha n t si a placuse s s historf buriala it do e d yan , shows that at a dark period it was the reputed haunt of witches, serving at another time as the school of Currie parish. Its vaulted roof was a source of trouble to the heritors, who were repeatedly charged for its repair. In 1778, they appointed "the upper arch of the Quire to be taken down by day's wages, and the lower arch to stand as it is." Further, that " the lower arch of the Quire be covered by the flag stones, 218 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 190612 H .

wit propeha r gate int e Quire,oth a "deliveranc e whic n onlca hy mean tha buildine th t originalls gwa y coveren oute a innen a d ry an rdb vault - ing, .the latter roofed with slabs, as at . Presumably the inner arch proved unfi carro t t burdee yth n thus imposedd upoan , nit soon the structure became the roofless ruin which now we see. From instructions give buildere 178n ni th e presen o th 4t f so t parish

Fig. 1. Remains of ancient Church at Currie.

church gathee w , r tha e ancienth t t sanctuar n exceptionalla s ywa y long d narroan w structure e ruineTh . d choir measure 1 fee 3 n lengthsi t , 23 feet in breadth, the ivy-clad walls being 9 feet in height and inche3 3 thicknessn si . Repairs have obliterated nearly every detaif o l ancient work, but the exterior of the south wall shows two remarkable features, a door and a window, built up, but clearly traceable. These have arched lintels hewn from single stones s e showmeasurea ,th n i n d CHURCHYARDS OF CURRIE, KIRKNEWTON, AND THE CALDKRS. 219

drawing (fig ) prepare1 . r JohM ny d b Watson , F.S.A. Scot. assigno wh , s wore perioa th o kt t late dno r tha fifteente nth h centurye th sile f lo Th . window is now level with the ground outside, and only 3 feet 6 inches of doorwae th thers yi e visible. Investigatio difficuls ni t through elaborate pointing and the growth of ivy, but it is fairly obvious that the window was splayed towards the interior, and quite clear that both openings are chamfered round ther exterior angles. Mr . RLangwillB . contributeo wh , d interesting annals father'hi f o s s parish to the local supplement of Life and Worlc, observes : " Under- neath the pathway to the west of the ' quire,' are traces of masonry showing that the north and south walls are continued in that direction." These foundations point to transeptal buildings, and regarding the built- up door and window Mr Langwill speculates: "Adjoining the 'quire' on the south side, and communicating with it by means of the little doorway already mentioned, there may have been a small chapel or confessional." The idea is attractive, but it is not supported by constructive evidences. The chamfering of the angles points not to interior but to exterior condi- tions, and the splaying of the window further supports that view. Thus windoe e choith th simplf s ro e doo 'lightswwa e th meana ryon d an , f so entranc exi d thosr ean fo t offician ei l positions casey an , n thiI .s remnant is of remarkable interest, and worthy of attention, study, and preservation. Within this enclosure are a number of mural tombstones, the most important of which dates from 1670, and bears the following inscription in Latin:— HIC SEPVLTVE G T SES NEROSVS IUVENIS KOBE RTVS CLYHILLEVS FILIV S PRIMOGENITVS DOMI NI DE INNERGOWRIE QVI HgC ACCEDEN AVT SV U NCVLVM INVISEREV TH LOCS JV I PASTOREM FATALV EEBRE CORREPTVS 13 AGUSTI ANNO SALVTIS 167C 0A ETATIS SV. OCCVBUI1 E2 T 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906.

Kobert Clayhills, eldest son of the Laird of Invergowrie, near Dundee, is commemorated here. He died of fever in his 21st year, while on a visit to his uncle, the minister of Currie. Some of the details of this mural monument (fig ) havn goo2 i . e mais ei d th sufferedt i nn i t bu ,

