18 the Representation of Joko Widodo's Figure in the Jakarta Post

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The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

Amalia Dwi Utami English Language and Literature Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]

ABSTRACT This research investigates the representation of Jokowi’s figure as the governor of Jakarta, the presidential candidate, and the President of Indonesia in the Jakarta Post by using nomination and predication strategies of Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) proposed by Reisigl and Wodak (2009). By employing descriptive qualitative method, this research examines fifteen editorials focusing on Jokowi. The findings reveal three main points. First, deixis and synecdoches become the nomination strategies that signify changes. The strategies signal that the Jakarta Post prefers to focus on Jokowi when he becomes the president since his every action represents the action that the government and Indonesia take. Second, the Jakarta Post prefers to use positive predication strategies in presenting Jokowi’s figure in all categories except in the KPK issue. Third, the signification of the representation indicates that nomination and predication strategies are employed to represent the shift in political support towards Jokowi: from positive to negative. The Jakarta Post supports Jokowi since his performance as a leader is in line with the Jakarta Post values. However, the fact that the Jakarta Post no longer gives him its full support on the KPK issue indicates that his action contradicts the Jakarta Post’s ideology that supports anticorruption movement.

Keywords: Jokowi, the Jakarta Post, discourse historical approach, nomination strategies, predication strategies

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

INTRODUCTION candidate, and the President of Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has become Indonesia, is reflected in the news Indonesia’s new media darling. He reporting what he does. The mass gains popularity for his unique ‘street media as the producers of the news democracy’ style of leading starting have the responsibility to present the 0077hen he occupied a position as pros and the cons of what he does the mayor of Surakarta and when he objectively (Cohen-Almagor, 2008). became the Jakarta governor in 2012. However, there is no such thing as In 2014, his popularity increased being neutral in reporting news; they since he was nominated as the will always have standpoint. It is presidential candidate from the because the news will always contain Indonesian Democratic Party of certain ideology (van Djik, 1988). Struggle (PDIP). His nomination has Therefore, news as part of media caused controversy because it plays an important role in happened when he was still in charge constructing what people think is of Jakarta. This controversy real, interesting, beautiful, and moral continued even after he won the (Matheson, 2005). In other words, election; barely a month since his they have power to change the point inauguration, he decided to raise the of view or ideology of a society fuel prices by an average of 30%. His (Trčková, 2011). decision to nominate Comr. Gen. An example of the mass Budi Gunawan who has fat bank media’s standpoint is displayed by accounts as the National Police chief the Jakarta Post. It openly declared also caused an uproar. It happened the endorsement for Jokowi in the since the case ended up with the presidential election campaign criminalization of the Corruption through its editorial entitled Eradication Commission (KPK) “Endorsing Jokowi”. The Jakarta leaders. Post argued that the endorsement His popularity during his was made as a moral choice and was leadership, particularly as the not expected to sway votes governor of Jakarta, the presidential (“Endorsing Jokowi”, 2014).

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Nevertheless, the Jakarta Post has systemic-functional linguistics. used its power to change the point of Unger (2010) studies how language view of the society by presenting the ideologies about Scots language are good side of Jokowi during the realized linguistically. Meanwhile, campaign. Chiu and Chiang (2012) examine the Regarding the fact, this use of metaphor in the representation research is conducted to investigate of people’s name rectification how the Jakarta Post’s editorials movement of Taiwan’s indigenous in report Jokowi’s figure as the newspaper. DHA is also used by governor of Jakarta, the presidential Larasati (2014) and Lacerda (2015) candidate, and the President of to investigate news. While Larasati Indonesia. Editorial is chosen to be (2014) focuses on war discourse, analysed since it represents the Lacerda (2015) centers the analysis newspaper’s opinion; i.e. the on the political discourse on favelas ideology of the newspaper (van Djik, (slums). 1988). One of the approaches that Nevertheless, there have not can be used to investigate this issue been many studies about important is Discourse Historical Approach people in the mass media, especially (DHA) proposed by Reisigl and in Indonesian context, that employ Wodak (2009). By employing DHA, DHA. Given that particular reason, this research explores how discursive this research explores how discursive strategies especially nomination and strategies especially nomination and predication strategies are used by the predication strategies are used by the mass media in presenting Jokowi. mass media in presenting Jokowi. Literature shows that there Therefore, the research is conducted have been volumes of studies that to answer the following questions: employ DHA, for instance, van 1. How is Joko Widodo as the Leeuwen and Wodak (1999) who governor of Jakarta and the investigate the rejection of Austrian President of Indonesia immigrants’ family reunion during his first months applications by combining DHA with leadership and as the

