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STRUT-AND-TIE EVALUATION PROGRAM (STEP) for the DESIGN of BRIDGE COMPONENTS by Andi Vicksman

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STRUT-AND-TIE EVALUATION PROGRAM (STEP) for the DESIGN of BRIDGE COMPONENTS by Andi Vicksman STRUT-AND-TIE EVALUATION PROGRAM (STEP) FOR THE DESIGN OF BRIDGE COMPONENTS by Andi Vicksman A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering Lyles School of Civil Engineering West Lafayette, Indiana August 2019 2 THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL STATEMENT OF COMMITTEE APPROVAL Dr. Christopher S. Williams, Chair Department of Civil Engineering Dr. Robert J. Frosch Department of Civil Engineering Dr. Ghadir Haikal Department of Civil Engineering Approved by: Dr. Dulcy Abraham Head of the Graduate Program 3 To my parents, Debbie and Sandy Vicksman Mom and Dad, Thank you for your unwavering and unconditional support. You have instilled in me perseverance, a love of learning, and compassion. I am forever grateful for all you do for me. Love, Andi 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Christopher Williams, for his constant support. I would not have been successful in completing this project without his knowledge and his willingness to share that knowledge. His attention to detail has helped me improve as an engineer. I am also thankful for the help I received from Dr. Robert Frosch and Dr. Ghadir Haikal. Their advice and feedback were indispensable. I am grateful to you all for giving me the opportunity to work on this project and for all that I learned from the experience. Without INDOT and the JTRP office, this project would have never happened. The Study Advisory Committee was vital during the project and I cannot thank them enough for their expertise and willingness to help when asked. Prince Baah, Jeremy Hunter, Mahmoud Hailat, Donald Shaw, Tim Wells, Pete White, and Tyler Wolf, thank you for your advice, feedback, and support throughout this process. Merrick Howarth, I have been so fortunate to work with you the past nine months. Your dedication and support on this project were unparalleled. Anything I asked you to help with, you enthusiastically completed. STEP would not have the graphical capabilities it does without your assistance. I cannot wait to see all that you will continue to accomplish in the structural engineering field. I have met wonderful people at Purdue University through the Structural Engineering Department and Bowen Laboratory. I am grateful to the friends I have made for the everyday conversations and memories created throughout my time here. Thank you for making my graduate school experience more enjoyable. I am fortunate to have an incredibly supportive family and network of friends beyond those at Purdue University. Thank you to all of you as well for always encouraging and supporting me. Morgan Broberg, Eric Fleet, and Will Rich, your friendship means the world to me. Without your motivation and kind words this project would not be complete. I was extremely fortunate to find 5 such amazing friends who are so selfless, kind, and encouraging. Thank you for always being willing to help and for all the adventures. I cannot wait for many more! Kyle Godfroy, you are the kindest and most selfless person I have ever met. You remained my rock throughout this project and kept me motivated. Thank you for being understanding and supporting me. I am forever grateful for all that you continuously do for me. Mom and Dad, thank you for being my voice of reason, my biggest fans, and the best role models. You both are the very definition of compassion and strength. I would not have reached any of my accomplishments without your support. Thank you most of all for loving me no matter what. Adam, you’re the best brother out there. Thank you for all the laughs over the years. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 10 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 11 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. 15 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 16 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Project Objective and Scope ............................................................................................. 17 1.3 Organization ...................................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUT-AND-TIE METHOD .............................. 20 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Past Research on the Strut-and-Tie Method ..................................................................... 20 2.3 Disturbed Regions ............................................................................................................. 21 2.4 Fundamentals of the Strut-and-Tie Method ...................................................................... 22 2.5 Design Procedure .............................................................................................................. 23 2.6 Define Load Cases ............................................................................................................ 24 2.7 Size Structural Component and Determine Initial Reinforcement Layout ....................... 25 2.8 Analyze Structural Component ......................................................................................... 25 2.9 Develop Strut-and-Tie Model ........................................................................................... 25 2.10 Proportion Ties ............................................................................................................... 29 2.11 Check Nodal Strengths ................................................................................................... 31 2.11.1 Types of Nodes ........................................................................................................ 32 2.11.2 Proportioning CCC Nodes ...................................................................................... 32 2.11.3 Proportioning CCT Nodes ....................................................................................... 35 2.11.4 Proportioning CTT Nodes ....................................................................................... 36 2.11.5 Nodal Strength Checks ............................................................................................ 37 2.12 Proportion Crack Control Reinforcement ...................................................................... 41 2.13 Provide Anchorage for Ties ............................................................................................ 42 2.14 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 43 OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER PROGRAM ...................................................... 44 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 44 7 3.2 Coding and Layout ............................................................................................................ 44 3.2.1 Excel VBA Overview ................................................................................................ 44 3.2.2 Functionality of the Computer Program .................................................................... 46 3.2.3 Computer Program Layout and Formatting ............................................................... 47 3.3 User Inputs ........................................................................................................................ 48 3.3.1 Geometric Properties ................................................................................................. 51 3.3.2 Load Factor and Concrete Material Properties .......................................................... 51 3.3.3 Stirrups and Horizontal Crack Control Reinforcement ............................................. 52 3.3.4 Longitudinal Reinforcement ...................................................................................... 54 3.3.5 Factored Applied Loads and Reactions ..................................................................... 55 3.4 Program Outputs ............................................................................................................... 57 3.4.1 Strut-and-Tie Model .................................................................................................. 58 3.4.2 Nodes and Members .................................................................................................. 58 3.4.3 Node Figures .............................................................................................................. 59 3.4.4 Nodal Checks ............................................................................................................. 59 3.4.5 Reinforcement Design ............................................................................................... 59 3.4.6 Structural Analysis Outputs ....................................................................................... 61 3.5 Summary ..........................................................................................................................
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