Invergowrie Th Fig . 2 . e Tombstone. preservation, and of pleasing character. The winged cherub head is particularly good, and the mouldings are excellently wrought. This tablet shows the only armorial bearings to be seen at Currie, most of the neighbouring estates having place f familso y burial. The most imposing monument in this churchyard is that of the Rev. Matthew Leighton, an old minister of the parish, and the son of its first CHURCHYARD F CURRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 1 D 22 AN .,

post-Keformation cleric. It is a lofty structure of classic style, and also bear Latisa n inscription well worth record:f yo — MATTILEUS LIGHTONIUS SEPULTVS EST EVANGELI QUI PR^DICANDI MUNERE .ESTATIBUS 1UAMPLURAMIS PERFUNCTUS EST FIDELITER NUNC VITA 1TJOD PR^ECONIO RESPONDERIT FRUISCITUR QUAM PR^EDICABAT GLORIAM Freoly translated, this epitaph records that Matthew Leightos i n buried here, who performed faithfully the duty of preaching the Gospel, fomans a r y summer possibles sa enjoye h life thad w th esan , no t which preachins hi n i promised,e gh glore th yd whican proclaimede hh . Very evidently this tomb was originally more elegant than now appears, for it collapsed during repairs, consequent on the removal of the old southern wall to which it was attached, and was rebuilt from memory by a local mason. Nearly in the centre of the ground, and in line with the east gable of e Leightoe churcth th d an h n monument, stand a smemoria f 170o l 0 (fig, whic3) . h shows several quain unusuad an t l features. Whimsicalf i , not humorous in feeling, are the lines disposed round an initialled oval panel r thefo , y serve admirabl s d legarma devica y an so t s e whose effec crownes i t e whiskereth y db d face, presumably e tenane th th f f o ,o t tomb. Under this shield, which is on the west face of the stone, is the inscription—" Heir Lyes John Ingles Husban Jeao t d n Moubrao yWh f Novembeo 0 Dye1 years. 9 e 6 ease dth e rTh t 170"ag fac s 0ehi shows the cherub-head winged and crowned, a scroll with inscription in Latin, hour-glassn a , skull cross-boned an , usuae th f lso type. Seven paces eastwards is the memorial of George Ferrier, who died in 1721 t showI . wingesa d cherub-hea a moulde n o d d pediment, single d crossean d e spadefouth r n i spanel f boto s h flat pilasters n hour-a , ' CHURCHYARD F CURRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 3 D 22 AN .,

glass death-headso tw , Mementoe th d an , Mori legend. Ther severae ear l stones of this class, which, though they differ in details, do not call for special remar r reproductionko . In .design, proportions, and execution, the memorial of Andrew Aken a wor f 1708o k s realli , y admirable e easTh t . face show a skulls , cross-bones, a star, an inscription, and the initials A. A., a cable mould- ing being effectively placed on the lower portion of the sloping sides. e uppeth n rO portioe westh f t o nface , show fign , i appearn4 . largsa e winged cherub-head, wit hcoupla f cinque-foilseo e inscriptioth , n rilling lowee th r panel, which uppeshowe th t rsa corner faceo tw n profilesi s . The date, 1708, is cut over the cherub-head, the Memento Mori legend appearing unde inscriptione th r . Very striking monumenalsa s oi f 175o t 0 , situate(figs6) , 5 . d neae th r centrgrounde th f commemoratind eo an , g "Grizel Anderson, late spouse to Alexr Kanken." Symbolically this sla s quitbi e uninterestingt bu , it is a singularly fine example of a richly floriated type of memorial commo nmann i her d yean district f Scotlandso e wesTh t. face, which show n iroa s n stayband f excelleno s i , t character e inscriptionth , f o , mixed Koma scripd nan t lettering, appearin ease th e slab t n th facgo f .o e The coffin-shaped stone lying over the graves of the Napier family is also worthy of notice. It is a very realistic representation of a coffin, having carved handles and other ornamental details, the top being divided int x panelsf whicosi o e l inscribedf thesal ar ho , - e in e On . scription delightfulls si y naive :— " Here liecorpse sth Williaf eo m Napper vera Wh s yo wa hones t man wors Hi d bound him like wri papen o t r Exce Eeade m can.u lhi yo "f ri anothen I grounre parth f o td may'be rea -child'a d s epitaph, dating from 1806, and presenting this curious blend of pathos and bathos :— " Swee framr t res a he Mar s tew i yno No more shall Croup her breath annoy Life's bands are loosed and she is blest An angel join'd in Realms of joy." CHURCHYARDS OF CURRIE, KIRKNEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. 225

