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Acadiana and the Cajun Cultural Landscape

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Acadiana and the Cajun Cultural Landscape Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 Acadiana and the Cajun cultural landscape: adaption, [sic] accommodation authenticity Joseph Jerome McKernan Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation McKernan, Joseph Jerome, "Acadiana and the Cajun cultural landscape: adaption, [sic] accommodation authenticity" (2010). LSU Master's Theses. 3438. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3438 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACADIANA AND THE CAJUN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: ADAPTION, ACCOMODATION AUTHENTICITY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Arts in The Interdepartmental Program in Liberal Arts by Joseph Jerome McKernan B.A., Louisiana State University, 1959 L.L.B., Tulane, 1962 December 2010 This is dedicated to my loving wife, Diane. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is imperative to acknowledge the value of the Encyclopedia of Cajun Culture. A great part of the factual information was derived from this source. This is an indispensable knowledge base for understanding Acadia and Cajun culture. I would also like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Kevin Mulcahy, Sheldon Beychok Professor of Political Science, for suggesting this topic and providing me an ongoing discourse that shaped my thinking. He and his indefatigable research assistants Nicholas Lange, Jerome Newchurch, Hunter Pontiff, Jay Weisman, and Kate Youngblood were essential in shaping the opinions expressed herein. I exempt all but myself from any interpretive errors that might be raised. iii PREFACE When I began LSU in 1955 I had never heard of Cajun much less a “coon ass” although it didn’t take me long to know who and what they are. I learned that they are a fascinating group of people with a great deal of pride in their heritage who were for the most part changing as were most young ethnic groups in the country from their private societies to their own views of being America. The Americanization and rebirth of a new cajunism started after World War II “Bernard 2003”. Prior to America’s involvement in the war Cajuns were looked upon with disdain particularly by the northern press. Except for some of their wealthy ancestors who were referred to as creoles, Cajuns had not made any public meaningful contributions to society instead; they were a proud and hardworking people. Many of whom lived in their own smaller Cajun areas of the state for the most part they were poor. But as one of my long time Cajun friends has told me, Even though we were poor we didn’t know it. Everybody was the same. Nobody had much money but we got up in the morning, played, went to school, and went to bed with a prayer. It wasn’t until many of us got to the schools that most of us realized that we were poor. Private interview Kirby Guidry native of Catahoula parish 8-19-08. Therefore, although there were wealthy Cajuns, the majority of them were “poor” as Mr. Guidry describe them and basically been that way since they came to Louisiana from their native land in Nova Scotia. The War changed the face of the Cajuns in Louisiana. Their young serve the armed forces and became citizens of the world. When the Cajun veterans went back home, they were changed and Acadiana began to change with them. With the oil and gas boom in south Louisiana followed by the arrival of oil field workers and their families many of whom intermarried with the Cajun population. Acadiana changed again. These mixed families continued to live in the area and their children, for the most part, still refer to themselves as Cajuns. This adoption of Cajunhood by many ethnic groups has continued up to the present time. iv However, the real change in a “Cajun World” did not take place until the 60’s and 70’s and the early 80’s; Cajun music and food developed a huge following nationally and internationally. During that period of time Edwin Edwards gave national recognition to the Cajun way of life by defining Acadiana as a region. This was followed by the inevitable commercialization of the great Cajun products and the Cajun way of life. This metamorphosis is still in effect and growing each year, particularly because of the tremendous success of so-called Cajun food. Of course, the sad thing about this tremendous growth of the certain elements of Cajun culture has been to the demise of many traditions. The French language is practically gone; there are very few of them living on the bayous, hunting and fishing, or farming a small plot to feed their families. The pre-WWI and pre-WWII generation commencing in the 1930’s and the “baby-boomers” right after the war were probably the last generations to experience the Cajun way of life. The fact is that early, albeit very romanticized, Cajun culture is for the most part gone forever and instead is supplanted by a highly commodified “simulacrum.” This is despite the efforts of many historians and folk like professionals at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. It may be that we should be grateful for a “saving remnant” of the Cajun way-of-life. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii PREFACE...................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF MAPS ...............................................................................................................................x ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 CONCEPTUAL ISSUES: CULTURE AS A WAY OF LIFE ...........................................1 Acadiana and the Cajuns: History and Adaption..........................................................1 The Uniqueness of the Louisiana Cajuns.......................................................................3 2 WHAT CONSTITUTES CAJUN AND “CAJUNNESS”: ETHNICITY OR IDENTITY ....................................................................................................................7 Le Grand Dérangement..................................................................................................7 The Cajuns in Louisiana ..............................................................................................13 Acadiana--The Cajun Homeland .................................................................................16 Coda: Cajun/Cajunness: Ethnicity or Identity ...........................................................20 3 CAJUN FOLK HERITAGE: SELF-EXPRESSION AND IDENTITY...........................22 Cajun Festivals.............................................................................................................22 Cajun Mardi Gras.........................................................................................................26 Cajun Music.................................................................................................................30 Cajun Cuisine...............................................................................................................34 Cajun Folk Craft and Folk Art.....................................................................................37 Coda: Imagined Customs............................................................................................49 4 PUBLIC PROMOTION OF CAJUN IDENTITY.............................................................51 The Politics of Language .............................................................................................51 Folklife Programs.........................................................................................................53 The Catholic Church....................................................................................................55 Coda: The Cajun Patrimony........................................................................................57 CONCLUDING CODA: REFLECTIONS ON CAJUN CULTURE...........................................59 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................65 VITA..............................................................................................................................................68 vi LIST OF TABLES 1. Percentage of Cajun Population in 22-Parish Region ...............................................................19 2. Major Festivals in Acadiana .....................................................................................................26
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