Open Source Approach to Project Management Tools
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics 196 Informatica Economică vol. 15, no. 1/2011 Open Source Approach to Project Management Tools Romeo MARGEA, Camelia MARGEA, West University of Timisoara, Romania Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, [email protected], [email protected] Managing large projects involving different groups of people and complex tasks can be challenging. The solution is to use Project management software, which allows a more efficient management of projects. However, famous project management systems can be costly and may require expensive custom servers. Even if free software is not as complex as Microsoft Project, is noteworthy to think that not all projects need all the features, amenities and power of such systems. There are free and open source software alternatives that meet the needs of most projects, and that allow Web access based on different platforms and locations. A starting stage in adopting an OSS in-house is finding and identifying existing open source solution. In this paper we present an overview of Open Source Project Management Software (OSPMS) based on articles, reviews, books and developers’ web sites, about those that seem to be the most popular software in this category. Keywords: Project Management Software, Microsoft Project alternatives, Open Source Project Management Software Introduction you are faced with many tasks, each with its 1 For some decades past the project own deadline for completion. PM requires management (PM) detached from standard the manager to be on alert all the time. management disciplines and has evolved into Essentially, PM can be defined as the art and an independent one. The need for PM science of managing everything related to a emerged as the economic situation has project (duties, team members, deadlines for become relatively stable. In a state of completion etc.).When all aspects are transition PM cannot be applied so involved into a project without causing any successfully, unstable environment giving rupture, we can say that the project is a not a good forecast, as a consequence, risks successful one. may appear here. Entities who are funding a project are According to the DEX, definition of the keeping in sight four functions - scope, project is: a plan to take, to do something; quality, time and cost. These functions intention; the first drawing or first ideas become constraints wherewith the project about something that is to be made or to be manager is operating. There are also two put into execution. Although, current practice entities involved: stakeholders, who have identifies the project itself with the work to direct stakes in the project, and constituents, be completed according to business which are affected by the impact of the requirements and project management — project. business planning activity separate from the Every project begins with the settling down in progress one. PM requires a degree of of the objectives to be achieved and of a professionalism, which increases with timetable for implementing the activities. increasing project complexity. The increasing Ideally, each step must take place as planned, number of factors involved in running a but for some unforeseen reason, some project, high values and limited resources activities during the project may not fit the turn everything into a highly complex schedule. In this context, it is necessary a activity [1]. reprogramming of all other activities, so the PM can be tricky, time consuming and whole project to be completed on time. confusing. It's easy to lose direction when Along the time constraint, another important Informatica Economică vol. 15, no. 1/2011 197 restriction is cost, because usually a available [4] is needed. beneficiary of a project is not willing to pay 2.1 Free/Open Source too much (nothing, if possible) and also no Project management software market project contractor is ready to invest too encloses a lot of products. From all these, the much. free or / and open source (OS) are considered Simple projects can be built without using IT to be a special category, being perfect for tools, but accomplishing complex projects, small businesses. A reason is the fact that having into account the requirements and such businesses actually do not need to buy constraints outlined above, is very difficult huge project management software, but to without using some appropriate software. In understand the value of a well-founded these circumstances, the PM software project management. This free software / OS becomes a key tool in supporting the effort to generally provide only basic functionality complete a project in time and fitting it in the such as time lines rudimentary, PERT charts, budget. or Gantt charts. In terms of cost accounting PM software allows passing through the line their offer is slight, particularly for risk critical steps which any project managers management and customer support. have to make, to be more efficient than using 2.2 Client-Server some common software, as calendar or Some client-server software project Excel. There are opinions that these are time management are more specialized in niche consuming and it implies some personality areas. They are more targeted to desktop management and communication abilities, software and offers rich features such as the fitted to the different learning styles, for Gantt and PERT charts, risk management, completing some basic steps: Critical Path Analysis, EVA, accounting, and 1. Identification of problems: early, to avoid resource utilization. being too late to fix them; 2.3 Online/Web-based 2. Scope and contract clarification Sophisticated online web-based enterprise- 3. Resources optimization and online wide project management solutions allow organization (tools and administration): project members to report task evolution, and for completing the project as soon as report the details of their progress online. possible; This, in turn, allows the project manager to 4. Payment and budgeting cognition readily understand the status of the various 5. Plan updating: fast, in a few minutes each participants and to focus on the issues that week, in order to see the project status; are most important. 6. Programming updating when changes There are web-based solutions that can be occur: in seconds, for all those involved in operated from anywhere in the world, the project. [2], [3] whether on an intranet or internet. This There are certainly many more benefits that means that everyone from top management PM software can offer, but these factors to the frontline workforce can access project- above settle on the minimum tools that every related information anytime. Outside project manager requires, combined with an subcontractors as well as customers, can log organized communication and collaboration onto their relevant portion of the project and (agenda, weekly status templates, metrics get to track it. etc.). Among other modules, there are usually useful considered the timesheet modules, 2 A Classification of Project Management project calendars and email notification, all Software these helping the manager to monitor and to Although we do not intent to have a be proactive about both costs and time comprehensive classification of PM software deadlines. in this article, we consider that a short 2.4 General Project Management Tools description of the main types of PM software Some tools such as Microsoft Project and 198 Informatica Economică vol. 15, no. 1/2011 Visio are examples of applications well rated A few years ago installing and configuring a among PM software. They do everything Web server database and scripting language fairly well, but nothing tremendously. That associated (e.g., Apache, MySQL and PHP), PM software is mere tool in the hands of the able to support an online software was a project manager. relatively difficult task that requires the presence of an IT specialist. But currently 3 Collaborative Aspect of Project there are OS application packages like Management Software XAMPP, WAMPP leading these tasks to As mentioned in the introduction of this become simpler to reach, even for a person paper, a PM must provide modern software who has a minimum IT knowledge. tools for planning, organizing, managing and In addition, these packages also allow to collaborate within and across teams in installation of Web-based PM software on order to reach the project goals and the PC itself, it operated like a conventional objectives. applications offline desktop. Classical solutions, offline and standalone (desktop) are not good enough for these 4 Why Open Source Software Project tasks, since they do not offer modules Management Solutions? collaboration and since the communication There are different levels of complexity for between project members is made difficult. PM software, priced between 30 and 20.000 Web-based PM software comes with dollars or more. However, not everyone has collaborative tools that facilitate fast and the budget necessary to start with a PM efficient management of tasks and activities. commercial solution, such as Microsoft It is more comfortable to work with Web- Project or similar. based applications, so it is not a surprise the Microsoft Project is undoubtedly a powerful increasing number of Web-based tool for PM, an incredibly capable alternatives. Web 2.0 benefits are clearer for application, but often too complex and most people working in a technical field. exclusively targeted to the project manager. Even Microsoft offers as part of Project 2007 Somewhat similar circumstances encountered the Microsoft Office Online version (and Office package, 80% of users using only includes connectivity options with its Web- 20% of the many features of Microsoft based Microsoft Office Project Server 2007 Project [5]. The top alternatives at that time and Microsoft Office Project Portfolio (year 2008) mentioned by this author were: Server). OpenProj (also described below in our A Web-based PM software can be accessed paper), Zoho and Ganttproject.