Very curiou e sreferenc th als s i o o "t e littl e souls n anothei " r rhyming tribute withi e ancienth n t choir t I seem. s uniqud an e origina s suggestioit n i l n that souls bea e proportionth r bodiese th f o t o s which they belonged :— " Sweet Innocents, their span of life was short, t cal sweed Bu mfred an an te from car r thoughteo ; They early droop'd, as flow'rets droop and die, And quietly wing'd their little soul high.n so "

Fig. 7. Recumbent Slab with Sword and Cross.

so-callee Th d Templar Stone (figlie) 7 .s seven paces froe centrmth e e soutth e hf moder th o wal f o ln church. This interesting relif o c mediaeval times measure fees4 inche 0 1 t lengthn si inche6 1 , breadthn si , .and is 6£ inches thick. Unfortunately it is fractured, encrusted with lichen, and not so well guarded as its importance warrants. James

and figures it in his Old and New Edinburgh. Unfortunately, again, it has shrunk 14 inches by 8 inches since the measurements w Edinburgh.Ne d s werforan It ed m noteOl seem n i d s also t o have changed, for in the work just cited it appears much wider at e foot th p tha ,t to a n while th n situi es side it n parallel ru s . e distinguisheTh d appearanc f thio e s memorial among thos f posto e - Reformation type is striking and instructive. In design it is simple and chaste, the absence of name or record intensifying its dignified simplicity beaA workes .d i d roun uppes dit r angles ornamentatios it , n otherwise being the cross and sword common to monuments of its class. steinlesThe s cross Maltesof , e type, occupie a circulas r panel, round which the roll bead is membranated; and the lines of a scabbard are distinctly traceable by the side of the long, cross-hilted sword. The insignia of the hammerman's craft, a crown and hammer, remaininw fe e th gf o tabl e appeaon e n stoneso r d othean , r detached symbols, both secular and sacred, are common in the older portion of the ground. The only representative of the sculptured figure type of memorial (fig. 8) is a very curious example. The upper portion of its front or east face is covered by a winged cherub-head, under that being a couple of circular-headed and finely moulded panels, each containing a crude but graphic delineation of the human form. That. on the left is clothed labelled an , n Latini d , "HOC QUO FUI"—ThiM DJA s i s wha I wast othere th ; skeletona , , being charged wit mottoe hth C , "HO NUN generae C Th SUM"—Thi . lI effec m a t w her no squains e i d an t striking, and has little or no correspondence with the prevalent character- istics of the churchyard otherwise. The back of the slab is covered with lettering. "Here, lyes the daughter of Jean Alexander . 1733," it begins immediateld an , y breaks int flowinoa g gus Latinf ho ,l Cade "So t In Fluctus,1' etc., the gist of which is that, .though the sun sinks suddenly beneath the waves, it rises again, but when the light of life flies away, night comes and lasts throughout eternity. e memoriaTh f Charleo l s Brown , (figwhic9) . h dates from 1705, shows several peculia interestind ran g features wese Th t fac. literalls i e y 228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906.

covered with emblems, suggesting that if the artist did not exhaust his art, he certainly exhausted his space. He has crowded into it both the " Memento Mori " and " Eemember Death " mottoes, two roses, a cherub-head, two stars, two single bones, a death-head, two sets of cross-bones e spade on n e ,shovelhour-glass a on ,d an , A coupl! f o e cherub-heads ador uppee nth r angles e slopingth , edge between showing

Fig. 10. Calvary Cross-slabs. initialthe s C.B . easB.PThe t . somfachas e e good foliation bearand , s withi semicirculana r pane quaine th l t epitaph :— " Death's steps are sure, And yet no noise it makes, And its hands unseen, But yet most surely takes." Fro archaeologicae mth l poin f vie o te mos wth t interesting relicf o s a couple pase th ar f smalte o l stone preservew sno ) (fig10 .d withie nth Parish Church. These were discovered a few feet under ground when, 1898n i Reve e gravth th , f . eo D r Langwil beins wa l g largee dugTh .r slab show reliefw a crosslo n articulate a n , i s d bead formin circulaga r 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906.