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

presidential candidate power to represent and disseminate represented through particular meaning (Vihersalo, nomination and predication 2009). The group then decides “what strategies in the selected is to be taken as the correct, editorials? appropriate, or preferred 2. What does the representation” (Holquist, 1983; representation signify? Fairclough, 1992; Wodak, 2001 as cited in Wenden, 2005, p. 90). As the LITERATURE REVIEW result, the representation is often The concept of representation is manipulated, exaggerated, or important in this research as it relates distorted (Signes, 2007). to the process of how the mass media Another concept that is important in constructs someone’s figure. From this research is Critical Discourse discourse analysis perspective, Analysis (CDA). To understand the representation refers to the way concept of CDA, it is necessary to language is employed in a text to see how CDA defines discourse. express the underlying meanings of Discourse is not simply an isolated the descriptions of people, places, or textual or dialogical structure (van social practices (van Dijk, 2002). Dijk, 1988). It is seen as socially The representation of immigrants as constructed ways that do not only people who have a higher birth-rate shape but also enable (social) reality in a text, for instance, can be used to (Foucault, 1977; Paltridge, 2006). It show that they are ‘problems’. also helps to establish power The representation relations between social classes, determines the way people think gender, or majorities and minorities about particular objects, events, groups (Wodak & Meyer, 2009). situations, and even social practices Therefore, CDA acts as an approach (Signes, 2007). However, it should that critically investigates the be noted that the representation is not relationship between discourse and always described objectively; it the reproduction of power in social depends on the group who has the practices and interactions

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(Fairclough, 1995 as cited in interdiscursivity denotes the Mancini, 2011). connection between discourses in a CDA develops into many various ways through explicit or approaches that emerge with their implicit references (Wodak & own characteristics. They are Forchtner, 2014). Dispositive Analysis (Jӓger and In analyzing a specific Maier), Sociocognitive Approach discourse and related texts, DHA (van Dijk), Social Actors Approach uses discursive strategies as the tools. (van Leeuwen), Dialectical- Discursive strategy means an Relational Approach (Fairclough), elaborate and systematic ways of and Discourse Historical Approach using language to reach a particular (Wodak). The last approach, social, political, psychological, or Discourse Historical Approach linguistic goal (Wodak & Meyer, (DHA), focuses on political issues by 2009). Discursive strategy consists of emphasizing on historical dimension five strategies: nomination, of the issues and the background of predication, argumentation, the social and political fields within perspectivization, and intensification. which the issues are embedded (van Out of those five discursive Leeuwen & Wodak, 1999; Wodak, strategies mentioned above, this 2010). research focuses on two strategies, DHA considers the historical namely nomination and predication and current context of the subject strategies. investigated important as they allow Nomination strategy is a to deconstruct intertextual and strategy in using linguistic devices to interdiscursive relations of the refer to persons, things, places, or subject. Intertextuality refers to the event. By using this strategy, the relation of one text to other texts speaker or writer can reveal political, where a text may implicitly or social, or psychological interests or explicitly cite the others, both in the purposes (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001). past and in the present (Paltridge, There are many linguistic devices 2006). On the other hand, that can be used in this strategy, for

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

instance through membership qualitative approach is to understand categorization devices such as deixis, how meanings are (re)constructed” anthroponym, and metonymic. The (Merriam, 2009, p. 13). In analyzing analysis can also be done by using the data, Discourse Historical metaphor and synecdoche (Wodak & Approach (DHA) proposed by Meyer, 2009). Reisigl and Wodak (2009) is After being identified by employed. Specifically, the analysis nomination strategy, the persons, focuses on nomination and things, places, or event are analyzed predication strategies. The analysis by using predication strategy. of nomination strategy is aimed at Predication strategy is a strategy in seeing how Jokowi is referred to, attaching persons, animals, or objects while the analysis of predication with some qualities or strategy is used to see how Jokowi is characteristics. This strategy is aimed represented through some at representing social actors more or characteristics attached to him. less positively or negatively (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001). The strategy is Data collection realized by stereotypical, evaluative The data used in this research are attribution (in the form of adjective, taken from www.thejakartapost.com. relative clause, infinitive phrase, and The Jakarta Post is selected since it prepositional phrase), explicit, is the largest daily English collocation, rhetorical figure newspaper in Indonesia that has won (including hyperboles and litotes), several awards for its credibility and allusion (Wodak & Meyer, (Aryuni, 2012). Moreover, it has 2009). openly declared its endorsement for Jokowi in the presidential election METHODOLOGY campaign through its editorial Consistent with the nature of the entitled “Endorsing Jokowi” that research questions, this research shows its standpoint toward Jokowi. employs descriptive qualitative The number of editorials taken method because “the focus of as samples is 15. Fifteen editorials