KIRKNEWTON. e yeath rn I 1750 e paris,th Caldef o h r Cleir Easr o , t Calder cons wa ,- joined with Kirknewton, a new church being built on a central site for the service of the united congregations. The deserted churches were allowed to fall into decay, and, eventually, their areas became places of family burial. Their old churchyards are still used for interments, Kirknewton Parish Church having no burial ground attached to it; and within these ancient enclosures many valuablo t ee pase relicth ar tf o s be seen. e oldTh churchyar f Kirknewtodo s nsituatei d hal a milf e eastwards of the church—a prominent object in the neighbourhood of Mid-Calder Station—and at the eastern end of the picturesque, old-world village. The site of the ancient church is indicated by a remnant of its walls, which measure fee6 s3 t long, 8| feet high 37d £an , inches thicke Th . only elaboration buttreslefa s i t s projection walr o , l return masonre th , y throughout being of the square ashlar type common to mediaeval structures. This old wall forms the east side of the enclosed tombs of the Campbell Maconochies of Meadowbank, now known as Kirknewton House moderA . n tablet ovee entrancth r e reads—"From 166e 2Th Burial e CampbelPlacth f eo l Maconochies f Meadowbanko , , Formerlf yo Inverawe, Till in 1790 the first Lord Meadowbank Selected the present Cemeter n Rathi y o Parish." This table s surroundei t n oldea y rb d framework, in the pediment of which is an oval panel bearing a much- worn monogram. The fine memorial of Captain James Johnstone of Hill House, who died in 1782, is built into the east side of the ancient masonry. It is a large and well-executed work in classic style, with fluted pilasters, and quaint capital whicn si e acanthuth h s leaf, thistles d rose e interan , ar s - twined. Under the pediment is a delicate floral scroll, resembling the old Adams ornament of Italian origin. e imposinTh g e Cullentomth f o bf Ormisto o s n occupie e sitf th so e CHURCHYARD F CUERIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH D 9 22 AN ,.

panel around itn incisea ; d shaft, very crooked, with Calvary, capital, and a couple of projecting steps or sub-bases. "A cross-hilted sword appears on the right side of the cross shaft, and a slightly worked bead has surrounded the whole. This stone measures 34 inches long, 11 inches wide, and is 4 inches in thickness. The second stone, which is inche4 s shorter inche3 1 , s broadinche5 d an ,s a typ thick f o e s somei , - what less crude tha s neighbourit n e crosTh s. shaf s straighi t d an t unbroken, the cross itself standing in a truer relationship to the shaft othee thath n rni example device Th .e incised hera pai f s shearsei o r , and it is not without significance that these are clearly attached to the shaft of the cross. If there is any reason in the theories formulated n explanatioi f theso n e ancient symbols soldiea , commemorates i r y b d ecclesiastiswordan the shearsthe and , by c, whic regardeare h as d suggestive of the tonsure. With reference to the modern church nothing need be said except n excellena s i tha t i tt exampl f "Heritorso e ' Gothic." Undee th r shado f whawo a locat l poet terms " Currie's steeple tow'rine th o t g sky, e finesth " f standto specimene on s f diallino s g anywhere b o t e found; and nearly a quarter of a mile due west of it is another memoria a characte f o l r surely unique. Withi a nsmal l plantation o n the road to Malleny, the passer-by will find a moulded slab on which s gravei followine nth g inscription :—

thi"n I s small Enclosure numbea e ar Stonf ro e Coffins of various dimensions. They were discovered in December 1820, and this stone is Erected Proprietoe byth r Lieut.-General Thomas Scott of Maleney o orden t I spot e d pointh o t rt an , ou t Facilitat Besearce eth e th f ho Curious into the nature of such interesting Relies of Antiquity.". CHURCHYARD F CUKRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 1 D 23 AN ,.

e choi th f tho r e ancient church. This elaborate structura f o s i e modern classic style, slightly Elizabethan in feeling, and of excellent effect. Lord Cullen, "an eminent judge, an elegant scholar, and an accomplished gentleman," lies buried here s doea s father, hi se th , celebrated Dr Cullen, whose profile in bronze adorns the western fagade mausoleume oth f . Lying near the remains of the church is a remarkable sandstone slab which measure 5 fee s n lengthi t inche2 1 , n breadthi s 0 inche1 , n i s thickness, and having its upper angles very broadly splayed. The top, e sideth f so shoe splayse on wth d eacrhyminlina e an ,f heon o g epitaph, which, though much worn fairly recordee ma , yb statings da stranga n i , e blen Romaf do Scriptid nan c characters :—

Chris Jesut• sav • sou• scam • o t ey • l• m e• He' is • my • onlye ' choice • Qhilk • causis • me • tho • corpis • in • grave • rejoic• soul• o t • n I e• er 'fo Curious and old though that unclaimed memorial undoubtedly is, interess it t pales unde e venerablth r e supremac s neait f ryo neighbour, the Hog-Back Stone, lately described, figured, and measured by Mi- Thomas Boss (Proceedings, vol. xxxviii. p. 426). The importance of this notable relic warranted its elevation for a space from its grassy lair, so that the accompanying photograph (fig. 11) might be made by Mr Moffat s characteristioit f c linepeculiad an s r ornamentation. Very remarkable d unusua e an singlth s i el lin f membranateo e d ornament appearing alon e lefth gt side, directly unde e loweth r e r slopinth ban f o dg " shingle." This somewhat resembles the dog-tooth ornament of early work t inclinebu , s strongl e lozength o r t ydiamono e d facet, though preservin charactega owns it l . al r (Dimension fee5 s: t 7| inches long, 18J to 14f inches wide, 13 inches deep at top, and 12 inches deep (or thick) at foot.) In the same way it was considered advisable to secure a photographic record of another relic (fig. 12), the figured slab noticed by Dr Christison on page 366, vol . e xxxviSociety'th f o . s Proceedings. This small slab CHURCHYARD F CTJRRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH D 3 23 AN ,.

was lifted from its socket in order that the entire figure should be shown. s dimensionIt 9 inche2 e sar s high 4 inche1 , s broad d 3jan ?, inches thick; the circular-topped panel being ornamented with a crudely worked bead and cavetto moulding. The sculptured effigy fills the panel, the letters I.L. appearing on either side of its shoulders. From haie featured th an r figure th s e migh e deemeb t d a femaletha f o t bu , the sex is indeterminate. The left hand grasps a trefoil, and there are traces of under-cutting round the head and hair which are very quaint, and unusua sucn i l h rude sculptures. Thernumbea e ear verf o r y interesting details exhibite e tombth n do - stone (figs. 13, 14) of James Smith, smith, who died in 1736. The east face bears the incised inscription, which is elegantly framed within a boldly cut leaf ornament, the hammer and crown insignia of the Guild of Hammermen being boldly relieve e uppeth n rdo portiostonee th f n.o The corners show a death-head and a cherub-head, the cherub appearing in a full-bottomed wig, a curious adornment, and a striking concession prevalene th o t t fashio periode th f no . The west face of this interesting monument shows a recurrence of the foliation, arranged now to emphasise the contour of the pediment. Unde t appeari r e legenth s d VIV EMEMO• R ' LETHL, which, being interpreted according to local tradition, refers not to any stream of classic origin, but to the Water of which murmurs near at hand. Then follow a plethors f emblemso a n anvia , l bearin e I.H.Sth g . legend, an hour-glass, a vice, a coffin, a skull and cross-bones, all crudely cut but powerfully realistic, the whole forming a combination of symbolis realisd man m that could scarcel excellede yb . It seems easy and safe to conclude that the next example served as prototype th e foregointh f eo g memorial t I appear e generation. b o t s s crude a sturd n s poini r ha f yskill o t t gracye , f lino e e whics ha h escaped the later designer. Only the date, 1719, and the age, 73, remai ne much-wor cleath n i r n inscription e cherubth deathd d an an -, - uppeheade th t sra angle alse sar o sadly battered. Lyingp acrossto e th e stonn hour-glassoth a f s i e n effectiva , d uncommoan e n ornamenn i t CHURCHYARDS OF CUREIE, KIEKNEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. 235

this position, its ends appearing on both faces of the monument. The photograph (fig) show 15 .e bacth sr e wes ko th e slabtd th fac an f , o e elaborate foliation which gives characte e design th e mill-rhyn o t Th r . d incised unde e uppeth r r scrolls, take n connectioi n n wite hammeth h r