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are considered sufficient to conduct a of nomination strategy proposed by DHA research that requires an in- Reisigl and Wodak (2009). depth analysis. They are purposely Second, examining the selected based on the variance and predication strategies used by the the importance of their contents. Jakarta Post in representing Jokowi Moreover, they represent the change after the linguistic devices used to of Jokowi’s roles in the government: refer to him are identified. The as the Jakarta governor, the analysis is done to see how it presidential candidate, and the represents Jokowi by giving some President of Indonesia. The editorials characterizations to him. The of Jokowi as the president are then predication strategies found in the divided into three categories, which editorials are classified based on the are Jokowi during his first month types of predication strategy leadership as the president, the fuel- proposed by Reisigl and Wodak prices hike issue, and the KPK issue. (2009). Therefore, the total of categories Lastly, comparing the results analyzed are five categories, with of the nomination and predication three editorials for each category. strategies of all categories to see the Theeditorials are published in overall signification of the selected October 2012 until March 2015. editorials. This research is aimed to see whether there is any change in Data Analysis nomination and predication strategies The data are analyzed by using employed by the Jakarta Post in DHA’s nomination and predication representing Jokowi as the governor strategies. There are some steps used of Jakarta, the presidential candidate, in conducting the investigation. First, and the President of Indonesia. identifying the nomination strategies employed by the Jakarta Post in FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS referring to Jokowi using linguistic The findings of this research are devices. The linguistic devices found discussed in three main sub chapters are then classified based on the types that are nomination strategies,

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

predication strategies, and which in this case the relation signification of the representation. between the Jakarta Post and Jokowi, especially through the use of Nomination Strategies deixis ‘he’, ‘his’, ‘they’, and ‘their’. According to the analysis of fifteen By employing them, the Jakarta Post editorials about Jokowi as the Jakarta suggests its position that is neither governor, the presidential candidate, close nor distant. The relationship and the President of Indonesia, there will be different if it uses deixis such are five nomination strategies used as ‘we’ indicating a collective sense by the Jakarta Post. They are deixis, of belonging between the Jakarta proper name, professional Post and Jokowi or ‘they’ in the anthroponym, noun, and synecdoche. context of comparing ‘we’ and ’they’ Among all nomination strategies, showing exclusion (Adegoju, 2014; there are three strategies that become Belo, 2013; Kim, 2014). the most frequent nomination It is also found that there are strategies used by the Jakarta Post, changes in the use of deixis ‘he’, namely deixis, proper names, and ‘his’, ‘they’, and ‘their’. ‘He’ and professional anthroponyms. In ‘his’ are applied in all categories addition to the three strategies, there except in the presidential election is another strategy acting as a where Kalla is always mentioned prominent strategy, synecdoches. along with Jokowi. On the other Deixis becomes the most hand, deixis ‘they’ and ‘their’ used frequent nomination strategy used to as the reference when Jokowi is refer to Jokowi (34.48%). It seems mentioned with Ahok and Kalla only the Jakarta Post uses deixis to avoid appears in two categories: Jokowi as repetition of the same proper name the governor and the presidential throughout the text. Specifically, the candidate, as illustrated in the table Jakarta Post employs personal below: deixis. Personal deixis is chosen since it helps in constructing the social relationship (Bello, 2013)