Millwright'A . Fig15 . s Insignia incheinches.3 2 2 (3 y . sb ) e depicte e loweax th d n rdi an portioe panelth f o n, indicates pretty clearly that a millwright is commemorated here. A round topped stone (fig. 16), dated 1682, shows the common emblem e miller'th f o ss calling—the mill-rhynd a cor, n shoveld an , a pestle. Over these appear a slarg e portrai th face f o , t typet bu , poorly rendered; and a well-drawn fleur-de-lis showing merit which is not apparent in the cutting of the other symbols. A massive cable 236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906.

moulding borders the graven panel, the name, John Cruikshanks, appear- ing on the upper circular edge of the stone. It would prove tedious to enumerate all the details of this rich field. Ther mane ear y small tombstones bearing symbol same th f eso character, heads, cherubs, bones, etc., but only one more (fig. 17) can be regarded

1682f o incheinches.7 3 t 2 (2 .Ar y sb . Fig)16 .

as of any real importance, and that, again, through the grouping of crudits e ornaments. These includ a skulle hour-glassan , a horse, - shoe, a hammer, and cross-bones, the Memento Mori legend appearing over them, just Johf undeo e pedimentn e slope th th rso Smith f e o s Th ,. n 1733i , 10 s , commemoratei f o e ag e smith th dieo t da wh , heres a , in all probability is his father, though that is not stated on the slab. CHURCHYARDS OF CURRIB, KIRKXEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. 237

MlD-CALDBE. d churchyarol e Th f Mid-Calder—tho d e Calder Comiti f otheo s r times—is singularly deficien n ancieni t t memorials. Vandaliss mha been rampant, and has utilised old tombstones to form steps leading

Fig. 17. "John Smith, Smith."

fro groune mth d e beautifulevelth f o s l churce terraceth o t h s around, the lettering on some of these steps showing quite distinctly. There are many modern monuments, and the mausoleum of the Lords of the - Manor, the Sandilands of Torphichen, is an imposing struc- ture, but otherwise the churchyard and the sixteenth-century church seem to have parted company. A cannon-ball of stone, similar to those lying beside t Edinburga Mong Me s h Castle, serve a lin s ka s wite hth 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906. e nineteenth-centurspirie th th pastf d o t an ; y breathes fro marble mth e tablet erected in 1808 on one of the old buttresses : " To the Memory of David Bum—Let Candour Tel Rest.e th l " There are several tablets within the church, one of which records : "This church was founded by Peter Sandilands, pastor of Calder before A.D. 1541 d enlargean , d restoree Heritorth an d y d Feuarb d an s f o s Mid-Calder, A.D. 1863." e ancienMucth f o h t work remains both outside and inside the beautiful building, a full description of which is

Fig. 18. Ancient Pew-back at Mid-Calder.

given in Mr M 'Call's History of the parish. Prominent among these ancient remain n excellena s i s t exampl a carve f o e d pew-backk oa n i (fig. 18) engravinn a , whicf go h appear wore th kn si jus t mentionedt I . dates from 1595. Prior to its removal to the manse pew in the eastern e churcth en f o dt hi occupie a dcentra l position opposit e ancienth e t e uppeth pulpit n r O portioe .middl th f o ne panel appea e initialth r s I.S., and I.L., the shield which they support showing a strange rendering of the Sandilands arms, a curious Norman doorway with turrets and flags fillin e loweth g e panelr date initialth d par Th f ean o .t s R.A.W. CHURCHYARDS OF CURRIE, KIRKNEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. 239

occupy a portion of another panel, the remainder being beaded over their entire length. Scriptural quotations for e legenmth d proper, whics i h crowned by a semicircular panel showing a thistle ornament arranged in three radiating branches. It may here be noted that there is preserved in the National Museum the upper portion, 01 head, of an ancient sculptured cross which was

Fig. 19. A Carpenter's Memorial. found at Mid-Calder. This fragment shows clear traces of early origin in the disposition of its ornamental lines, which are simply but effec- tively treated. The oldest inscription decipherable "among the tombs" is that of Joseph Douglas depaii-teo , " f AprilWh o y de da thi ann0 2 s olyfe th e o domsymbolin f .e o ston r th 1636,artisti o cs i t e bu " c interest. Another plain memorial, of 1778, commemorates certain youthful member e familth f f Mattheo o sy w Comb e inscriptioth , n concluding 0 24 PKOCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 190612 H .

with the fresh and lively quotation: "To die young, said one, is the leaving of a superfloues .feast before the drunken cups are presented." e onlTh y churchyard' remnan n artistia f o t c characte a quaintl s i r y designed slab which shows a couple of winged cherub-heads, a skull and hour-glass over the pilasters flanking the undecipherable "inscription. e onlTh y other slab tha s worthi t f recore memoriao yth s i da f o l carpenter (fig. 19), a much-worn monument, now placed against the south wall of the churchyard. The emblems of mortality, a skull and cross-bones superimposed e usuath f lo grisle ar , y type fracturea ; d hour-glass leads the thought towards the secular symbols, a square carved in bold relief, n incisea d dan axe. n after-thoughVera s y wa evidentl e s ax (a t e th y e desigth s completeli n y proportioned withou s beetha nit)d addean , d to demonstrate that 110 mere mason lay buried here. A joiner's compass and a spade appear on the other side of this stone, but no date or inscription is traceable.

EAST C ALDER. buriae Th l groun t Cuthbeft'S f do s Church, s rica n i s hi , graveyard symbolism as its western neighbour is poor. But there is not n thii s roadside "howff e varietth " f desigyo n foun n mani d y church- yards strona , g family resemblance affectin wholee g th makin d an , g doubly welcome a trio of notable remnants, the reputed twelfth-century church, the fragment of a mediaeval cross built into its western gable, and the massive " Templar Stone " which, in itself, would redeem any site from contempt. Winged cherubs, lifedeath-headsd an - , hearts, bones d othean , r sym- bol f mortalito s ya comparativel aboundn o d an , y modern monument occurs the only representation of costume to be seen here, a bewigged Georgiae figurth f o e n period, supporte a mill-rhyn y b d d unde n opea r n coffia book d nan , ove hour-glassn a r verA .y crude ston f 168eo 8 shows several quaint details, among them a curious portrait face. "'Mento Morom " is its rendering of the common legend, and it bears three hearts, f theo e m on being inverted n interestinA . g ston f 172o e 2 showa s CHURCHYARD F CURRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 1 D 24 AN .,

winged cherub headso tw , a a heartsand-glass, d an , ; anothe stond ol r e shows a couple of single bones, and a coffin -in bold relief; another a crude face, crossed ribs, and cross-bones; a small slab, of 1673, ex- mose hibitinth f to archai e gon c incision wingea f so d cherub ever made.

TypicaA Fig . 20 . l Example.

A single exampl f theseo e crude sculpture advancee b y sma s typicada l wholee ophotogrape th f Th . h (fig show) .20 wese sth t sharplfaca f o e y pedimented slab, with a deeply moulded panel, well filled with the emblem uppese peculiath sitee n rI portioth .pane e o rt ratheth a f s nli o r pleasant female face, set in a " mutch "-like arrangement of hair, for hair it is meant to be, as its parting in the centre clearly shows. Under that, 6 1 VOL. XL . 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 12, 1906.