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Table 4.1 Appearances of Governor Jokowi”, deixis ‘they’ and ‘their’ 2012). F of F of [4.2] The economic Category ‘They’ ‘Their’ components of the As the platform put forth by governor presidential candidate 5 1 (Jokowi and Joko “Jokowi” Ahok) Widodo and his Presidential running mate Jusuf election Kalla reflect the right 1 3 (Jokowi and priorities that the nation Kalla) really needs as they First month as focus on food, energy 0 0 the president and infrastructure (“The Fuel-price hike Jokowi-Kalla 0 0 issue platform”, 2014). The KPK issue 0 0 The way the Jakarta Post attaches Ahok to jokowi in example The following examples show [4.1] suggests that the Jakarta Post how the Jakarta Post mentions Ahok does not only focus on Jokowi as the and Kalla along with Jokowi: main role but emphasizes that Ahok [4.1] But the public’s daily has a part too. Meanwhile, the way fatigue and frustration Kalla is mentioned together with will nevertheless Jokowi in example [4.2] implies that require adept skills they are a pair who work together. It from Jokowi and his also denotes that the plans offered deputy in managing are the representation of their expectations, in which thoughts and therefore the plans will they have a basic be executed by both of them. advantage (“Welcome As Table 4.1 illustrates, the Jakarta Post does not mention Kalla

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

as the vice president along with strategy also indicates that the Jokowi when they have been chosen Jakarta Post tries to avoid for the presidential seats. It implies ambiguity. that the Jakarta Post does not try to Another strategy is displayed emphasize who the vice president is by professional anthroponyms and his role in the government, as it (25.86%). By using this strategy, the does in the governor period. It also Jakarta Post tries to put forward means that after Jokowi and Kalla Jokowi’s professionalism side are elected, Jokowi is the one who instead of his other side, as a family has the control to execute the man for example. The decision to government’s programs. As the apply professional anthroponyms is result, the Jakarta Post prefers to also related to the purpose of the only utilize deixis ‘he’ so the readers editorial that is to describe and report know that the one who will be Jokowi’s action regarding his job. praised and blamed for the results of When Jokowi is elected as the new the government’s programs is governor, the Jakarta Post displays Jokowi, not Jokowi and Kalla. him as ‘the governor’ who is in After deixis, proper names charge of Jakarta. The realization of become the most frequent the strategy then changes as Jokowi nomination strategy used to refer to is proposed to be the presidential Jokowi (32.76%). It appears that the candidate. strategy is utilized in order to help Another prominent strategy is the readers examine which person synecdoche. Although the frequency becomes the centre of the text, is considered low, but synecdoches especially when another noun or become important to discuss since name is mentioned. The strategy is the strategy only occurs when also used when the reference of the Jokowi becomes the president action is not mentioned in the especially in his first month as a immediately preceding sentence president and fuel-price hike issue, as (Fukumura & van Gompel, 2012). portrayed below: Moreover, the use of the nomination

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Table 4.2 Appearances of insisted that the synecdoches decision was its Category Realization F prerogative and was As the urgently made to save - 0 governor some Rp 300 trillion Presidential (US$ 24.8 billion) - 0 election (“The Oily Politics of The Fuel”, 2014). First month as 1 government [4.4] His straightforward the president Indonesia 1 diplomacy may look Fuel-price hike The strange given his 3 issue government Javanese upbringing, The KPK issue - 0 but the world now knows what Indonesia As the table displays, wants and offers synecdoches are realized by using (“When Jokowi Steals word ‘government’ and ‘Indonesia’. the Show”, 2014). Synecdoche ‘government’ is used In example [4.3], the Jakarta when the program is intended for Post implies that the decision to raise Indonesian people, while synecdoche subsidized fuel prices initially ‘Indonesia’ is applied when the proposed by Jokowi in his program is designed for international presidential campaign as the decision relationship. They are classified into made by ‘the government’. synecdoche since they are used to Meanwhile, ‘Indonesia’ in example denote a whole country referring to [4.4] is employed as a reference to Jokowi. The examples of how word Jokowi who unveils his ‘government’ and ‘Indonesia’ are government’s plan in an international used are represented in example [4.3] forum so the world knows that he and [4.4]: speaks on Indonesia’s behalf. By [4.3] For its part, the using this strategy, the Jakarta Post government has tries to draw the attention to