and in a line, are a couple of hearts inverted and a couple of ribs inter- sected, both of these emblems being a distinctive feature of the some- what insipi much-rounded dan d sculptur f thieo s churchyard e easTh t . face bears the inscription, the date 1753, a couple of small heads placed horizontally, neck to neck—another original feature—a monogram, and a coupl f spirao e l pilasters supporting winged cherub-heads. Serpents ornamen panellee th beap t to r e e dslopesom th th sides f d eo s an rud, e projections whic impossibls i t hi characteriseo et . The ancient church of St Cuthbert was founded in the twelfth century, and if the existing roofless but well-preserved building cannot boast of the great age claimed for it by some writers, it certainly is a very vener- able structure.1 The remains of fifteenth-century tracery appear in its east window, the old doorways near it are of contemporary work, and the west gable shows, by the insertion now to be noticed, that t i canno e regardeb t s beina d g older than these other portionf o s e fabricth . The west gable of the church might be described as being partly ancien d partl an e result th y f verd o repairst ol ye picturesqu Th . e belfr , presumablyyis fifteenth-centurf o , ya pleasin s worki d an g, object both to artist and antiquary; but the great charm of the gable is a remarkable sculptured stone (fig. 21) an insertion which bears clear traces of fourteenth-centur yn appearanc a influences s ha d t onca ean , e distin- guishe artisticd dan . This interesting fragment shows very clearly the elaborately carved head of a Maltese cross, with a portion of its stem. This is not only attached to the circular nimbus, but runs right through it to a forked apex, a feature rather unusual in nimbus-bound crosses. Foliation of a somewhat elaborate character springs from the shaft and the nimbus, giving to the whole an effect peculiarly rich and pleasing. The stone measures about 20 inches by 14 inches, and has originally been about 20 inches in width, as may be determined by the proportions remaining. t measureI 1 fee0 s7 t lon 2y g4b feet wide, externally. CHURCHYARDS OF CURRIE, KIRKNEWTON, AND THE CALDERS. 243

The most important relic of the churchyard, however, is a large slab of the coffin-cover type (fig. 22), known as a " Templar Stone," but differing in many respects from the somewhat severe examples of its class already . knowPerhapus o t n s this handsome sculpture might most correctly be regarded as an example of a transitional type of memorial, occupying a fairly definite place between the shrine-shaped tombstones of earJy periods and the flatter and more ornate slabs of later developments. It

Fig .Gablee Cros e 21th Th .n s i .

measures 5 feet 4 inches in length, 17 inches in breadth, and 12 inches in dept r thicknessho . This massive ston sculptures e i s facesit l al , n do which are five in number, counting the bevelled angles that give it a pyramidal form. The ends also are splayed and sculptured, that at the west, shown in the photograph, bearing the worn impress of a petalled ornament t unlikno , eGothia c quatrefoil. In all probability this ornament is the head of the cross whose shaft is still fairly traceable along the somewhat narrow top of the stone; and, 4 24 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 190612 H . e havw i, fe thaso her e exampln b tea a cros f o es type fairly thama ty be regarded as uncommon. ornamentatioe Th splae th yn n o resemble s drapery arrange seriea n di s of loops regularite th , e desigth f yo n being broke o allont e interwth - polatio f ano symboli c feature resemblin gpaia f shearsa curiouo r d an , s cross-hilted knife or dagger. A twist in the blade adds mystery to the

Fig. 22. A coped, flat-topped Stone.

latter symbol, whic wely hma l deman drevisea d reading opposine Th . g bevel shows a hand or glove, life-size, with a few worn lines that suggest a sword with an ornamental hilt and, presumably, a scabbard. The flat or base portion of the same side bears the long incised figure okeya f ware ,th d checks appearing quite clearly, thoug e encrustath h - d tioweatherinan nt ver no y e helpfuar g decipherinn i l e detailsgth . o desigN s appareni ne fla th t n portioe sido tth e f e o shownth n i n illustration e slopinth d gan , end t shown,no s similarli , y destitutf o e CHURCHYARD F CURRIEO S , KIRKNEWTON E CALDERSTH 5 D 24 AN .,

ornament s panelledi t I . , e rolsimplyth l y beab , d that runs round all the angles of the stone. The incised carving on the upper or face portioe slabth f , o nunfortunately s muci , h injured t whabu , t remains suggests either the shaft of a cross or a sword and scabbard. Some inglorious vandal has chiselled clean away about a foot of the upper e flath tportio e n designsurfaco th f d no an e, thus secure s inciseha d d some base initials, thus intensifyin mose th f t o interestine on g g problems connected with the churchyard memorials of the district.