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

Jokowi’s position as the president so of positive and negative predications his every action represents the action in each category changes. When that the government and Indonesia Jokowi occupies a position as the take. Jakarta governor, the percentage of positive predications reaches Predication Strategies 79.63%. The percentage rises According to the analysis of fifteen significantly when he is nominated editorials about Jokowi, he is as the presidential candidate assigned different characteristics, (95.83%). However, it gradually falls qualities, and features. They are after he becomes the president while realized by using predications that the percentage of negative can represent the Jakarta Post’s predications continues to increase. judgment on Jokowi’s figure. The Eventually, the percentage of predications used are divided based negative predications used reaches on the categories of his roles in the 53.13% when he is confronted with government and issues when he the KPK issue. In other words, the becomes the president. They are Jakarta Post prefers using positive further classified based on the predications in presented Jokowi’s positive and negative tendencies, as figure in all categories except in the demonstrated in Figure 4.1: KPK issue. The alteration of how

100 positive and negative predications

50 are used implies the Jakarta Post’s positive shift in political support towards 0 negative Jokowi. It means that the Jakarta Post no longer gives Jokowi its full

support regarding the KPK issue. Figure 4.1 The Jakarta Post’s shift in In addition to the analysis of political support towards Jokowi the positive and negative judgment As it is displayed, the Jakarta of the predications, the category of Post constructs Jokowi by means of each predication is also analyzed. positive and negative predications. The results show that the Figure 4.1 shows that the percentage

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predications are classified into six ‘maintained the speed his work’ and predication strategies, namely ‘captivated many’ in an editorial explicit predicate, adjective, relative entitled “A tale of two Anases” clause, infinitive phrase, (2013) when he becomes the Jakarta prepositional phrase, and hyperbole. governor. The predicate ‘maintained However, among all predication the speed his work’ projects the strategies, there are only two Jakarta Post’s belief that Jokowi has strategies used in all categories, performed well as a governor. namely explicit predicate and Moreover, the Jakarta Post employs adjective. The two strategies also a strong predicate such as become the most frequent ‘captivated’ to depict Jokowi as a predication strategies used by the charming leader who has held Jakarta Post. people’s attention, including those Explicit predicates become the living outside Jakarta and in his most frequent predication strategy hometown of Surakarta. used to present Jokowi’s Explicit predicates containing characteristics (79.58%). The positive judgment are also applied in strategy is employed to convey the the editorials of Jokowi when he is main idea of each sentence. It is also appointed as the presidential utilized since it can describe the candidate supported by Great action and the state of Jokowi; it Indonesia Coalition. During this does not merely describe additional period, Jokowi is described as a information about him. For the same servant of democracy that will not do reasons, explicit predicates become the same thing like what his the means for the Jakarta Post to predecessor Soeharto did, an express its political standpoint, implication embedded in the explicit whether to support or to oppose predicate ‘offers a break from the Jokowi. past’ (“Endorsing Jokowi”, 2014). The examples of explicit The Jakarta Post continues to predicate that contain evaluative use positive explicit predicates to attributions of positive traits are portray Jokowi as a good president in

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

his first month leadership. During predicate also implies Jokowi’s this period, there is one characteristic capacity as a leader who proves his highlighted by the Jakarta Post: good quality by making the Jokowi does not like to obey rigid unpopular decision. rules. However, it is his neglect of As Figure 4.1 displays, the rules that helps him do his work, predications are not only employed as embedded in the example below: to depict the positive representation [4.5] On Wednesday, of Jokowi’s figure in each category. thousands of refugees They are also utilized to depict the cheerfully welcomed negative one, as can be seen in the the President, who KPK issue. During this period, the neglected much of the percentage of negative predications rigid protocol reaches 53.13%. It appears that the restrictions imposed by Jakarta Post is disappointed by his predecessor Susilo Jokowi’s decision to nominate Comr. Bambang Yudhoyono Gen. Budi Gunawan as the National during his 10 year Police chief. Moreover, this issue at tenure (“Jokowi’s Hot the end leads to the assault on the Porridge”, 2014). KPK. An occurrence of explicit Afterwards, the Jakarta Post predicate with negative judgment in still gives Jokowi its support when this period is denoted in the example Jokowi makes an unpopular policy to [4.6]: raise fuel prices. The Jakarta Post [4.6] Or perhaps he just does believes that raising the fuel prices is not care, and uses the necessary to save the government’s guise of non- budget. Therefore, it compliments interference to mask Jokowi for his decision to raise the his real thoughts (“Who fuel prices through the explicit will save the KPK?”, predicate ‘has shown his leadership 2015). and character’ (“Fuel-Price Hike, The example implies that Finally”, 2014). The explicit Jokowi is a bad leader who protects

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his own image by pronouncing that in the fuel-price hike and the KPK he must not interfere with the KPK- issue. police row; it is important for him to The examples of adjective that be neutral. The predicates also mean contain evaluative attributions of that he avoids his responsibility to positive traits are ‘ambitious but not save the KPK acting as the antigraft impossible’ and ‘quite strategic’ institution in Indonesia. (“The Jokowi-Kalla platform”, After explicit predicates, 2014). They are used to projects the adjectives become the most frequent Jakarta Post’s belief that Jokowi and predication strategy used to refer to Kalla have a strong wish to make Jokowi (10.99%). It appears that the Indonesia better. Moreover, by using strategy is utilized in order to the adjective the Jakarta Post describe what kind of leader Jokowi implies that the pair has a clear is. Furthermore, adjectives are image of the important things needed applied to inform the readers about to be done; they understand the way the Jakarta Post’s particular opinion to achieve their aim. with positive and negative tendencies On the other hand, two about the programs proposed by adjectives found in the KPK issue Jokowi. However it should be noted period are classified into negative that unlike the positive and negative category. Example [4.7] below judgment that can be found in the exemplifies the use of negative choice of explicit predicates in every adjective: category, the same case cannot be [4.7] His recent statement applied to adjectives. The results that highlighted show that in the governor and prevention as the focus presidential election periods, of the fight against graft adjectives are only employed as the indicates he is not strategy that carries positive aware (“Who will save judgment. On the contrary, adjectives the KPK?”, 2015). are only used to describe negative The example signifies that he characteristics and features of Jokowi does not realize of the main problem

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

that he faces since he only focuses on considers supporting Prabowo as its prevention. The adjective can also morally wrong. It believes that his be interpreted that he does not give move to affiliate with hardline attention to the anticorruption Islamic groups will only taint movement. democracy in Indonesia. The analysis of explicit Afterwards, Jokowi is predicates and adjectives also contrasted with the former President displays that Jokowi is always of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang contrasted with other politicians in Yudhoyono, when he is elected as all categories. When Jokowi the new president. While Yudhoyono occupies a position as the Jakarta is presented as someone who governor, he is compared with Fauzi complies with the protocol, Jokowi is Bowo, the former Jakarta governor. displayed as someone who does not Jokowi is said as ‘more stick with it. The comparison approachable’ (“Welcome Governor between them somehow gives the Jokowi”, 2012) since he has a unique readers impressions that Yudhoyono style of leading that becomes his tries to put some distance between means to communicate with his him and his people. They are also people directly, called ‘street compared regarding the fuel-price democracy’ or blusukan. Meanwhile hike issue. Unlike Jokowi who ‘has during the presidential election, he is shown his leadership and character’, contrasted with Prabowo, another Yudhoyono is depicted as a leader presidential candidate. It seems the who does not have the courage to full support for Jokowi is motivated raise the fuel prices since it will taint by the assumption that Jokowi’s his image. They are also compared performance as a leader is in line when the KPK is criminalized. The with the Jakarta Post’s values that Jakarta Post expresses that unlike are “pluralism, human rights, civil what Jokowi does regarding society, and reformasi” (“Endorsing Bambang Widjojanto and Abraham Jokowi”, 2014, para. 11). Samad’s investigation, Yudhoyono Furthermore, the Jakarta Post devotes his attention to the issue

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related to the KPK. His interference that Jokowi is always contrasted with in the police investigation of a other politicians in all categories. KPK’s staff proves that he is The results show that all consistent with his pledge to fight comparisons are employed by the corruption in Indonesia. Jakarta Post to emphasize Jokowi’s positive representation in all Signification of the Representation categories except in the KPK issue. Since this research employs DHA as The representations of its approach, it analyzes the selected Jokowi’s figure in five categories editorials by relating them to signify that the Jakarta Post employs historical background. The historical nomination and predication strategies background is realized through to represent the shift in political Jokowi’s positions as the Jakarta support towards Jokowi: from governor, the presidential candidate, positive to negative. The Jakarta the president in his first month Post supports Jokowi since he leadership, the president who raises becomes the Jakarta governor until the fuel prices, and the president who he is chosen as the seventh President is confronted with the KPK issue. of Indonesia. However, the fact that Focusing on the discursive strategies, the Jakarta Post no longer gives him this research finds that there are its full support on the KPK issue changes in two nomination strategies indicates that his action contradicts used to refer to Jokowi, namely the Jakarta Post’s ideology that deixis and synecdoches. This supports anticorruption movement. If research also finds that the the Jakarta Post should make a predication strategies also change choice between Jokowi and the KPK, due to the historical background. The it will certainly choose the KPK and Jakarta Post prefers using positive those who support the antigraft predications in presenting Jokowi’s institution. It is proven by the way it figure in all categories except in the attaches Yudhoyono with positive KPK issue. In addition, the analysis judgment regarding his action to of the predication strategies displays defend the KPK that opposes the

Amalia Dwi Utami The Representation of Joko Widodo’s Figure in the Jakarta Post

opinions of the Jakarta Post about predications in presenting Jokowi’s Yudhoyono on the previous issues, figure in all categories except in the especially the fuel-hike issue. KPK issue. The same result is also displayed by the comparisons CONCLUSIONS AND between Jokowi and other politicians SUGGESTIONS where they are used to emphasize This research examines the Jokowi’s positive representation in representation of Jokowi as the all categories except in the KPK governor of Jakarta, the presidential issue. candidate, and the President of The signification of the Indonesia in the Jakarta Post. representation indicates that Specifically, this research nomination and predication strategies investigates how nomination and are employed to represent the shift in predication strategies are employed political support towards Jokowi: by the Jakarta Post in presenting from positive to negative. The Jokowi’s figure. In addition, this Jakarta Post supports Jokowi since research also analyzes the he becomes the Jakarta governor signification of the representation. until he is chosen as the seventh According to the analysis of President of Indonesia because nomination strategies, deixis and Jokowi’s performance as a leader is synecdoches become the strategies in line with the Jakarta Post values. that undergo changes. The strategies However, the fact that the Jakarta signal that the Jakarta Post prefers to Post no longer gives him its full focus on Jokowi when he becomes support on the KPK issue indicates the president since his every action that his action contradicts the Jakarta represents the action that the Post’s ideology that supports government and Indonesia take. This anticorruption movement. research also finds that the Regarding the suggestion for predication strategies also change the next research with the same due to the historical background. The approach, there are three suggestions Jakarta Post prefers to use positive to be considered. First, it is advised

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that further research focus on not 84-96. doi:10.5539/ijel.v3n6p84. only nomination and predication Chiu, S., & Chiang, W. (2012). strategies but also other types of Representations of the name rectification movement of discursive strategies to make a more Taiwan indigenous people: in-depth analysis. Second, it will be Through whose historical lens? Language and worth trying to collect editorials Linguistics, 13(3), 523-568. from several media. By doing so, the Cohen-Almagor, R. (2008). The Limits of Objective further research can see whether Reporting. Jornal of there are differences in the Language and Politics, 7(1), 138-157. representation of Jokowi’s figure Foucault, M. (1977). Language, between the media. Third, it will be counter-memory, practice: Selected essays and much better if more editorials are interviews. Ithaca: Cornell taken into account so the findings University Press. Fukumura, K., & van Gompel, R. P. will be more accurate. G. (2012). Producing pronouns and definite noun phrases: Do speakers use the REFERENCES addressee’s discourse model? Adegoju, A. (2014). Person deixis as Cognitive Science, 36, 1289- discursive practice in 1311. doi: 10.1111/j.1551- Nigeria’s “June 12” conflict 6709.2012.01255.x. rhetoric. Ghana Journal of Kim, J. (2014). The politics of Linguistics, 3(1), 45-64. inclusion/exclusion: Critical Aryuni, H. (2012). An analysis of discourse analysis on political cartoons in the multicultural education policy Jakarta Post e-paper (a documents in South Korea. semiotic discursive Multicultural Education approach). Unpublished Review, 6(2), 1-24. bachelor’s thesis, Dian Lacerda, D. S. (2014). Rio de Janeiro Nuswantoro University, and the divided state: Semarang, Indonesia. analysing the political Bello, U. (2013). “If I could make it, discourse on favelas. you too can make it!” Discourse & Society, 26(1), personal pronouns in political 74-94. DOI: discourse: A CDA of 10.1177/0957926514541346. President Jonathan’s Larasati, T. (2014). Nomination and presidential declaration predication strategies speech. International Journal employed by Islamic of English Linguistics, 3(6), Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) in presenting news

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